THEMATIC TIMELINE #4

MEIJI RESTORATION By:

Noga Baruch Srishti Mishra

CHRONOLOGY 1868-19121858- Matthew C. Perry comes to Japan trying to convince it to open their borders; mainly to

convince theshogunate to allow trade. 1859-1868- Civil war; Shogun was blamed for allowing an American to set on Japanese soil.

Theyimpeached the shogun and put Emperor Meiji in power. A class of advisors gain the realPower1867- imported foreign/modern guns1868- introduction of Western methods into mining. fired samurai class from military power

and beganestablishing an all male draft system. 1869- government invests in building a railroad; lighthouse was built1870s- government built factories and businesses to help Japan. Japan hires mainly British

engineers andother European experts to educate Japan1870 - laying telegraph line. Also, invented jinrikisha, man-drawn carriage on bicycle Wheels. Finally, they hired French miners to teach them mining techniques. 1871 - Royal Mint in Osaka1872 - Railroad between Tokyo and Yokohama, silk mill at Tomioka. Hired a french engineer

to lead creating reeling factories which was powered by a steam engine. 1873 - Ministry of Public Works, Imperial College of Engineering1875- first modern iron manufacturing Japan. They hired an engineer from Britain to teach

locals about British technology. 1876 - Beer brewery in Sapporo1878 - Port design

Emperor Meiji

Meiji period gun

jinrikisha

1879 - Woollen mill at Senju

1880 - Royal Printing Office; new furnaces that are steam-powered blowers started being manufactured. Also, Government import and spinning machinery to compete with British and Indian

1881 - Cotton Mill in Aichi

1894- started manufacturing small arms and cannons , other weapons as well which they used to win the Chino-Japanese war

1882 - Crucible steelmaking and powder making at the navy plant

1888- Tokyo Electric Co. opens

1889- Kyoto uses hydroelectricity

1890- Japanese army was modeled after Germany, and its navy after Britain’s. Also, the first iron gunboat was completed. 7 major cities were now electrically lit.

1891- Japan’s first hydroelectric station and first electrolytic refinery were built. The hydroelectricity powered the ores, while refinery pured the copper

1899- Japan produces standard western electric telephones in Nippon Electric Co.

1900- the National Railway was complete; It spread from Tokyo to Kobe. Ships are now larger and built of steel. Also, guns were longer and as a result had better range.

1901- Yawata Iron Works opens; Coal tar distillation(Tokyo Gas Co.)

1902- Japan designs a marine tubular boiler for every warship.

1903 Calcium Carbide(Fujiyama & Noguchi)

1904- Russo- Japanese war. Locomotive tyre (Sumitomo steel)

Meiji Empress and Steam Ship, 1881

Japanese national railway

Telephone Torigata

1906 -Steam turbine(Mitsubishi Shipbuilding)

1907- Power loom(Toyoda-shiki)

1909 -Cast steel anker(Kobe steel). Oil engine(Ikegai & Sanyo). Calcium cyanamide(Nihon Chisso). Chlorate electrolysis(Nihon Chemical)

1911- Microscope(Terada - the forerunner of Oympus Co.). Celluloid(Sakai & Nihon Celluloid Rayon). Vitamin B(Sankyo)

1912- wireless telephone Torigata &c. Ministry of Communication

Matthew C. Perry

First microscope

Map of Japan

Mining is a major economic income

COMPARISON The Meiji restoration began with

an overthrow of the Shogunate because of the fear that Japan will immerse itself with the west; same plan for Tokugawa Shogunate in the first place.

