The Worlds Largest AnimalsThe Worlds Largest Animals

Created by Phyllis ButlerCreated by Phyllis Butler

04/18/23 2

Marine MammalsMarine MammalsCetaceans

IntroductionToothed WhalesBaleen WhalesDolphinsPorpoises

EndangeredSireniaSirenia

ManateeManateeDugong Dugong

Steller’s Sea CowSteller’s Sea Cow

PinnipedsPinnipedsTrue SealsTrue SealsFur SealsFur SealsSea LionsSea LionsWalrusWalrus

MustelidaeMustelidae Sea OttersSea Otters River OttersRiver Otters Exxon Valdez Oil SpillExxon Valdez Oil SpillPolar BearsPolar Bears

Back to Beginning

Introduction

Marine MammalsMarine Mammals

IntroductionIntroduction

04/18/23 4

More Marine MammalsMore Marine Mammals

Sea LionGray whale

Seal Sea otter

Fur seal

Manatee

The Worlds Largest The Worlds Largest AnimalsAnimals

04/18/23 6

Whales, dolphins, porpoisesWhales, dolphins, porpoises1.Front flippers, the tail is called a fluke1.Front flippers, the tail is called a fluke

2.Streamlined for swimming 2.Streamlined for swimming 3.Blubber layer for insulation and 3.Blubber layer for insulation and buoyancy buoyancy 4.Breathe through blowhole Nostril (1 or 4.Breathe through blowhole Nostril (1 or 2)2)

90 % efficiency90 % efficiency

5.Voluntary breathing to control diving5.Voluntary breathing to control diving6.Reduced body hair to move quickly

7.Hearing is the best sense8.Young are born able to swim. Nursed

with milk 40 % fat

cetaceanscetaceans

04/18/23 7

Fig. 9.15

04/18/23 8

1.Baleen plates attached to upper jaws

Made of keratin.

Squeezes water through baleen and lick off food (plankton especially krill).

2. Two blowholes

3. Sound used to communicate

4. Less social than toothed whales

5.Shallow divers food near surface

6. Females larger than males

Includes largest animal ever on earthBlue whale – To 33.5 m long, 100+ tons)

Bowhead

MYSTICETI MYSTICETI Baleen Whales Baleen Whales 10 species10 species

04/18/23 9

WhalesWhales

FLUKE FLUKE is the is the tailtail

04/18/23 10

WhalesWhales

BALEEBALEENN

Is like Is like a a broom broom instead instead of of teeth.teeth.

04/18/23 11

WhalesWhales

Whale Whale SpoutSpout

is warm is warm air from air from exhalingexhaling..

04/18/23 12

WhalesWhales

Beautiful Beautiful BALEENBALEEN

04/18/23 13

Fig. 9.18

04/18/23 14

WhalesWhales

GRAY GRAY WHALEWHALE

04/18/23 15

Slurpers Feeding Slurpers Feeding stylestyle

Gray whales are found Gray whales are found on the Pacific coast.on the Pacific coast.

They vacuum food from They vacuum food from the ocean floor.the ocean floor.

They are called They are called “Slurpers”.“Slurpers”.

04/18/23 16

Gulpers Feeding Gulpers Feeding stylestyle

Finback whaleFinback whaleSmall dorsal fin protrudes Small dorsal fin protrudes from their back.from their back.

They feed like drinking a They feed like drinking a soda as “Gulpers”soda as “Gulpers”

04/18/23 17

Skimmers Feeding styleSkimmers Feeding styleExample right whaleExample right whale

Named because they were the right Named because they were the right whale to killwhale to kill

They are slow moving, friendly and They are slow moving, friendly and they float after they are killed.they float after they are killed.

Feeding style is slow open mouth Feeding style is slow open mouth approach as “ approach as “ SkimmersSkimmers”.”.

