The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's...

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The Women’s The Women’s Movement of the Movement of the 1970s to Today 1970s to Today

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Transcript of The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's...

Page 1: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

The Women’s The Women’s Movement of the Movement of the 1970s to Today 1970s to Today

Page 2: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

The Legislative Road to The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972)Title IX (1972)

As the women's rights As the women's rights movement gained momentum in movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s, the 1960s and 1970s, Americans focused on Americans focused on inequities that inhibited the inequities that inhibited the progress of females in progress of females in education. education.

Gender bias moved into the Gender bias moved into the public policy realm when Rep. public policy realm when Rep. Edith Green introduced a Edith Green introduced a higher bill with provisions for higher bill with provisions for gender equity. gender equity.

President Nixon signed Title IX President Nixon signed Title IX in June 1972.in June 1972.

The final regulations were The final regulations were published in July 1974. published in July 1974.

President Gerald Ford signed President Gerald Ford signed the Title IX regulations in May the Title IX regulations in May 1975 .1975 .Rep. Edith Green

Page 3: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Proposed Equal Rights Proposed Equal Rights AmendmentAmendment

3 years after women won the 3 years after women won the right to vote, the Equal right to vote, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was Rights Amendment (ERA) was introduced in Congress by introduced in Congress by Sen. Curtis and Rep. Sen. Curtis and Rep. Anthony. Anthony.

It was authored by Alice Paul, It was authored by Alice Paul, head of the National Women's head of the National Women's Party, who led the suffrage Party, who led the suffrage campaign. campaign.

Echoing the efforts of Alice Echoing the efforts of Alice Paul, the Amendment was Paul, the Amendment was introduced into each session introduced into each session of Congress since 1923 to of Congress since 1923 to 1970.1970.

Alice Paul

Page 4: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Phyllis Schlafly and the Phyllis Schlafly and the ERAERA

One item on the agenda of One item on the agenda of social conservatives in the social conservatives in the 1970's was the defeat of the 1970's was the defeat of the ERA. ERA.

Many felt that felt that Many felt that felt that "traditional family values" "traditional family values" had been undermined by the had been undermined by the women's movement. women's movement.

Others were repelled by what Others were repelled by what they believed was they believed was intervention by the state into intervention by the state into the private sphere. the private sphere.

The campaign to stop The campaign to stop ratification was led by activist ratification was led by activist and self-described and self-described homemaker Phyllis Schlafly. homemaker Phyllis Schlafly.

ERA died in 1982, just three ERA died in 1982, just three votes short of passage.votes short of passage.

Page 5: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Defeat of the ERADefeat of the ERA The statute passed by The statute passed by

Congress in March 1972. Congress in March 1972. The amendment provided The amendment provided

that ratifications must occur that ratifications must occur within 7 years.  within 7 years. 

35 states out of the 38 35 states out of the 38 needed ratified by 1978.  needed ratified by 1978. 

Congress extended the Congress extended the deadline to June 1982.deadline to June 1982.

The amendment failed to The amendment failed to achieve the necessary 38 achieve the necessary 38 ratifications.ratifications.

Page 6: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Text of Proposed ERAText of Proposed ERA

Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex. State on account of sex.

Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. this article.

Section 3.  This amendment shall take effect two Section 3.  This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification. years after the date of ratification.

Page 7: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Shirley Chisholm’s Shirley Chisholm’s Presidential Candidacy Presidential Candidacy

(1973)(1973) After successfully being After successfully being

elected to Congress, Shirley elected to Congress, Shirley Chisholm’s next political Chisholm’s next political move was a run at the move was a run at the presidency. presidency.

From the beginning Chisholm From the beginning Chisholm knew her chances were slim, knew her chances were slim, but to the surprise of other but to the surprise of other candidates and the American candidates and the American public, her campaign was public, her campaign was more successful and more successful and inspirational than ever inspirational than ever thought possible. thought possible.

Page 8: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Geraldine Ferraro: Vice-Geraldine Ferraro: Vice-Presidential Candidate Presidential Candidate

(1984)(1984) A teacher and then attorney, A teacher and then attorney,

Ferraro became a Ferraro became a Congressional Representative Congressional Representative of New York in 1978. of New York in 1978.

She was a women's and She was a women's and human rights advocate, human rights advocate, working for passage of the working for passage of the ERA, sponsoring the Women's ERA, sponsoring the Women's Economic Equity Act, and Economic Equity Act, and seeking job training for seeking job training for displaced homemakers. displaced homemakers.

In 1984, Ferraro ran for Vice In 1984, Ferraro ran for Vice President with former Vice President with former Vice President Walter Mondale. President Walter Mondale.

The ticket lost, but Ferraro's The ticket lost, but Ferraro's candidacy reshaped the candidacy reshaped the American political and social American political and social landscape. landscape.

Page 9: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Women in PoliticsWomen in Politics

Page 10: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

Women in PoliticsWomen in Politics

Page 11: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,
Page 12: The Women’s Movement of the 1970s to Today. The Legislative Road to Title IX (1972) As the women's rights movement gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s,

CitationsSlide 2: http://clerk.house.gov/images/weekinhistory/day7lg.jpgSlide 3: http://www.alicepaul.org/images/Alice%20chair.jpgSlide 4: http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1977/1101771226_400.jpgSlide 5: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/aw03e/images/awh03e01.jpgSlide 6: http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/era.htmSlide 7: http://www.utexas.edu/lbj/news/spring2005/graphics/chisholm.jpgSlide 8: http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/USPics45/1984ferraro.jpgSlide 9: http://www.footnote.tv/ftvcic02.htmlSlide 10: http://www.footnote.tv/ftvcic02.htmlSlide 11: http://www.withington.manchester.sch.uk/downloads/Content/prospectus%20images/89ssEngClassroom.jpg


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