THE WEST POST CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 13. 13.1 CULTURES CLASH ON THE PRARIE ✕ We will study in this...
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Transcript of THE WEST POST CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 13. 13.1 CULTURES CLASH ON THE PRARIE ✕ We will study in this...
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THE WEST POST CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 13
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13.1 CULTURES CLASH ON THE PRARIE
✕ We will study in this chapter: The rise of corporations, heavy industry, mechanized farming and technological innovations transformed the American economy from an agrarian to an increasingly urban industrial society.
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VOCABTRY TO DEFINE THESE WORDS IN YOUR NOTEBOOK LEAVE SPACE IF NOT SURE
✕ Great Plains✕ Treaty of Fort Laramie✕ Sitting Bull✕ George A. Custer✕ Assimilation✕ Dawes Act✕ Battle of Wounded Knee✕ Longhorn✕ Chisholm Trail✕ Long Drive
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–Unique & highly developed Native American ways existed on the Great Plains –the grassland extending through the west-central portion of the U.S.
– The horse and buffalo•Horses•The buffalo was used for many purposes:
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Clash of cultures•Clash of cultures → owning land:
Native Americans vs.Settlers
•The lure of silver and gold–Discovery of gold in Colorado in 1858–Mining camps were rough areas
•Virginia City, Nevada•Helena, Montana
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Assimilation:– The Dawes Act
• Passed by Congress in 1887 to “Americanize” Native Americans
• Broke up reservations
• Gave 160 acres to each head of household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult
• By 1932, whites had taken 2/3 of the land set aside for Native Americans
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– Between 1883 and 1887 a destructive pattern of dry summers and harsh winters wiped out many cattle herds
– Ranchers began to fence off their land using barbed wire, invented by Joseph F. Glidden
• a. Barbed wire was cheap and easy to use
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Settling on the Great PlainsCh. 13 Section 2
Objective: Understand how the Great Plains transformed and the hardships that settlers faced○ Heading West○ Railroads open the west
■1850-1871 → the federal gov’t. made land grants to the RRs
■Two major companies
● Union Pacific● Central Pacific
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• Homestead Act• Passed in 1862• 160 acres of land free to any citizen who was the head of
the household• Exodusters: African-Americans who moved from the post-
Reconstruction South• In 1889 a major land giveaway takes place in Oklahoma
• Some claim land before the event starts →Oklahoma• Eventually we no longer have an unexplored frontier
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– Hardships- droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, locust plagues, and occasional raids by outlaws and Native Americans
– Dugouts were homes built into the land
– Soddy: a sod home– Women’s work– Technical support for
farmers
In 1837, John Deere invented a steel plow that could cut through heavy soil
In 1847 Cyrus McCormick began to mass-produce the reaping machine
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– Agricultural Education• Morrill Act of 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to the
states to help finance agricultural colleges– HANDOUT
• Hatch Act of 1887 established ag. experiment stations to inform farmers of new developments
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• Between 1885-1890, much of the plains experiences drought, and the large, single crop farms could not compete
• RRs would charge higher rates for western farmers
• When there was no competition, the RRs would charge more for a short haul than a long one
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13.3Farmers Unite to Address Common Problems
– Late 1800’s farmers stuck in a vicious economic cycle. – Farmers would mortgage their farms to buy more land
and produce more crops– Land was becoming scarce/ Railroads taking
advantage of farmers.
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Farmers’ Alliances
• 1867 – Oliver Hudson Kelley – started the Grange– Originally supposed to provide a social outlet and an
education forum for isolated farm families– Ended up fighting railroads
• Farmers’ Alliances– Sent lecturers from town to town to educate people
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Populism
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– The movement of the people / Populist or People’s party
– Economic reforms• Increase in money supply, a graduated income tax, federal
loan program.– Political
• Election of U.S. senators by popular vote, single terms for the president and vice president
• Called for 8 hour work day• Restrictions on immigration
– Eventually became the platform of the Democratic Party
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Panic of 1893
– Railroads grew faster than markets. In February 1893, six railroad companies went bankrupt.
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Republicans and Democrats split
– Republicans– Democrats– Major debate was over money
• Bimetallism – monetary system in which the government would give citizens either gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks
• Gold standard – backing dollars solely with gold
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• Populist party chooses– Join forces?– Nominate their own candidates?
• Republicans nominate William McKinley• Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan
– Dilemma• Endorsed Bryan, nominated their own candidate, Thomas Watson
of Georgia for VP, kept party organization in tact
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• End of Populism– Election techniques
• Bryan• McKinley• McKinley wins election carried the East, Bryan carried
South and farm Midwest
– Marked the end of populism• Silver Lining!
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