The Web of Things
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Transcript of The Web of Things
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The Web of Things WoT Now
@frankgreco
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Background
§ Director of Technology @ Kaazing § Chairman NYJavaSIG (javasig.com) § Largest Java UG in North America
8,000+ members § [email protected], @frankgreco § Principal Evangelist - Kaazing § [email protected], @krhoyt § “IoT and the New Web”
5pm today N-121
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Everyone wants to play in the IoT game
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History
History
A Primary Tenet of Computing
If History Repeats Itself, Is There No Future?
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u Internet – Global system of interconnected networks that use IP to communicate
u Internetworking – Connecting one network with another through a series of Gateways that provide a common method of communication
Let’s Take 1 Step Back to go 2 Steps Ahead…
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u A popular application service on the Internet
u Based on TCP/IP
u Advantages
§ Application deployment simplified – URI
§ Interoperable open standards and specifications
§ Ease of programmability – scripting
§ Global reach and Economy of scale
§ Accessed by ubiquitous Browsers and also non-Browsers
u Two major protocols
HTTP (1988/1999) and WebSocket (2007/2011)
The Web
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u A riff on “Ubiquitous Computing” (“Pervasive”)
• Mark Weisner PARC 1988
u Its early so there’s different definitions
• Similar to early days of Cloud Computing
u M2M has been around for decades.
• Primarily proprietary embedded systems and typically point-to-point (RPC)
u IoT/IIoT (Industrial IoT)
• Adds Internet connectivity
• Networks of M2M systems connected via IP
Now… IoT, IIoT and M2M
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u No formal API standards
u Many protocol standards – interoperability low
u No common, wide-reaching frameworks
u No composition possibilities
u Difficult to leverage economies of scale
u Barrier to entry is high for millions of app developers
u M2M/IIoT is foreign to most app developers
u Also… we’re in a connected world now cloud, mobile, web APIs
IoT/IIoT – Connectivity isn’t Sufficient
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u IoT – Internet of Things • Embedded computing endowed with Internet connectivity
u WoT – Web of Things • Application and Services layer over IoT
u Apply the benefits of the Web to IoT u WoT is a uniform interface to access IoT functionality
u Provides the abstraction for control/monitoring (sensors/actuators)
u Accelerates innovation u Deployment, development, interoperability, economy of
scale… u Why is this important?... Evolution
Here’s Where the Web Comes In
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The Hidden Web – Most of the Web is Not Visible
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/iceberg-23503494.jpg
browsers
APIs
Services
$2B API Revenue
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Analytics / CEP
Developers!
The Web of Things is all about IoT SERVICES!
Monitoring / Management
Persistence Engine
Services
Security
Connectivity
Internet of
Documents
Internet of
Services
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u Disadvantages of HTTP Request/Response u Lack of resiliency and robustness u Enterprise events retrieved by resource intensive polling
techniques • Much bandwidth is wasted • Information can be delayed
u Composite services brittle and lack transactionality u Enterprises learned advantages of ESB 10+ years ago u See failures of CORBA, Sun RPC, etc. u Clumsy AJAX/Comet workarounds to simulate real-time
But Is HTTP the Right Choice for Every Service?
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There are TWO Web Protocols
Request-Response, Synchronous
Event-based, Asynchronous
WebSocket
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Risk Management
Big Data
The World is Naturally Event-based (“real-time”)
Logistics Music Presentation
Communication
Health Monitoring
Home Security
Remote Control
Local Transportation
Intelligent Appliances
Monitoring and Management
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u Designed for document transfer – HTTP
ü Short-lived Request / Response interaction
u Bidirectional, but half-duplex
ü Traffic flows in only one direction at a time
u Stateless
ü Large amounts of metadata resent for each request
The Web was not originally designed for “real-time”, event-based services…
Legacy Web
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u IETF Protocol and W3C JavaScript API for real-time, bi-directional, always-on connections
u RFC 6455 – Dec 2011
u Easily add event-based data to web apps ü ws://mycompany.com/collaboration_svc
ü wss://anothercompany.com/marketdata
u Avoids polling
u Avoids HTTP meta-data overhead
u Shares port with HTTP (80/443)
u Traverses Firewalls
WebSocket – “TCP for the Web”
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WebSocket
TCP/IP
JMS XMPP AMQP B2B FTP VNC MQTT etc
Browser and Native Applications
WebSocket Gateway
Internet
WebSocket Gateway
Protocol Layering is Possible
WebSocket is a Transport
layer!
svc svc svc svc svc svc
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Typically an App Server and DB
App Server is probably not the
right architecture
Human Web
WoT
Large data to client
Small data to server
Data Flow – Human Web vs WoT
Do human-readable protocols make sense for non-humans?
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GW
GW
GW
IoT/IIoT
WoT
WoT
WoT
Event Gateway Architecture
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GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
GW
Aggregator nodes
• Scalability • Querying • Performance • Manageability • Composition • Circles of Trust • Event processing • CDN++
Event Gateway Architecture – Future Directions
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“…terse, self-classified messages, networking overhead isolated to a specialized tier of devices, and publish/subscribe relationships are the only way to fully distill the power of the coming Internet of Things” – Francis daCosta
The Message is the Medium
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RPC
Asynchronous RPC
Messaging
Enterprise Web/WoT
REST
Asynchronous REST
Messaging
• Can wait for response • Tight coupling • Centralized business
processes • Vertical interaction • Easy to understand (xact)
• Future response • Loose coupling • Independent business
processes • More complexity (xact)
Did I mention History repeats itself?...
ESB ISB?
History Repeats Itself…
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Web of Things
http://www.w3.org/2014/02/wot/
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Click to Edit Master Title Style
Demos
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Thank You!
@frankgreco