THE VICTORIAN GARDEN - cityofcentralia.com Home Garden/Borst Garden...Herbal deinitions, ... Indians...

THEVICTORIANGARDEN

Historic Borst Home ~ Centralia WA

Borst Park Demonstration Gardens

Compiled,designedandprintedby:CityofCentralia,June2016

$5.00

BUTTERFLYGARDEN

BORSTHOME‐SITE

Notes

Notes ThiscompilationoftraditionalherbsofVictoriantimeswascreatedbytheCityofCentralia’sCommunityDevelopmentDepartment.ThebookwascreatedtogenerateinterestintheherbsthatwouldhavebeenincommonuseatthetimetheHistoricBorstHomewasconstructedinthe1860’s.Herbalde initions,descriptionsandlorehavebeentakenfromanumberofsources,butprimarilyfrom“AModernHerbal”byMrs.MGrieve,publishedin1931.

Thisbookletinnowayrecommendsorsanctionstheuseofherbsformedicinalpurposes.Thisbookisforyourreadingpleasureonlyandincludesinterestingandentertaininginformationfromawidevarietyofsources,somedatingfrommedievaltimes.WewouldliketorecognizeandthanktheLewisCo.MasterGardenersfortheirtirelesseffortstocreateandmaintainthe

historicgardensadjacenttotheBorstHome

Anise Hyssop

Tztáàtv{x yÉxÇ|vâÄâÅ

Has a slightly licorice taste and was used in a sweet syrup and to flavor cakes. The dried flowers look nice in wreaths.

PreparedbyPatriciaO’BrienLibutti2012

A n Old Love Charm 'On St. Luke's Day, take mari-gold flowers, a sprig of marjoram, thyme, and a lit-tle Wormwood; dry them before a fire, rub them to

powder; then sift it through a fine piece of lawn, and simmer it over a slow fire, adding a small quantity of virgin honey, and vinegar. Anoint yourself with this when you go to bed, saying the following lines three times, and you will dream of your partner "that is to be":

"St. Luke, St. Luke, be kind to me, In dreams let me my true-love see."

Culpepper, writing of the three Wormwoods most in use, the Common Wormwood, Sea Wormwood and Roman Wormwood, tells us: 'Each kind has its particular virtues' . . . the Common Wormwood is 'the strongest,' the Sea Worm-wood, 'the second in bitterness,' whereas the Roman Worm-wood, 'to be found in botanic gardens' - the first two being wild - 'joins a great deal of aromatic flavor with but little bitterness.'

The Common Wormwood grows on roadsides and waste places, and is found over the greater part of Europe and Siberia, having been formerly much cultivated for its quali-ties. In Britain, it appears to be truly indigenous near the sea and locally in many other parts of England and Scot-land, from Forfar southwards. In Ireland it is a doubtful native. It has become naturalized in the United States.

The plant possesses the same properties as the other Worm-woods, but is less powerful. It is a bitter tonic and aro-matic.

Although it is not now employed in regular medical prac-tice, it is often made use of by country people for intermit-tent fever, and for various other medicinal purposes instead of the true Wormwood.

(From: A Modern Herbal by Mrs. M Grieve)

Wormwood

TÜàxÅ|á|t tuá|Çà{|âÅ

A particularly bitter herb, was a key ingredient in liqueurs, especially absinthe. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Displeasure.”


A nise hyssop is a perennial herb that is well known for its many use-ful herbal benefits, among that being its medical uses in the herbal-ist community.

Used as an infusion in tea and cold remedies. Will relieve congestion. As a cardiac herb, it is also used to strengthen a weak heart. Clinical research has shown that the essential oils of Anise Hyssop is

antiviral toward Herpes simplex I and II. A poultice is also useful in treating burns. A hot infusion will induce perspiration and is therefore useful in treat-

ing fevers. Indians used the leaves in incense to treat depression as it provided an

uplifting fragrance. Can be used as a wash to treat the itchiness of poison ivy. A cold infusion of leaves is used to relieve pains in the chest from exces-

sive coughing. Has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Used as a preven-

tative for summer colds. Used by Indians to cure wounds. Can use as a salve. Traditionally used to treat burns with a poultice of leaves. Often combined with licorice for lung conditions such as respiratory

infections and bronchitis. It is an expectorant and cough suppressant. It's a aromatic digestant, therefore preventing gas, bloating. Simply sip

some tea with your meals to prevent gas and bloating. Treats diarrhea. When its leaves are crushed, they have a beautifully aromatic smell of

licorice. Take a bath in the leaves for treating sunburn or for fungal conditions

such as athletes foot or yeast overgrowth. Being aromatic, the oils in the plant are useful in opening up the air-

ways. Sedative - One of the main oils in has been shown to have sedative

properties.

