The X’Celerator, how does it work?old.vscht.cz/clab/RTG/dokumenty/panalytical/presentace... ·...
Transcript of The X’Celerator, how does it work?old.vscht.cz/clab/RTG/dokumenty/panalytical/presentace... ·...
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The X’Celerator, how does it work?
An introduction to the workshop
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Introduction
• Since 2001, we shipped almost 1000 X’Celerators
• X’Celerators can be found in almost all countries in the world
• Used in a wide variety of applications …• … and more will surely come
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The X’Celerator• 128 parallel strips on a substrate• Real Time Multiple Strip (RTMS) technology• Speed & resolution
• Housing is designed for high 2Theta range
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The X’CeleratorModes of operation
• Modes of operation:– Scanning Mode– Receiving Slit Mode– (Static Mode)
• Parameters to be controlled:– Step size & counting time– Active length– (PHD levels)
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Scanning mode
active length
Each strip acts as an individual detector
Polycrystalline sample
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What is RTMS technology? (2)X’Celerator
Polycrystalline sample
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What is RTMS technology? (3)X’Celerator
Polycrystalline sample
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What is RTMS technology? (4)X’Celerator
Polycrystalline sample
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Step sizes in scanning mode
• Step size is determined by:– strip size– goniometer radius
• Minimum step size is ≈ 0.002º 2θ @ 240 mm radius
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Active length in scanning mode
• Software allows reduction of active length• Could reduce defocusing error• Effect is hard to see in practice
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Receiving slit mode
Results from strips are added up and give one 2Theta value
“receiving slit”
+
Polycrystalline sample
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Receiving slit mode
• Allows recording of pole figures (Phi and Psi scans)
• Useful for alignment of samples etcetera• Latest software versions allow display of count
rate on console display:– choose Stationary Measurement Program– choose appropriate measurement time
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Adjustment of the PHD level
• Pulse Height Discrimination is used in the X’Celerator
• Useful for suppression of – higher harmonics – sample fluorescence
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Other devices related to the X’Celerator
• Slots in housing for – Soller slits (0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 rad)– Beta filter
• Fixed anti-scatter slits• Programmable anti-scatter slits• Beam knives• X’Celerator monochromator
– for Cu or Co radiation
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The spectrum from a Cu tube
Inte
nsity
Wavelength
Cu Kα
W Lα
Cu Kβ
• Is a an X-ray tube monochromatic?
Cu Kα1 100%Cu Kα2 50%Cu Kβ 25%W Lα <1%
+ white radiation
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The beta filter
Inte
nsity
Wavelength
Cu Kα
W Lα
Cu Kβ
Ni filter
• Material with absorption matched to anode material
Ni for Cu tubeFe for Co tube….
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Example: NIST SRM 1976 Al2O3
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
NIST SRM 1976, Al2O340000
Counts
30000
20000
10000
0
Position [°2Theta]
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Example: NIST SRM 1976 Al2O3
25 30 35 40
NIST SRM 1976, Al2O3
Al2O3 Kα1 + Kα2
Mullite (Al6Si2O13)
Al2O3 Kβ
Ni absorption edge
40000
Counts
10000
0
Position [°2Theta]
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Instruments in which the X’Celerator is used• Diffractometer:
X’Pert PRO or CubiX FAST
X’Pert PRO CubiX FAST
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Summary
• Introduction to the themes of the workshop • Overview of X’Celerator modes of operation
and options
• Questions?