The vMatrix: A Network Of Virtual Machine Monitors For Dynamic Content Distribution
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Transcript of The vMatrix: A Network Of Virtual Machine Monitors For Dynamic Content Distribution
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The vMatrix: A Network Of Virtual Machine Monitors For Dynamic Content Distribution
Amr A. AwadallahMendel Rosenblum{aaa,mendel}@cs.stanford.edu
Stanford University – Computer Systems Lab – WCW 2002
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
What is The vMatrix?
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Problem Statement
Motivation: To enable distribution of dynamic content.(40% of web requests)
Definition:Dynamic content is web pages which are constructed by programs that execute on the server at the time a request is made. (e.g. http://maps.yahoo.com)
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Advantages of Distribution
• Faster Response Time
• Higher Availability
• Absorbing Flash Crowds
• Network Bandwidth Savings
• Lower Total Cost of Ownership
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Today Is Static Mirroring
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Dynamic Content Distribution
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Two Tier Architecture
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Main Problem
It is very hard to copy services due to all the dependencies that code has on system libraries, third-party modules, operating systems, and server hardware.
Amended Motivation:
To enable distribution of server code with minimal application, code, or operating system changes (i.e. backward compatibility with existing implementations)
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Virtual Machine Monitors
Virtual Machine Monitor
Real Machine (CPU, Memory, Disks, Network)
Virtual Machine 1:vCPU, vMem, vDisk, vNet
OS1: Windows 2000
Virtual Machine 2:vCPU, vMem, vDisk, vNet
OS2: Linux
MySQL, ApacheOracle, IIS
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Proposed Solution
A network for delivering virtual machines (VMs) between real machines (RMs) running the virtual machine monitor (VMM) software.
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Distinguishing Advantage• Backward Compatibility
Disadvantage• VM files are very large (order of
gigabytes)!
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Challenges: Mobility (NAT)
VMM
RMVM Agent
VM1 VM2192.168.1.10
NAT/LBInternet64.58.77.28
DNSmaps.yahoo.com 64.58.77.28
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Challenges: Security (VPNs)
VMM
VM1 VM2
RMVM Agent
VPNIntranet
DNS
192.168.1.10
FirewallInternet64.58.77.28
172.21.162.9
c009.proxy.yahoo.com
maps.yahoo.com 64.58.77.28
NAT/LBInternet64.58.77.28
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Two Tier Challenges• Response Time
FRONT END BACK END
N1
FRONT END
N1
BACK END
N2
BACK END
• Perception!
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Two Tier Challenges• Availability
FRONT END BACK END
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Two Tier Challenges• Replication
BACK ENDFRONT END
FRONT END
FRONT END
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Related Work
• Active Proxy Caches (ICAP, Active cache, OPES)
• App Servers (WebSphere, Dynamo, WebLogic)
• Java Virtual Machine (J#/C#/.Net)
• Light Weight OSes (Denali, Xenoservers)
• OS Virtualization (Ensim, Ejasent, EXETender)
• Portable Channel Representations (e.g. RPMs)
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Current & Future Work
• Global Server Placement Optimization
• VM Scheduling per RM
• Server Multiplexing
• Compute Utility (The Collective)
• ROC: Virtual Hot Standbys
• Internet Scale Applications Characteristics
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Stanford University – CSL – WCW 2002
Conclusion
Using off the shelf technologies available today it is possible to build a network for delivering virtual machines between real machines hence solving the dynamic content distribution problem without requiring significant architectural changes.