(Sand Mountain Herbs, 2002)

Bee Balm

`ÉÇtÜwt Á]tvÉu VÄ|ÇxË

Is a member of the mint family; its leaves have a citrus flavor. It was used in teas and to treat colds and chest pains. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Sweet Virtues”.


A perennial, it grows from 1 to 2 feet high. The entire plant is erect and unbranched, more or less covered with hairs. The leaves are deeply parted, each division

again cleft and toothed It flowers from April to June, color pale to rosy purple, petals veined and woolly at base. The fruit is a beaked capsule, divided into five cells, each cell containing one seed The root stocks are 2 to 4 inches long thick with numerous branches for the next growth, outside brown, white and fleshy inside when fresh. When dried it turns to a darkish purple in-side; no odor, taste strongly astringent, contains much tannin which is most active just before the plant flowers. This is the time the root should be collected for drying.

Styptic, astringent, tonic. Used for piles and internal bleed-ing. Excellent if taken internally for diarrhea, children's cholera, chronic dysentery and is a good gargle.

The leaves are also used and give the greatest percentage of tannin and should be collected before the plant seeds.


Wild Cranesbill

ZxÜtÇ|âÅ ÅtvâÄtàâÅ

Was used to treat diarrhea, passive bleeding and more. It was an ornamental plant in the garden as well.


U se as a natural antiseptic. Did you get a cut or scratch while gardening? Bee Balm is a natural antiseptic. Simply tear off a leaf or

small portion of stem and apply the liquid inside to your minor cuts and scrapes.

Cure a sore throat. Place the leaves and blooms of Bee Balm in a tea kettle or pot and add water. Boil on the stove and breathe in the steam that is released. It is ideal for relieving sore throats and bronchial irritation.

Soothe a sore tummy. You can boil a few of the leaves or blooms in your tea (just strain before drinking) and it will give your tea healing properties that will soothe an irritated stomach due to over eating, menstrual pain, or the common cold.

Get a good night’s sleep. Bee Balm is excellent for helping you doze off in a blissful state each evening! You can boil it again in your tea or re-move the flowers and place them in a muslin bag. The bag can go near your pillow where you will inhale the relaxing aroma.

Freshen up a small space. The blooms on a Bee Balm plant are quite fragrant and make a perfect addition to homemade potpourri. Break off the blooms and dry them, then crumble and add to any of your potpourri mixtures or just sprinkle in a small space for added freshness.

Give your jelly a boost. The mild, minty flavor of the Bee Balm plant makes it per-fect for spicing up jelly. Apple jelly is especially tasty when Bee Balm leaves are added and allowed to permeate the mixture.

(Premeditated Leftovers)

Blue False Indigo

UtÑà|á|t tâáàÜtÄ|á

A member of the pea family, was an ornamental plant seen on garden edges; the flowers are a deep blue. Several American Indian tribes made use of the plant for a variety of purposes. The Cherokees used it as a source of blue dye, a practice later copied by European settlers.


T he Garden Thyme is an 'improved' cultivated form of the Wild Thyme of the mountains of Spain and other European countries bordering on the Mediterranean,

flourishing also in Asia Minor, Algeria and Tunis, and is a near relation to our own Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum), which has broader leaves (the margins not reflexed as in the Garden Thyme) and a weaker odor.

The pounded herb, if given fresh, from 1 to 6 OZ. daily, mixed with syrup, has been employed with success as a safe cure for whooping cough. An infusion made from 1 OZ. of the dried herb to 1 pint of boiling water, sweetened with sugar or honey, is also used for the same purpose, as well as in cases of catarrh and sore throat, given in doses of 1 or more tablespoonsful, several times daily. The wild plant may be equally well used for this.

