The The Water Water CycleCycle

Soo ParkSoo Park

Alex ReynoldsAlex Reynolds

Kate SchmidtKate Schmidt

Connie WooConnie Woo

Christine Zackrison Christine Zackrison

Arguably the most important natural phenomenon on Earth, the water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the constant movement and endless recycling of water between the atmosphere, land surface, and under the ground. The hydrologic cycle supplies the force needed for most natural processes, thus supporting life itself.

The Water The Water MoleculeMolecule

H20 consists of one atom H20 consists of one atom of oxygen bound to two of oxygen bound to two atoms of hydrogen. The atoms of hydrogen. The water molecule has a water molecule has a positive charge on the side positive charge on the side of hydrogen atoms and a of hydrogen atoms and a negative charge on the negative charge on the other side. Water other side. Water molecules tend to attract molecules tend to attract each other because the each other because the positive ends attract to the positive ends attract to the negative ends.negative ends.

Water is a Water is a “universal “universal solvent: and solvent: and wherever it wherever it goes goes throughout the throughout the water cycle, it water cycle, it takes up takes up valuable valuable chemicals, chemicals, minerals and minerals and nutrients.nutrients.

CondensatiCondensationon

The change from a liquid The change from a liquid to a gas. In the water to a gas. In the water cycle, the change from cycle, the change from water to water vapor.water to water vapor.

Condensation Condensation & Convection& Convection

Warm air risesWarm air rises Air cools and Air cools and

can no longer can no longer hold vaporhold vapor

Process Process known as known as CONVECTIONCONVECTION

Condensation & Condensation & Cloud Cloud FormationFormation

Cooling of water Cooling of water vapor forms vapor forms CLOUDSCLOUDS

Other ways Other ways clouds are clouds are formedformed ConvergenceConvergence Lifting of air by Lifting of air by

frontsfronts

PrecipitationPrecipitation

SnowSnow Snow is a type of Snow is a type of

precipitation like precipitation like rain but at cooler rain but at cooler temperaturestemperatures

Usually reaches Usually reaches the ground and the ground and staysstays

Eventually melts Eventually melts and becomes and becomes runoff in streamsrunoff in streams

RainRain Type of Type of

precipitation during precipitation during warmer weatherwarmer weather

Occurs when clouds Occurs when clouds become too fullbecome too full

Falls to earth in the Falls to earth in the form of water and form of water and runs off to streams runs off to streams & rivers& rivers

Freshwater Freshwater StorageStorage

Water may be Water may be stored temporarily stored temporarily in the ground, in the ground, oceans, lakes, oceans, lakes, rivers, and ion ice rivers, and ion ice caps and glaciers.caps and glaciers.

The world’s two The world’s two main reservoirs of main reservoirs of fresh water are the fresh water are the great polar ice caps, great polar ice caps, and the ground.and the ground.

If all of the ice in If all of the ice in the ice caps and the ice caps and other glaciers other glaciers melted, it would melted, it would raise the sea level raise the sea level by about 260 ft.by about 260 ft.

In temperate In temperate climates, water is climates, water is found in depression found in depression storage or surface storage or surface water puddles, water puddles, ditches, and ditches, and anywhere else that anywhere else that runoff water can runoff water can gather. This is a gather. This is a temporary form oftemporary form of storagestorage

Freshwater Flow

A hydrologist is A hydrologist is particularly particularly interested in interested in stream flow -- stream flow -- the 31% of the 31% of precipitation precipitation which runs off which runs off into rivers, into rivers, streams and streams and lakes. lakes.

About 3% of this About 3% of this water will seep water will seep underground underground

About 31% will About 31% will run off into rivers, run off into rivers, streams and streams and lakes lakes

About 66% of the About 66% of the water returns to water returns to the atmosphere the atmosphere through through evaporation and evaporation and transpirationtranspiration

Surface Surface RunoffRunoff

When When precipitation precipitation rate exceeds rate exceeds infiltration rate, infiltration rate, or when soil is or when soil is saturated, water saturated, water begins to move begins to move down slope on down slope on ground surface.ground surface.