04/18/23 18

WhalesWhales

Whale Lice Whale Lice

04/18/23 19

spyhoppingspyhopping

SPYHOPPINGSPYHOPPING

04/18/23 20

runningrunning

HUMPBACHUMPBACKK

RunningRunning which which means means swimmingswimming

04/18/23 21

Flipper slappingFlipper slapping

Flipper Flipper SlappingSlapping

04/18/23 22

breachingbreaching

BreachinBreachingg

Jumping out of the water

04/18/23 23

Bubble nettingBubble nettingFEEDINGFEEDING

Bubble Bubble Netting isNetting is

forming a forming a circle and circle and using using bubbles bubbles as a as a barrier.barrier.

04/18/23 24

lobtailinglobtailingLOBTAILINGLOBTAILING

Pounding Pounding fluke for fluke for communicatiocommunicationn

parasite parasite removal or removal or just Fun!just Fun!

04/18/23 25

Throat groovesThroat grooves

Blue Blue WhaleWhale

Distinct Distinct Throat Throat Grooves to Grooves to open open mouth mouth widerwider

04/18/23 26

WhalesWhales

Minke Minke

is a is a smaller smaller Baleen Baleen whale.whale.

04/18/23 27

Pilot walesPilot wales

Pilot Pilot whaleswhales

Toothed Toothed whalewhale

Strand Strand more than more than any other any other whaleswhales

04/18/23 28

BLUE WHALESBLUE WHALES

There are 60-100 blue whales in the There are 60-100 blue whales in the Gulf of St. Laurence.Gulf of St. Laurence.

They can eat one ton of krill which They can eat one ton of krill which is one inch long.is one inch long.

04/18/23 29

Blue WhalesBlue Whales

04/18/23 30

Marine MammalsMarine Mammals

ODONTOCETI

TOOTHED WHALES

04/18/23 31

ODONTOCETES toothed ODONTOCETES toothed whaleswhales

1.1. Have teeth to capture prey.Have teeth to capture prey.

2.2. One blowhole.One blowhole.

3.3. Echolocation to locate prey Echolocation to locate prey (sonar)(sonar)

4.4. Very social and gregarious.Very social and gregarious.

5.5. There are 66 speciesThere are 66 species

04/18/23 32

WhalesWhales

Sperm Sperm WhaleWhale

Showing Showing FLUKE or FLUKE or tail fintail fin

04/18/23 33

D. CONSERVATION• Whales hunted extensively for

centuries• Aboriginal whaling (Eskimos)

• Non-aboriginal whaling• Began off New England by

late 1600s• 1860s – Explosive harpoon

introduced• Early 1900s –Antarctic whales

hunted• 1946 – IWC founded• 1972 – US Marine Mammal

Protection Act• 1985 – IWC moratorium on

commercial whaling• Norway, Japan, Iceland still

practice whaling

• IWC allows aboriginal whaling

04/18/23 34

WhalesWhales

Killer Killer WhaleWhale

04/18/23 35

Orca keikoOrca keiko

OrcaOrca

04/18/23 36

ToothedToothedWhalesWhales

ORCAORCA

Spy Spy hoppinghopping

04/18/23 37

Odontoceti WhalesOdontoceti Whales

BELUGBELUGAA

04/18/23 38

Odontoceti WhalesOdontoceti Whales

BelugaBeluga

Known Known as Sea as Sea canaries canaries because because they they talk talk “happy “happy talk”.talk”.

04/18/23 39

04/18/23 40

CetaceansCetaceans

•Between 1895 & 1975 overharvest drove 8 of 11 major Between 1895 & 1975 overharvest drove 8 of 11 major whale populations to commercial extinction;whale populations to commercial extinction;

Dolphins are Dolphins are MammalsMammals

04/18/23 42

Dolphin vs Porpoise

04/18/23 43

DOLPHINS vs PORPOISEsDOLPHINS vs PORPOISEsDOLPHINDOLPHIN PORPOISEPORPOISE

Beak noseBeak nose (pointed) (pointed) Blunt headBlunt head

Cone teethCone teeth Flat teethFlat teeth

Falcate dorsal finFalcate dorsal fin Triangular dorsal finTriangular dorsal fin

11 ft long11 ft long 5 ft long5 ft long

ShyShy Active ,curious, Active ,curious, playfulplayful

04/18/23 44

                               

Dolphin factsDolphin facts

Dolphins probably rank among the most Dolphins probably rank among the most intelligent marine mammals. The intelligent marine mammals. The bottlenose dolphin gets its name from its bottlenose dolphin gets its name from its bottle-shaped snout. bottle-shaped snout.