Thyme tea will arrest gastric fermentation. It is useful in cases of wind spasms and colic, and will assist in promoting perspiration at the commencement of a cold, and in fever or symptoms of fever complaints generally.

In herbal medicine, Thyme is generally used in combination with other remedies.

According to Culpepper, Thyme is: 'a noble strengthener of the lungs, as notable a one as grows, nor is there a better remedy growing for hooping cough. It purges the body of phlegm and is an excellent remedy for shortness of breath. It is so harmless you need not fear the use of it. An oint-ment made of it takes away hot swellings and warts, helps the sciatica and dullness of sight and takes away any pains and hardness of the spleen: it is excellent for those that are troubled with the gout and the herb taken anyway inward-ly is of great comfort to the stomach.'


Thyme

g{çÅâá äâÄztÜ|á

A versatile culinary herb, was used to flavor eggs and meat and to repel insects. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Thriftiness, happiness, courage.”


B aptisia has been used as an antiseptic. This plant is said to stimulate immune responses to infection, and is used for ear, nose and throat problems, laryngitis and tonsillitis.

Baptisia is considered toxic. Do not use this plant unless under the supervision of a trained qualified practitioner. It is not for long term use and not to be used if pregnant. The bark of the root is harvested in autumn. The leaves may be harvested anytime.

Native Americans used root tea of False blue indigo as an emetic and purgative. A cold tea was given to stop vomiting, a root poultice used as an anti-inflammatory, and bits of the root were held in the mouth to treat toothaches.

Baptisia species are being investigated for use as a potential stimulant of the immune system.

Trials using the extract of Baptisia to treat typhoid fever were made in the early 19th century.

Over-medicating will produce vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal complaints, and spasms.

Wild blue indigo is said to repel flies when kept near farm animals. Hang a bunch of Baptisia off the tack of a working animal.

(University of Florida IFAs Extension)

Catmint

axÑxàt vtàtÜ|t

Produces a mass of lavender flowers in late spring to early summer. It is also known as catnip for its fascination to cats. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Intoxicated with love.”


T he Sweet Woodruff, a favorite little plant growing in woods and on shaded hedge banks, may be readily rec-ognized by its small white flowers (in bloom in May and

June) set on a tender stalk, with narrow, bright-green leaves growing beneath them in successive, star-like whorls.

Being a lover of woods and shady places, its deep-green foli-age develops best in the half-shade, where the sunlight pen-etrates with difficulty. Should the branches over shadowing it be cut away, and the full light fall upon it, it loses its col-or and rapidly becomes much paler.

The fresh leaves, bruised and applied to cuts and wounds, were said to have a healing effect, and formerly a strong decoction of the fresh herb was used as a cordial and for in-digestion. It is also said to be useful for removing biliary obstructions of the liver.

The plant when newly gathered has but little odor, but when dried, has a most refreshing scent of new-mown hay, which is retained for years. Gerard tells us:

'The flowers are of a very sweet smell as is the rest of the herb, which, being made up into garlands or bundles, and hanged up in houses in the heat of summer, doth very well attemper the air, cool and make fresh the place, to the delight and comfort of such as are therein.’

In Germany, one of the favorite applications is still made by steeping the fresh sprigs in Rhine wine. This forms a spe-cially delightful drink, known as Maibowle, and drunk on the first of May.

The dried herb may be kept among linen, like lavender, to preserve it from insects. In the Middle Ages it used to be hung and strewed in churches, and on St. Barnabas Day and on St. Peter's, bunches of box, Woodruff, lavender and roses found a place there. It was also used for stuffing beds.


Sweet Woodruff

ZtÄ|âÅ ÉwÉÜtàâÅ

Contains coumarin, used in perfumes. It was used to disguise odors, a quality favored by housekeepers.


(Annie’s Remedy Essential Oil & Herbs)

A harmless high for felines and beneficial for humans. Catnip leaves contain considerable quantities of vitamins C and E, both excellent antioxidants. The

primary isomers, are mild sedatives.

Catnip is a gentle but potent sleep-inducer for humans that calms without affecting you the next day. It soothes the nervous system and can safely help get a restless child off to sleep, in fact catnip, along with chamomile, is one of the most often recommended herbs for use in children's complaints.

