The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web

Hyperlinks, HTML and Browsers

Winter 2008 Learning in Retirement - The Evolution of the Web 2

The World Wide Web• The World Wide Web is a system of inter-

linked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

• With a web browser, a user views web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigates between them using hyperlinks.

• The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Berners-Lee and Walker from the UK, and R. Cailliau from Belgium, working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.


The WWW – according to Webopedia

• A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents.

• The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files.

• This means you can jump from one place in a document to another, or to another document, simply by clicking on activated spots in the document.


The WWW and The Internet

• The World Wide Web, often just called “The Web”, and The Internet are not the same thing.

• In fact, an Internet and “The Internet” are not the same thing.

• There are public and private Internets.

• But – more about that later …


As Webopedia states it:

• “The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet.

• It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet. .


Internet Services• The Web is just one of the ways that information

can be disseminated over the Internet.

• The Web is only one of many services that use the communications network of the public Internet.

• Others include email, instant messaging,Voice Over IP (VoIP), file transfer, Video-on-Demand, …

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THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET

TCP/IP PROTOCOLS

PACKET-SWITCHED NETWORKS

HYPERTEXT DOCUMENTSHTTP

HTML

DNS

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Winter 2008


Again, and moving on …• World Wide Web is not synonymous

with the Internet. • Not all Internet servers are part of the

World Wide Web. • There are applications called Web

browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web;

• Two of the most popular being Netscape Navigator – which has evolved into Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft's Internet Explorer.


The Origin of the Web

• The Web grew out of an ingenious scheme for bringing documents to life by introducing a cross-referencing mechanism – called hyperlinks.


Hyperlinks From Webopedia

• A hyperlink is an element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document.

• Typically, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link.

• Hyperlinks are the most essential ingredient of all hypertext systems, including the World Wide Web.

HTML Example

o CFI grant for Prof. Green Prof. James Green (together with Prof. Michel Dumontier) have been awarded $114K from CFI's Leader's Opportunity Fund to create a high performance biomedical computing facility based on IMB's heterogeneous multi-core Cell BE processor. Although originally designed for the multimedia demands of the Sony PlayStation 3, here the Cell BE will be used to characterize proteins through real-time analysis of mass spectrometry data.A News Release can be found here.

• From: http://www.sce.carleton.ca/dept/index.shtml


http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/green

http://www.carleton.ca/duc/newsroom/archive/2007/Nov15b.html

HTML Source• <a name="newsitemEEAVyEulukBGfhwwMm"></a>CFI

grant for Prof. Green • Prof. <a href=http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/green>

James Green</a> (together with Prof. Michel Dumontier) have been awarded $114K from CFI's Leader's Opportunity Fund to create a high performance biomedical computing facility based on IMB's heterogeneous multi-core Cell BE processor. Although originally designed for the multimedia demands of the Sony PlayStation 3, here the Cell BE will be used to characterize proteins through real-time analysis of mass spectrometry data. A News Release can be found <a href=http://www.carleton.ca/duc/newsroom/archive/2007/Nov15b.html> here</a>

HTML Example• •It has a hyperlink to

• the CSE web page embedded in it: <p:onmouseclick hyperlinktype="url"

• href="http://www.sce.carleton.ca/"/><a href="http://www.sce.carleton.ca/"

• target="_parent" onclick="window.event.cancelBubble=true;">gotoscewebpage</a>.

•


Browsers

• Prior to the introduction of browsers, one could access remotely stored text documents using an appropriate Internet Protocol, referred to as IP from now on,but you had to have the correct readers and display software.

• The Web Page, as we know it, was born with the introduction of software called a Browser, which displayed properly formatted information on your computer screen.


Browsers - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

• A web browser is a software application that enables a user to

• display and interact

• with

• text, images,videos,music

• and other information


• typically located

• on a Web page

• at

• a website on the World Wide Web

• or locally.

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URL

Windows Toolbar

Google Search

Rendered version of Web Page

at www.internet.com

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A Web Page in a Browser


Web Browser

• Web browsers allow a user to quickly and easily access information provided on many Web pages at many websites by traversing these links.

• Web browsers format HTML information for display, so the appearance of a Web page may differ between browsers.


• Web browsers are the most commonly used type of HTTP user agent.

• Some of the Web browsers available for personal computers include • Internet Explorer, • Mozilla Firefox, • Safari, • Opera, and • Netscape


Browser History: http://www.eskimo.com/~bloo/indexdot/history/netscape.htm

• In mid-1994, Silicon Graphics founder Jim Clark collaborated with Marc Andreessen to found Mosaic Communications (later renamed to Netscape Communications.)

• Andreessen had just graduated from the University of Illinois, where he had been the leader of a certain software project known as "Mosaic".

• By this time, the Mosaic browser was starting to make splashes outside of the academic circles where it had begun, and both men saw the great potential for web browsing software. Within a brief half-year period, many of the original folk from the NCSA Mosaic project were working for Netscape, and a browser was released to the public.


Netscape• Netscape quickly became a success, and the

overwhelming market share it soon had was due to many factors, not the least of which was its break-neck pace of software releases (a new term was soon coined - "internet time" - which described the incredible pace at which browsers and the web were moving.)

• It also created and innovated at an incredible

pace. New HTML capabilities in the form of "extensions" to the language were introduced.


• Since these capabilities were often flashier than what other run-of-the-mill browsers could produce, Netscape's browser helped cement their own dominance.

• By the summer of 1995, it was a good bet that if you were browsing the Internet, you were doing so with a Netscape browser - by some accounts Netscape had as much as an 80%+ market share.


Microsoft• With the launch of Windows 95 and a

web browser of its own (Internet Explorer) in August 1995, Microsoft began an effort to challenge Netscape.

• For quite a while, Internet Explorer played catch-up to Netscape's continual pushing of the browsing technological envelope, but with one major advantage: unlike Netscape, Internet Explorer was free of charge.


• Netscape version 2.0 introduced a bevy of must-have breakthrough features (frames, Java, Javascript and Plug-ins) which helped distance it from the pack, even *with* its attendant price tag.

• Mid-1995 to late-1996 was a very busy time for both browsers; it seemed like every week one company or the other was releasing a new beta or final version to the public, each seemingly trying to one-up the other.


Mozilla

• Mozilla was the code name for Netscape browser developments.

• The Mozilla Firefox browser is preferred over MS Internet Explorer by many professionals.

• It is free at http://en.www.mozilla.com/en/firefox/


Market Share - Browsers

The World Wide Web

Documents

Transcript of The World Wide Web