The Works of Thomas Hardy By: Kaitlin Hoak. Thomas Hardy ❏ Born of Thomas and Jemima on June 2 nd...
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Transcript of The Works of Thomas Hardy By: Kaitlin Hoak. Thomas Hardy ❏ Born of Thomas and Jemima on June 2 nd...
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The Works of Thomas HardyBy: Kaitlin Hoak
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Thomas Hardy
❏ Born of Thomas and Jemima on June 2nd 1840; in Dorset, England. ❏ Often ill as a child, he spent most of his time
indoors.❏ His mother taught him to read and write
before the age of four.❏ After finishing school, Hardy became
employed by an architecture company.❏ In 1874, he married Emma Gifford.❏ Began writing novels and poetry, but was
unable to become published.
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❏ When he achieved publication, his work was highly criticized.❏ His works contained topics that denounced religion, and marriage
laws, and supported women's rights, and oppressed labourers.
❏ These controversial issues put a strain on his marriage.
❏ Emma and Hardy verbally abused and insulted each other for years.
❏ In 1912 Emma unexpectedly died.❏ In 1914 Hardy married his assistant
Florence Dugdale.❏ Hardy passed away in 1928.
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Tess of the D’Urbervilles❏ A poverty stricken family, the Durbeyfields, discover they have ties to the royal
D’Urberville blood line.❏ Durbeyfields send their daughter Tess to “claim-kin” with them.❏ When she arrived at the D’Urberville estate, her arrogant cousin,
Alec D’Urberville, attempts to seduce her.❏ One evening Alec overpowered and raped her.❏ The rape resulted in a child whom later died.❏ To escape the ridicule of her hometown, Tess travels to a distant
farm to work as a dairymaid.❏ One the farm Tess, and a man named Angel Clare fall in love.❏ Tess and Angel became engaged, and after their wedding, Tess
told him about her past history with Alec.❏ Angel was furious, within the next few days, Angel and Tess go their separate ways.
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❏ Tess returned home to her family, but soon again left to support herself through odd jobs.
❏ After a period of time, she decided to approach the Clare family, to establish if they had any new information on Angel.
❏ Upon reaching the Clare’s residence, she soon retreated out of fear. ❏ On her way home, she passed a man preaching to a crowd, and was shocked to find
it to be Alec D’Urberville.❏ When Tess informs him of their child who had died, he begs for her hand in
marriage. ❏ Tess’s father soon dies and her family is evicted from
their home. ❏ Alec offers to support her and her family, so she accepts.❏ Angel then returns home and begins looking for
Tess, only to find her already with Alec.❏ Tess murders Alec for destroying her life.❏ Angel forgives her, but their reunion is brief, because Tess is later arrested and executed.
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Literary Devices
Motif “a recurring word, phrase, image, object, idea or action.. [that] function as unifying devices and often relate directly to one or more major themes” (“Motif”)
❏ A recurring image throughout Tess of the D’Urbervilles are the colors red and white.
❏ These colors are significant because, red generally symbolizes passion and desire (“The Color Red”), where white symbolizes purity and innocence (“The Color White”).
❏ One example of a motif in the story occurs soon after Tess kills Alec, “the oblong white ceiling, with this scarlet blot in the midst” (Tess of the D’Urbervilles 489).
❏ The white ceiling, with the red blood, hung over the room and those inside, like the incident with Alec hung over Tess's life.
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Foreshadowing “to show, indicate, or suggest in advance” (“Foreshadow”)
❏ Foreshadowing, in this story, subtly hinted towards the futures of the characters, yet did not change their fate.
❏ One example of foreshadowing in the story was when Alec said; “I was your maser once! I will be your master again.” (Tess of the D’Urbervilles 423).
❏ This was important because it showed the cruel way Alec treated Tess in the past, yet the statement came true because Tess again fell under Alec’s control.
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Mood “the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates… [through the] use of connotation, imagery, figurative language, sound and rhythm, and descriptive details” (“Mood”)
❏ The mood is an important aspect because it creatively enhances the story, by taking a character'semotions, and causing them to manifest into the world around them.
❏ After Tess lost her baby, she moved away from her home, and onto a dairy farm. It was here where “her hopes mingled with the sunshine… she heard a pleasant voice in every breeze, and in every bird’s note seemed to lurk a joy” (Tess of the D’Urbervilles 138).
❏ The farm was a joyful new beginning for Tess and this description is a reflection of her enthusiasm.
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Review
❏ Genuinely intriguing from beginning to end. ❏ The story evokes various thoughts and emotions including; sympathy, remorse, joy,
confusion, anger, and disappointment, all over a short period of time.❏ Tess is easily relatable to for her independence, strength, and dignity,
throughout a lifetime of hardships❏ This story offers a glimpse at life in the 1800’s; the views of society,
life of the wealthy and poor, and opinions on women and men.❏ It was easy to become engulfed in Tess’s emotions, and long for her
happiness. ❏ You follow her through as she carries around her shame and guilt, loses her one true love, and again becomes tempted by her seducer.
