The World in 1500
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Transcript of The World in 1500
The World in 1500What are the big superpowers of the day and why should I care?
China and Japan
Our World The big idea is for you to know how much the Europeans changed the world in the 1500sbut first...
You have to know what that world was like in order to understand that big change the Europeans wrought
Our World We will discuss the major trade, political forms, and society of:
* Ottoman Empire
* Mughal Empire
* Safavid/Persian Empire
* Chinese Empire
* Songhai Empire
* Aztec, Mayan, Incan Empire
The World in 1500The Mighty
Asian Empires of China and Japn
and some not so mighty....and we will talk about the largest drug dealer ever.....
This dynasty overthrew Mongol rule and
controlled China for 300 years.
They brought peace to China and a period of
exploration.
The Ming Dynasty
The first emperor of the Ming Dynasty introduced harsher laws, restored Confucianism
and the Civil Service
Hung Wo
The four social classes under the strict system of Confucianism are
SamuraiFarmersArtisans
Merchants
Important Principals of Confucianism
1. Every person should willingly accept their role in society and they should perform the duties of that role
2. The gov’t leaders should be virtuous which is correct behavior towards others. Instead of wealth, rulers should seek honesty and honor
Early Capitol of the Ming Dynasty
Modern Day Capitol of China?
Beijing
The part of Beijing where the Emperor and his family
lives?Forbidden City
Since the Ming emperors were considered the sons of Heaven, they were, by definition, superior to all other people on earth. They had no interest in the outside world and so this powerful nation, with probably the best technology, intelligence and natural resources, doomed itself to fall behind a rapidly expanding and energetic Europe.
The World in 1500The China lure....
The Chinese didn’t need anything from Europe!But they had many items Europeans wanted....
TeaGunpowderPorcelain
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What are the main items Europeans want from China?Porcelain....duh! it is called
china
Tea - easily the world’s most popular drink
Two important port cities in China?
What is the problem as far as Europeans are concerned?
China won’t sell!
Luckily, the Europeans will discover India - the home of the mighty_________ empire.
Eventually.....like in the 1700’s Britain will control India.
The world’s largest private corporation will be created to manage and trade goods from India. The ____________________________
Mughal
British East India Tea Company
Now, what does this have to do with drug dealing?
The Great Appeal of China
If only we could sell one _________ to each Chinese person our factories could be in business forever.
Entering China Through Trade
•It’s the early 1800s and William Delano went out in the world to make money. He went to China but the Chinese didn’t need anything and he didn ’t have anything unusual to offer.
http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/data/upimages/us_opium.jpg
Trade problems
•Problem is the Chinese gov’t won’t allow opium to be traded.
•Really, that isn’t a problem because the British want to introduce opium trade too...because, goodness knows, China won’t sell any tea from the East India Tea Company (the British mighty-big corportation)
Trade Wars
•British owned East India Tea Company became the biggest drug dealer in the world....and the Chinese people became the victims
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/opium.gif
The Opium Wars of 1839Not only was the war the most humiliating defeat the Chinese had ever suffered, but it was also an example of how weak and vulnerable the Chinese are once their doors are opened to foreigners. For this reason, and many others, nationalist societies in China have struggled (and continue) to keep the destructive foreigners out.
Trade Wars lead to Civil Wars in China
•With the Opium introduction, the British also introduced missionaries to spread the word of Christianity. Missionaries in China become a well-established pattern that continues today.
•The mix of drug and religion contributes to MAJOR CIVIL WAR 1850s
•Begins with the Taiping Rebellion - strange mixture of gender equality and sex.
25 Million Dead!US Civil War 1861-1865 620,000 dead
What happened to William Delano?
•He made a fortune in the Opium trade. Married and moved his family to New York City.
•He had a daughter named Sarah. She married the neighbor’s son James Roosevelt.
•They had a son.
•Franklin Delano Roosevelt
But back to the 1500s.
300 hundred years later 1644
and out of the weakness of the Ming Dynasty a new dynastic family takes over. They will rule China until the
early 1900s when China falls to eventual Communist ruleTheir name means “pure”
They came from the north - Manchuria
Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
Qing DynastyManchus who took over and became the Qing
Dynasty
There was a rebellion in the late 1700s that greatly
weakened the Qing Dynasty and destroyed most of southern
China
White Lotus Rebellion 1796
By the mid 1800s, the tea trade with the British East India Company became
vicious....the European powers demanded more access to trade items in China...and
China was weakened by strife
China won’t trade with Europeans.
They will only allow trade in small restricted areas in coastal cities. They are called special enclaves.They are certain areas that allow very limited trade with foreigners.This is one reason why China does not modernize until later and also why they stay so unique in their culture
There was a rebellion in the mid 1800s that greatly
weakened the Qing Dynasty and destroyed most of southern
China
Taiping Rebellion of 1851-1866
And in Japan?
Japanese Empire
Japanese EmpireOld capitol was
Edo
Today that little fishing
village is Tokyo
Japan 1500Who ruled?
Ruled by an Emperor- but he had no powerWho had the power?
Japan 1500Who ruled?
Sure there was an emperor but the real power was held by the top military man - the Shogun
Japan 1500The biggest, baddest Shogun was a man namedTokugawa Ieyasu
This military society/feudal society practiced a code of behavior much like the European code of chivalry. It was called____________
bushido = “the way of the warrior”
Japan 1500
Daimyo
The feudal lords of Japan were called
Japan 1500
Shogun
The military ruler of Japan was called
Japan 1500
Tokugawa Ieyasu
He completed the unification of Japan, was named Shogun and moved the capitol to Edo
Japan 1500
Tokugawa
This was a combination of feudalism and central govt in Japan
Japan 1500
Portuguese
The first Europeans to reach Japan?
Japan 1500The first Portuguese were Catholic missionaries and traders.
Francis Xavier
Japan 1500
Japan, like China, limited the foreign influence in its country. Japan was virtually isolated from the outside world
not much
What did the Japanese Shogunates think of the Europeans who showed up in the late 1500s/1600s?
Japan 1500
An Act of Seclusion
No Japanese could leave the country without the threat of execution
Japan 1500
Japan adopts Zen Buddhism