Both Meiji’s and Shogunate’s uses of technology were directed at mining gold, copper, and silver

Both used textile manufacturing as main source of income

Both were not very centralized because of individual economic power

Tokugawa Shogunate

ANALYSIS OF COMPARISONo The schools of thought were similar as far as

the legitimacy of reforming o Though the time periods varied, both the

Meiji Restoration and the Feudal Period relied heavily on the natural resources especially metals

o Textile Manufacturing = primary source of income

o Economic centralization was an issue because both the Meiji Restoration as well as the Feudal Period focused mainly on individualized power

CONTRAST In feudal Japan, merchants were the lowest class though

in Meiji period they were higher status. Meiji period immersed itself with the outside world

while feudal Japan segregated itself Feudal japan had no banking or stock-market systems

though Meiji did Feudalism’s only source of transportation was walking,

though Meiji’s was railroads and the jinrikisha Feudal Japan had no navy though Meiji’s did Meiji were much more advanced technologically since

they were no longer isolated. Meiji was capitalistic while tokugawa shogunate was

feudalistic

ANALYSIS OF CONTRASTo The social hierarchy changed from being based

on the military/financial status to the importance of one’s career to the government

o Meiji Japan engrossed themselves with Western ideology while Feudal Japan preferred being isolated to avoid adopting Western ideology

o Meiji Japan was able to take advantage of Pacific Ocean because of the use of a navy as well as the technological advancement of steamships

o Meiji had more of a capitalistic economy, while Feudal Japan

P I R A T E S•After treaties with foreign nations were signed and ports were opened to their ships, Bakufu directly introduced military technologies from them•Becomes an oligarchy •Promoted a strong military: army-Germany, navy- Britain.•Based government on imperialistic Germany

•Heavily influenced by Dutch books that were translated •The learning of Western science and medicine•Invented the microscope for scientific research•They adopted knowledge from other cultures to expand theirs•Highest literacy rate in Asia•New educational system; mainly engineering schools

•Few were converted to Christianity•Many were Buddhist

•Naval architects were a part of the bureaucracy since they had such a demanding job• built fortresses with Western- style guns in 1839•Built four universities

•Furnaces were built to melt and cast iron guns •Invented wireless telephone•Built railroads across Japan•Imported and built weapons (cannons, arms, ships)•Were able to use electricity and hydroelectricity•Lay telegraph lines•Worked mainly on producing cloth more efficiently

•Hired foreign engineers •Imported machines in government-owned businesses •Changed into tax in money/land rather than rice•Japan mutated into a capitalist nation•A new banking and stocking systems immerged•Japan’s main exports: silk and cotton, were now mass produced because of technological innovations

•introduced western social system including:Parliament, banking,Insurance, joint stock, company civil and commercial code, army and navy•Population doubled•Zaibatsu, a business class, rose•Textile factories employed mainly women. They worked tirelessly 2 shifts

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS OF THE FEUDAL PERIOD Technology advanced in the following areas:

Weaponry

ArchitecturePottery

Swords

tougher steel inside of harder blade

Ceramic Jars

TextilesFigured fabrics

Embroidery

Dyeing

“Pulled” their tools to cut wood rather than to “push”

Yariganna- cut and scratch on the surface of pillar and floor that the carpenters substituted plane for large knife

ROLE IN TODAY’S WORLD Due to the extraordinary event of

industrialization, Japan as well as other East Asian countries such as China and Thailand are ahead in the rest of the world as far as technology goes

The rising exchange rate of yen during the ‘80s caused Japan to make labor intensive products abroad because it was more of an expert-oriented industry

Japan is able to transfer vast amounts technology to countries such as America as wells as Europe, which in return has created a foundation for their swift industrialization

“SNAPSHOTS” OF THE THREE TIME PERIODS

Tokugawa Shogunate

Technology in Modern-day Japan

Meiji Restoration

ASSIGNMENTS Noga Baruch:

- Chronology (Slides 1-3)- Pictures/Maps-Comparison and Contrast (Slides 5 and 7) -P. I. R. A. T. E. S. (Slide 9)- “Snapshots” (Slide 12)

Srishti Mishra: - P.I.R.A.T.E.S (Slide 9) -Technological Advancements Chart (10) -Role in Today’s World (Slide 11)-Analyses of both Comparison and Contrast (Slides 6 and 8)- “Snapshots” (Slide 12)

WORK CITED http://www.ied.co.jp/isan/sangyo-isan/JS7-history.htm#_

Toc442163083

http://www.ied.co.jp/isan/sangyo-isan/JS7-history.htm#_Toc442163102

http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu01se/uu01se0s.htm