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The Mayor of Casterbridge❏ Michael Henchard, auctions off his wife and daughter, Susan and Elizabeth-Jane,
at a fair after becoming intoxicated. ❏ Eighteen years later Susan and Elizabeth-Jane search for him,
find him to be the Mayor of Casterbridge.❏ When Henchard discovers they are in town he meets with Susan
and immediately plans to rekindle their relationship.❏ Henchard and Susan soon marry, and he wants Elizabeth-Jane to
take his last name, but she is unaware that he is her true father. ❏ Susan later dies, and Henchard tells Elizabeth-Jane the truth, but
later finds a letter written by Susan, claiming Elizabeth-Jane was not his daughter.
❏ Meanwhile, Henchard’s apprentice; Donald Farfrae, is becoming increasingly popular throughout the town and with Elizabeth-Jane.
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❏ Henchard and Farfrae ceased working together, as well as their friendship.❏ With the end of he and Farfrae’s friendship, Henchard became bitter, estranged
from the community, and fell bankrupt.❏ Elizabeth-Jane moved in with a woman named Lucetta, who was Henchard’s ex
lover, but later becomes engaged to Farfrae.❏ Word that Henchard and Lucetta had past relations was announced, and Lucetta
fell tremendously ill.❏ Lucetta soon died, and Elizabeth-Jane was there to
comfort Farfrae.❏ When Elizabeth-Jane and Farfrae become engaged,
Henchard leaves Casterbridge. ❏ After the wedding Elizabeth-Jane attempts to search
for Henchard, but discovers that he had just passedaway.
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Characterization “the techniques that a writer uses to develop characters” (“Characterization”)
❏ Characterization was important to this story because it helped to establish,or abolish, relationship between characters, based on their attitudestowards each other.
❏ One example of direct characterization was when Henchard's “sinister qualities, formerly latent, [had] quickened into life” (The Mayor of Casterbridge 405), after he began his feud with Farfrae.
❏ Henchard became extremely bitter and spiteful when he ended his friendshipwith Farfrae.
Literary Devices
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Conflict “a struggle between opposing forces that is the basis of a story’s plot.” (“Conflict”)
❏ The conflict in this story began as an internal conflict within Henchard, then developed into an external conflict against another character, then an external
conflict against society. ❏ After falling bankrupt, and becoming employed by Farfrae,
Henchard says; “here be I, his former master, working for him asman, and he the man standing as master, with my house and myfurniture and my what-you-may-call wife all his own.” (The Mayor of Casterbridge 387).
❏ Henchard feels as though he has been replaced by Farfrae, andseeks revenge, causing the town to further dislike him.
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Mood As previously described.
❏ When Henchard was a miserable, alcoholic man, who auctioned off his family, his surroundings “entered the blackened-green stage of colour that the doomed leaves pass through on their way to dingy, and yellow, and red” (The Mayor of Casterbridge 6).
❏ The mood was important to the story because, it often clearly mimicked and enhanced, the cheerful or dismal, circumstances under which the characters were living.
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Review❏ Like any traditional tragedy, the novel begins on a dismal level, rises towards a glimmer of
hope, then returns to a dismal end.❏ The characters do not appear as though they effect the story emotionally,
but you grow to connect with them on an emotional level.❏ This story holds less of the romantic aspect, and more of a
disarray of relationships❏ All the relationships intertwine in some way, yet Hardy kept
the relationships clearly stated and simple to follow.❏ Though the story lacked intriguing romantic connections, it was still
an exceptional novel.
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Other Works1871- Desperate Remedies1872- Under the Greenwood Tree1873- A Pair of Blue Eyes
1876- Far from the Madding Crowd, and The Hand of Ethelberta
1879- The Trumpet Major, and The Return of
the Native1881- A Leadocien 1882- Two on a Tower1887- The Woodlanders1897- Jude the Obscure, and The
Well-Beloved1898- Wessex Poems1908- The Dynasts
1909- Time’s Laughingstocks1914- Satires of Circumstance1917- Moments of Vision1928- Winter Words in Various Moods and
Meters
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Works Cited❏ Characterization.” Holt McDougal Literature Grade 12. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company, 2012. Print. R107.❏ “Conflict.” Holt McDougal Literature Grade 12. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company, 2012. Print. R107.❏ “Foreshadow.” Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th
Edition. HarperCollins Publishers. 27 Dec. 2013.<http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/foreshadow>
❏ Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. Los Angeles: LRS, 2000. Print.❏ Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Amersham: Transatlantic, 2012. Print.❏ “Mood.” Holt McDougal Literature Grade 12. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company, 2012. Print. R115.❏ “Motif.” Holt McDougal Literature Grade 12. Orlando: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Publishing Company, 2012. Print. R115.❏ “The Color Red.” Judy Scott-Kemmis. 2013. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/color-red.html>❏ “The Color White.” Judy Scott-Kemmis. 2013. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/color-white.html> ❏ “Thomas Hardy.” Poets.org. 1997. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/110>❏ “Thomas Hardy: Biography.” Victorian Web. 23 Jan. 2011. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/hardy/bioov.html>❏ “Thomas Hardy: Biography.” John Simkin. June 2013. Web. 21 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jhardy.htm>
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