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TheWaterCrisisinGaza:blueprintforsolu6ons11thSharingKnowledgeAcrosstheMediterraneanConference

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OverviewofInterven6ons

1.CreatingaGazaProgrammeCoordinationUnit.2.AWaterandHealthMonitoringProject.3.Improvingthedomesticwaterdistributionnetwork.4.IncreasedwaterimportsfromIsrael.5.Short-termlow-volume[STLV]desalination.6.Regional[high-volume]desalination.7.Pilotwastewatertreatmentandreuseprojects.8.Large-scalewastewaterandreuseprogrammes,afterthetreatmentplantsarecompleted.9.Improvementsintheagriculturalsector.

TheCompara,veStudyofOp,onsforSupplyofWaterfortheGazaStrip(CSO-G),issuedbyPWA in June 2011, has recommendedNine Interven6onsworking together in a rollingprogramwhichthePAhasadoptedtobecometheGazaSustainableWaterSupplyProgram

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1.Improvingthedomes6cwaterdistribu6onnetwork

Currently,almost40%ofwatersuppliedthroughGaza’swaternetworkislostduetoleakagesandnetworkinefficiencies.AnyefforttoincreaseGaza’swatersupplyneedstobeaccompaniedbyimprovementstothewaterdistribu,onnetwork:•  ExpandingCapacity:Thecapacityoftheexis,ngsystemneedstobeincreasedin

ordertoreceivelargerquan,,esofwater.Thisincludesthequan,,esagreeduponasPales,nianalloca,onsundertheRedSeaDeadSeaProject.

•  Reducing Non-Revenue Water: The Gaza Central Desalina,on Project

includesefforts to reducenon-revenuewater, includingbeWer tariff restructuringandcollec,on and the enhancement of system efficiency in order to reduce physical andfinanciallosses.

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2.IncreasedwaterimportsfromIsrael

●  To meet current demands, Gaza’s water supply is dependent on thecontaminatedandover-abstractedCoastalAquifer,ofwhich96%isnon-potableaccordingtoWHOstandards.

●  Increasing bulk water imports from Israel can serve as an immediate

measure to supply drinking water to Gaza as planned interven,onsadvance.

●  As part of theDecember 2013 “MemorandumofUnderstanding on the

Red Sea-Dead Sea Water Conveyor Pilot Project,” The Government ofIsrael, Jordanand thePales,nianAuthority agreed that10MCMwouldbemadeavailabletoserve340,000Gazans.

●  Addi6onal short-term purchases from Israel are needed to alleviate

Gaza’sdependencyontheCoastalAquifer.

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3.Short-termlow-volume[STLV]desalina6on

ThefirstphaseofaShortTermLowVolume(STLV)Desalina,onfacilityinGazawasinauguratedinJanuary2017.●  UNICEFled,EUfunded.●  Produces2.1MCM/year●  Serves75,000people

inRafahandKhanYounis●  Currentelectricityshortage ImplementPhase2and3By2020:

●  Addi,onalphasesof theUNICEF STLVdesalina,on facilitywill produce7.3MCM/year,serving250,000Gazans,accoun,ngfor6%ofGaza’sdrinkingwaterneeds

●  Other low volume desalina,on facili,es, implemented by USAID and the IslamicDevelopmentBankwilladdressanother4.7%ofwaterneedsby2020.

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4.Regional[high-volume]desalina6on

Thefirstphaseoftheplant,plannedforcomple,onby2021,willprovideanaddi6onal55MCM/yearwatersupplytoGaza.Technicalprojectcomponentsinclude:●  Construc,onofthedesalina,on

plantandnecessarypowerfacili,es+connec,ontogridandgaspipeline

●  Construc,onofa43-kilometerNorth-Southwatercarrier,storagereservoirs,pumpsta,onsandpipelines

●  Projectimplementa,ontoreducenon-revenuewater

●  Securingfinancesforconstruc,onofplant+subsidizedopera,onandmaintenanceofplantforfirst5years(EUR562million)

●  Securingreliableenergysupplyfortheplant’sopera,on

●  Securingthedesignatedlandforplant●  Finalizingthemechanismtoallowaccess

of“dual-use”materialsandmonitorplant’sconstruc,on+opera,on

●  Opera,onalizingagovernancestructureforcoordina,ngtheproject

●  Ensuringfinancialandins,tu,onalsustainabilitythroughthedevelopmentofabusinessplan+andestablishmentoftheNa,onalWaterCompany

OVERVIEW ENABLERS

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5.Pilotwastewatertreatmentandreuseprojects

Thepoten,alforahumanitariancrisisinGazaisexacerbatedbysewagecontamina,onofthe groundwater supply, which results from insufficient opera,on of Gaza’s sewagetreatment plants due to the lack of regular electricity supply. Various interven,ons areunderwaymi,gatethiscrisis:●  TheNorthernGazaEmergencySewageTreatmentplantshouldbecompletedbythe

endof2017.Itsopera,onisdependentontheimplementa,onofthefirstphaseofthe161kVlineandestablishingaconnec,onfromthissourcetothefacility

●  TheKhanYounisWastewaterTreatmentPlantisexpectedtobecompleteby2019.

●  Construc,onisexpectedtostartin2017,fortheCentralGazaWastewaterTreatmentPlant.Theplant’scomple,onisscheduledfor2020.

●  TheRafahWastewaterTreatmentPlantiscurrentlyopera,onal.Duetosevereenergyshortages,sewage isomenpipeduntreated intotheMediterraneanSea.By2018,anini,a,vetoaddsolarenergyinfrastructuretotheplantwillbecomplete.

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6.WaterSectorReform

Thecrea,onofanins,tu,onallyandfinanciallysustainablewatersectorinGazarequirestheacceleratedrestructuringandreformofwatersectorins,tu,ons.Thisreformwasprescribedby:●  The2009Ac,onPlanforReformofthe

Pales,nianWaterSector●  The2014WaterLaw●  The2016-18WaterSectorReformPlan.Componentsofthewatersectorreforminclude:●  Cost-recoverymechanisms●  Tariffregula,on+theadop,onofaunifiedtariff●  Establishmentofregionalwateru,li,esanddevelopmentofu,lityregula,on●  EstablishmentoftheNa,onalWaterCompany●  Regula,onforabstrac,onandlicensing

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