The War of 1812 - Weeblybringingthepayne.weebly.com/.../9.4_the_war_of_1812.pdfThe War in the West...
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The War of 1812 Chapter 9 Section 4 p. 327
Transcript of The War of 1812 - Weeblybringingthepayne.weebly.com/.../9.4_the_war_of_1812.pdfThe War in the West...
The War of 1812
Chapter 9 Section 4p. 327
Why It Matters...
● All of the former Presidents had worked really hard to avoid war with Britain and France○ Washington ○ Adams○ Jefferson
● In 1812, the U.S. declared war on Britain
Section Focus:
What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?
The Move Toward War
● Tensions were high between the U.S. and Britain when Madison took office in 1809
● People were mad that Britain had armed the Native Americans and that they were messing with the sailors
● Americans believed the country’s honor was at stake and wanted to do something about it, a sense of nationalism
● Nationalism is pride in one’s own country
The Move Toward War
● In 1810, 2 strong nationalists became leaders in the House
● These guys and their supporters were called war hawks
● A war hawk is someone who was eager for war with Britain
○ Henry Clay of Kentucky○ John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
● In June of 1812, Congress declared war on Britain
1. In what regions of the U.S. was the support for war the strongest?
Early Days of the War
● While this wasn’t a great time for Britain to war with America, they refused to stop arming Native Americans
● Americans thought they could win, but they were not prepared
● Jefferson’s spending cuts had proved very costly because it weakened the military
● We had only 16 ready warships and less than 7000 soldiers
Early Days of the War
● In the beginning, the Brits set up a blockade along the coast
● A blockade is the actions of shutting a port or road to prevent people/supplies from coming into or leaving an area
● Eventually, the British were able to close off all American ports
2. Why was the United States unprepared for war?
The War in the West and South
● U.S. and Brits fought in the West for control of Great Lakes and Mississippi River
● The next target for American troops...Canada
● In July 1812, American troops invaded Canada, but soon retreated
● During retreat, Americans were ambushed by Brits and Native Americans and more than 2000 men were captured
The War in the West and South
● Americans fared better when they took on the Brits trying to win over Lake Erie.
● They followed the Brits into Canada and defeated them in the Battle of Thames
● Summer of 1813, Andrew Jackson took command of American forces and defeated Native American warriors at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Checkpoint:
● What is the connection between the Battle of Lake Erie and the Battle of the Thames?
● What was the result of Hull’s invasion of Canada?
● Why do you think that control of the Great Lakes was so important?
● What effects do you think this war had on Native Americans?
Final Battles
● In 1814, The British finally defeated Napoleon
● This allowed the British to have an easier fight with the U.S.
● Their new strategy was to attack the nation’s capital, Washington D.C.
● The British set fire to several government buildings, including the White House
Final Battles
● The next move for the British was Baltimore
● The first attack was on Fort McHenry on Sept. 13, 1814
● Here, Francis Scott Key watch an American flag still flying over the attacked fort
● Despite the heavy attack, the Americans had fought it off
● It was here that he penned “The Star-Spangled Banner”
● In 1931, Congress voted to make it the National Anthem
O say can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight
O'er the ramparts we watch'd were so gallantly streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bomb bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there, O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
Final Battles
● By 1814, Britain was growing tired of war
● Although peace talks had begun, word didn’t reach the U.S. until much later
● In January of 1815, General Andrew Jackson led his troops to victory over the British at the Battle of New Orleans
● Many Americans opposed the War of 1812 and called it the “Second War of Independence”
● From now on, Europe had to respect the young U.S.
Checkpoint:
● What were some of the effects of the war of 1812?
● Who were the war hawks? Who led them?
● What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?
Homework:
● Check Your Progress● p. 331● 4-6