Surface Surface RunoffRunoff

surface runoff surface runoff gradually flows into gradually flows into gullies, streams, gullies, streams, lakes, or rivers. lakes, or rivers. Water in streams Water in streams and rivers flows to and rivers flows to the ocean, seeps the ocean, seeps into the ground, or into the ground, or evaporates back evaporates back into the into the atmosphere.atmosphere.

Water Storage in Water Storage in OceansOceans

The largest The largest reservoir is the reservoir is the oceans. There oceans. There is about 50 is about 50 times as much times as much water in the water in the oceans than in oceans than in the next largest the next largest reservoir, polar reservoir, polar ice and ice and glaciers.glaciers.

Water Storage in Ice Water Storage in Ice and Snow and Snow

Water precipitates into cooler areas of land and freeze into ice and snow.

Snowmelt Runoff to Snowmelt Runoff to StreamsStreams

Precipitation falls Precipitation falls in the form of in the form of rain and snowrain and snow

When the snow When the snow melts it runs into melts it runs into streams which streams which eventually dump eventually dump into the oceaninto the ocean

InfiltratiInfiltrationon

-Rain water soaks into ground through soil and underlying rock layer.

-Water cleaned as impurities filtered

-Some water remains underground as groundwater.

-Some water returns to surface at springs or low spots downhill.

Groundwater Storage

-then stored underground in rock crevices and in the pores of geologic materials that make up the Earth's crust

- water seeps downward underground into soil and rock crevices

-Water storage under the ground largely depends on the geologic features related to the types of soil and the types of rocks present at the storage locations.

-underground storage occurs in the soil, in aquifers, and in the crevices of rock formations

EvaporationEvaporation Conversion of Conversion of

water from a water from a liquid into a gasliquid into a gas

Water Water transferred from transferred from surface to surface to atmosphere atmosphere through through evaporationevaporation

                        

 

Evaporation & the Evaporation & the SunSun

The sun heats The sun heats up water in the up water in the ocean, rivers, ocean, rivers, or lakes, or lakes, turning it into turning it into vapor, which vapor, which then goes into then goes into the airthe air

Evaporation Evaporation Cont.Cont.

80% of evaporation 80% of evaporation from oceanfrom ocean

20% of evaporation 20% of evaporation from inland water from inland water and vegetationand vegetation

Winds transport Winds transport evaporated water, evaporated water, influencing influencing humidity around the humidity around the worldworld

TranspirationTranspirationThe process of The process of evaporation evaporation from plants. from plants. Basically, Basically, plants plants sweating.sweating.

Transpiration Transpiration Cont.Cont.

Environmental Environmental factors that factors that affect affect transpiration:transpiration:

LightLight TemperatureTemperature HumidityHumidity WindWind Soil waterSoil water

Good For Good For Plants!!Plants!! Transpiration is the Transpiration is the

“engine” of plant “engine” of plant life, pulling water life, pulling water up from the roots. up from the roots. This allows for This allows for photosynthesis, photosynthesis, brings minerals brings minerals from the roots to from the roots to the rest of the the rest of the plant, and cools plant, and cools the leaves. the leaves.

Water Storage in

Atmosphere

-atmosphere holds only very small percentage of Earth’s water supply at any given time

World Water Supply

Source % of Supply

Oceans 97.08

Ice Sheets and Glaciers 1.99

Ground Water 0.62

Atmosphere 0.29

Lakes (Fresh) 0.01

Inland Seas / Salt Water Lakes 0.005

Soil Moisture 0.004

Rivers 0.001

-rapid recycling of water must occur between earth's surface and atmosphere

- Water stored in the atmosphere can be moved relatively quickly from one part of the planet to another part of the planet

By: Soo, Christine, Connie, Kate, Alex

We like you Dr. E!