04/18/23 45

Atlantic Atlantic Bottlenose dolphinBottlenose dolphin

(Tursiops truncatus)(Tursiops truncatus)

04/18/23 46

DietDiet

Eat fish, squid, Eat fish, squid, and eelsand eelsEat 15-30 lbs. of Eat 15-30 lbs. of fish a dayfish a daySwallow prey Swallow prey wholewhole

04/18/23 47

How Does Echolocation Work?How Does Echolocation Work?

Dolphins use echolocation to find there prey and predators

Echolocation is a series of clicks and raspy sounds that send a signal back to the dolphin

04/18/23 48

Believe It Or NotBelieve It Or NotBelieve it or not Dolphins do not Believe it or not Dolphins do not fear sharks. Some dolphins are even fear sharks. Some dolphins are even stronger than sharks.stronger than sharks.

Every year many dolphins are killed due to unsafe fishing nets or polluted water! They are not endangered but they vulnerable.

CetaceansCetaceans

04/18/23 50

Porpoise are small whalesPorpoise are small whales

Harbor porpoise is Harbor porpoise is the most common the most common porpoise which porpoise which inhabits the cold inhabits the cold waters of the waters of the northern northern hemispherehemisphere. .

Unlike dolphins, Unlike dolphins, these porpoises are these porpoises are rarely seen in the rarely seen in the open ocean. open ocean.

04/18/23 51

Harbour porpoiseHarbour porpoise

Harbour porpoises are deep divers, capable of Harbour porpoises are deep divers, capable of reaching depths in excess of 800 ft.reaching depths in excess of 800 ft.

04/18/23 52

Dall’s porpoiseDall’s porpoise

Rooster TailRooster Tail

04/18/23 53

Dangerous By catchDangerous By catch

6, 215 marine mammals die 6, 215 marine mammals die annually in the U.S.annually in the U.S.

84% of Cetacean mortality due to 84% of Cetacean mortality due to by catch which occurs in gillnets.by catch which occurs in gillnets.

Gillnets are responsible for 98% of Gillnets are responsible for 98% of Pinniped by catchPinniped by catch..

04/18/23 54

Dangerous GillnetsDangerous Gillnets

Designed to trap fish by the gillsDesigned to trap fish by the gills

Drift gillnets hang below the Drift gillnets hang below the surfacesurface

Bottom set gillnets are anchored Bottom set gillnets are anchored in position along the bottomin position along the bottom

Local cetaceansLocal cetaceans

Off our beach you can seeOff our beach you can see

Bottle nose dolphinsBottle nose dolphins

PorpoisePorpoise

Humpback whalesHumpback whales

Fin whalesFin whales

04/18/23 55

04/18/23 56

SURVIVAL ThreatsSURVIVAL Threats

By-catchBy-catch

PollutionPollution– Organic compounds and metals– Marine debris

Habitat DestructionHabitat Destruction

VesselsVessels– Noise– Collisions

IWC Scientific Committee’s IWC Scientific Committee’s whale watching guidelineswhale watching guidelines

Die-offs?Die-offs?

04/18/23 57

Whaling Regulation: Very Whaling Regulation: Very Brief HistoryBrief History

1931 Convention for the Regulation 1931 Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (CRW)of Whaling (CRW)

1937 International Agreement for the 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of WhalingRegulation of Whaling

1946 ICRW (15 Nations)1946 ICRW (15 Nations)1956 Protocol 1956 Protocol

– Extends Convention to hunting by helicopters and other aircraft

1982 Moratorium on Commercial 1982 Moratorium on Commercial WhalingWhaling– Effective 1985/1986

04/18/23 58

CetaceansCetaceans

By Phyllis Butler for Kellam High SchoolBy Phyllis Butler for Kellam High School