The Yin and Yang of Technical and Physical Preparation

Paul Gamble PhD CSci HPSA CSCS The yin and yang of physical and technical preparation in track and field

The yin and yang of physical and technical preparation

www.informedinsport.com

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Paul Gamble PhD CSci HPSA CSCS


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Physical preparation(strength and conditioning is generally a misnomer)

Strength and Conditioning SpecialistStrength CoachWeight Room Strength Coach

Very limited role in elite sports, and particularly in track and fieldwww.informedinsport.com

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Conventional Heavy resistance training only part of the pie in track and field athleticsIllustrated Linear/Glide Shot Put: Most maximum strength dominant of track and field disciplines85% of release velocity generated delivery phase

*Adapted from Don Babbitt presentation to Athletics NZ Throws conference, with permission www.informedinsport.com

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The role of the weights room strength coach is very limited in track and fieldDiscus throw*Javelin*www.informedinsport.com * Adapted from Don Babbitt presentation to Athletics NZ Throws conference, with permission

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Pillars of Physical preparationwww.informedinsport.com

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Physical Preparation Technical Preparation Implicationswww.informedinsport.com

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Know Something about Everythingand Everything about SomethingOptimal Practice requires Depth and Breadth of Learning across DisciplinesAre You the Most Capable to Fulfil this Role?Best coaches worked with control freaks willing to make exception for selected individualswww.informedinsport.com

My own journey became track coach midway through career as a physical preparation specialist (track and field coach other events later)Physical preparation so inseparable from technical development then why trust a specialist the athletics coach has the best understanding of the event, argument that physical preparation should remain their domain

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The case for the specialist finite resource

gold standard(?) at a costCan Cater for Only a Limited Number of Athletes in this wayCould Your Time and Expertise be Used Better Elsewhere?


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The case for the specialist Depth of knowledge and understandinge.g. The Specificity ParadoxSpecific Adaptation to Imposed DemandsSimulation trap:Closer kinematics/bioenergetics to target activity > immediate direct transfer of trainingNotion sport-specific = training modes that resemble/simulate competitionFunctional training approaches


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all functionality is context dependent,so that one has to examineevery exercise in terms of theneuromuscular and metabolicfunctions that it is intended to improveMel siff PhDwww.informedinsport.com

Building the pillars (capacity and capability)Simulation does not provide best development of CAPACITY:Force-generating capacity of contractile machinery Size Principle re: motor unit activationStructural adaptation to build load/stress tolerance of non-contractile tissuesPhysiological adaptations underpinning work capacity e.g. polarised training for distance eventsTargeted development particular link(s) in kinetic chain


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A broader view of specificityBiomechanically Relevant proposed alternative term to specific Define Biomechanically Relevant?:Kinetics Ground Reaction Force Vectors (magnitude, direction)Angular Torques at different jointsKinematics Motion at Joints and Limb SegmentsDisplacement, Velocity (direction, speed)


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Functionality is context dependent

Biomechanically relevant?Appropriate to desired adaptationConsider also residual effects, delayed transferSets up/augments response in training blocks that follow


Dynamic correspondence?www.informedinsport.com

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Necessity of Structural adaptationYou must have good tyreswww.informedinsport.com

Polarised nature of strength/power trainingwww.informedinsport.com

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The missing steps in betweenAnalogous to exercise stratification proposed by BondarchukSpecial Preparatory Variations/Permutations of Conventional Strength ExerciseCoherent Progression


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Elite performance is achieved by doing the right things in the correct way over a consistent periodAndreas behmwww.informedinsport.com

Balancing yin of consistency and yang of training variation Goal of consistent, uninterrupted physical and technical preparationAvoid training gapsTuning requires consistencyConcept of Work Loops (Jim Martin PhD)Connective Tissues Especially Respond to Consistency in LoadingTendons Hate Change Prof Jill CookAvoid Large Spikes and/or Artificial TroughsTraining variation is a fundamental principle of trainingAvoid Plateaus in Stimulus-ResponseGuard against Training MonotonyVariation is Integral to Directing Adaptation and ProgressionVariation is Favourable for Global Athleticism and Neuroplasticitywww.informedinsport.com

Consistency and variation at the level of the macro-, meso- and microcycleIdentify Critical technical Aspects of the Event (KPIs)If CRITICAL should be Accounted for Year-RoundProgramming technical training by key themesCritical themes (variations thereof) for weekly sessions consistent across cyclesVariation achieved via coherent progression throughout macrocycle

Development Physical Determinants (KPIs) for Event should feature consistently year-roundProgramming of Physical Preparation should Mirror/Support Technical Session Themesi.e. within Micro-, Meso-, Macro-cycleVariation achieved via coherent progression across successive training blockswww.informedinsport.com

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The case for variation benefits of a broad and deep playbook for exercise selectionExposure array stimuli favours neuroplasticity, adaptabilityDeveloping Global Athleticism is Important e.g. Ashton EatonAssuming there is Purpose and Coherence Variation in Exercise Selection is Beneficialwww.informedinsport.com

Basic competencies for (All) practitioners Prerequisite knowledge (Capacity and capability):Functional AnatomyKinesiologyHuman Movement (Fundamental, including Gait)Global Athletic MovementSport, Event Specific (Technical Model)


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Attention to detail and eye for movementReinforce High standards Attention to DetailConstant Vigilance!Contingent Upon Practitioners Understanding of Athletic Movement, Specifics Technical ModelRequires Highly Developed EyeEngenders Attention, Directed Mental Effort Mutual Understanding Common Languagethe most effective screening tool is a vigilant coach- Dan pfaffwww.informedinsport.com

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Assume nothing athletes can be highly proficient compensators


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Final pillar of Physical preparation: supporting technical model/skill acquisitionConstraints-led approachTools to acquire feel relevant postures, movementsAppropriate Task Constraintse.g. Load Applied Right PlacesCreates/Provides Context, Cues Cross OverAnalogy-Based Coachingwww.informedinsport.com

Supporting technical model/skill acquisitionRate of force development trainingBallistic Movements Load Projected/Released at TerminationApplicable Throws, Jumps, Sprints Feedforward Motor ControlPre-programmed (anticipated demands)Feedforward Loop Refined Repeated Exposurewww.informedinsport.com

thank you Athletics New ZealandAltisWorldSian Victoria Allen PhD

Informed Practitioner in Sport Website Amazon Author PageYouTube ChannelTwitter FeedFurther info:www.informedinsport.com

The Yin and Yang of Technical and Physical Preparation

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