THE WAR EXPANDS

Chapter 7-2

THE FRENCH STILL ANGRY LOST FRENCH & INDIAN WAR

FRENCH GAVE SECRET AID TO AMERICANS

AFTER BATTLE SARATOGA – FRENCH BECAME AN OPEN ALLY

HELP FROM ABROAD

FRANCE & SPAIN ENTER THE WAR

1778 – King Louis XVI of France – signed treaties of alliance with Americans and supplied funds, supplies, troops

1779 – France convinced Spain to also ally with Americans

BUT...France & Spain wanted more than to just help – they wanted to expand their own empires

EUROPEAN ALLIES

French

Spanish

German

Polish

Spanish General Bernardo de Galvez – captured British stronghold Natchez & Baton Rouge & Pensacola

French Marquis de Lafayette – became confident and friend of Washington

German Baron de Kalb – became one of Washington’s Generals

BRITISH HAD TO SPREAD RESOURCES OVER MANY FRONTS ON LAND & SEA

WINTER at VALLEY FORGE

When British General Howe captured Philadelphia, Washington’s army retreated to camp Valley Forge

Some Soldiers had no shoes, only 1 blanket, little food. Many got sick and died from Malnutrition, exposure or disease – 2500 to 3000

Congress slow to offer supplies – so private citizens brought food and clothing

EVEN THOUGH THERE WERE DESERTERS – THE ARMY STAYED

TOGETHER

BARON VON STEUBEN – TAUGHT THEM TO FIGHT USING BRITISH TACTICS

AFTER THE WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE, AMERICANS WERE MORE EFFICIENT

FIGHTERS AND INSPIRED TO CONTINUE THE FIGHT

Suffering at Valley Forge American Endured Hardships

1775 – DANIEL BOONE OPENED WILDERNESS ROAD FROM VIRGINIA TO

KENTUCKY

1777 – GEORGE ROGERS CLARK – PERSUADED VIRGINIA GOVERNOR

PATRICK HENRY

CLARK LED ARMY TO CAPTURE BRITISH OUTPOSTS ON WESTERN FRONTIER

FRONTIER FIGHTING

MAY 1778 – CLARK CAPTURED BRITISH FORT KASKASKIA ON MISSISSIPPI

FEBRUARY 1779 – CLARK CAPTURED BRITISH FORT VINCENNES

THESE VICTORIES GAVE AMERICANS A HOLD ON AREA BETWEEN GREAT LAKES

AND OHIO RIVER

CLARK’s ARMY

BRITISH HAD 200 WARSHIPS OFF AMERICAN COAST

AMERICAN NAVY SMALL SO CONGRESS ENCOURAGED PRIVATEERS TO ATTACK

BRITISH MERCHANT SHIPS

MORE THAN 1000 PRIVATEERS CAPTURED BRITISH SHIPS, SOLD CARGO

AND SHARED MONEY

WAR on the WAVES

AMERICAN NAVAL OFFICER INSPIRED AMERICANS BY SAILING OVER ATLANTIC

TO ATTACK BRITISH AT THEIR HOME

FAMOUS BATTLE – JONES’ SHIPS AND BRITISH SHIP BLASTING EACH OTHER

FOR 3 ½ HOURS

JONES “ I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT!”

JONES WON!

JOHN PAUL JONES