Catnip teas have long been used in traditional herbal medicine to quell digestive disturbances, and reducing the pain of menstrual cramps. A hot cup of catnip tea is excellent for treating colds and flu because it produces perspiration without increasing the heat of the system. Catnip tea is good for curing headaches as well. (Dawson,Adele )

Preparation Methods & Dosage : To use for cats, sprinkle on food, stuff chewable toys, or add fresh leaves to drinking water. Glycerin-based salves are also good for both humans and cats.

Celandine

V{xÄ|wÉÇ|âÅ Åt}âá

Is a member of the poppy family. It was used as a mild anal-gesic for pain. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Medicine.”


S enna is an Arabian name, and the drug was first brought into use by the Arabian physicians Serapion and Mesue, and Achiarius was the first of the Greeks to notice it. He

recommends not the leaves but the fruit, and Mesue also pre-fers the pods to the leaves, thinking them more powerful, though they are actually less so, but they do not cause griping.

Senna appears to have been cultivated in England about 1640. By keeping the plants in a hot-bed all the summer, they frequently flowered; but rarely perfected their seeds.

Purgative. Its action being chiefly on the lower bowel, it is especially suitable in habitual constipation. It increases the peristaltic movements of the colon by its local action upon the intestinal wall. Its active principle must pass out of the system in the secretions unaltered, for when Senna is taken by nursing mothers, the suckling infant becomes purged. It acts neither as a sedative nor as a fever reducer, but has a slight, stimulating influence.

In addition to the nauseating taste, it is apt to cause sick-ness, and griping pains, so that few can take it alone; but these characteristics can be overcome or removed, when it is well adapted for children, elderly persons, and delicate women. The coloring matter is absorbable, and twenty or thirty minutes after the ingestion of the drug it appears in the urine, and may be recognized by a red color on the ad-dition of ammonia.

The addition of cloves, ginger, cinnamon, or other aromat-ics are excellent correctives of the nauseous effects. A tea-spoonful of cream of tartar to a teacupful of the decoction of infusion of Senna, is a mild and pleasant cathartic, well suited for women if required soon after delivery.


Senna

Vtáá|t ÅtÜ|ÄtÇw|vt

Was used as a landscape plant, a hair treatment and to treat stomach ailments.


T he herb greater celandine ( Chelidonium majus ), a

relative of the poppy, contains an orange-colored juice that has been used medicinally for thousands

of years. It has been applied topically for eye and skin problems, and taken internally for bronchitis, jaundice, indigestion, cancer, and whooping cough. However, traditional herbalists appear to have missed one major problem with this herb: it can damage the liver.

The whole plant is toxic in moderate doses, but there are numerous therapeutic uses when used at the correct dosage. The above-ground parts and roots of greater celandine are used in herbalism. They are gathered during the flowering season and dried at high temperatures. The root is harvested in autumn between August and October and dried.

As far back as Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) this herb has been recognized as a useful detoxifying agent. The root has been chewed to relieve toothache. John Gerard's Herball (1597) states that "the juice of the herbe is good to sharpen the sight, for it cleanseth and consumeth away slimie things that cleave about the ball of the eye and hinder the sight and especially being boiled with honey in a brasen vessell."

It was formerly used by gypsies as a foot refresher; modern herbalists use its purgative properties. The modern herbalist Juliette de Baïracli Levy recommended greater celandine diluted with milk for the eyes and the latex for getting rid of warts.

(From: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Chamomile

TÇà{xÅ|á ÇÉu|Ä|á

Was used by Victorians as a sedative in tea. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “I admire your courage.”


S age has been used in dyspepsia, but is now mostly em-ployed as a condiment. In the United States, where it is still an official medicine, it is in some repute, especially

in the form of an infusion, the principal and most valued appli-cation of which is as a wash for the cure of infections of the mouth and as a gargle in inflamed sore throat, being excellent for relaxed throat and tonsils, and also for ulcerated throat. The gargle is useful for bleeding gums and to prevent an exces-sive flow of saliva.

The infusion when made for internal use is termed Sage Tea, and can be made simply by pouring 1 pint of boiling water on to 1 OZ. of the dried herb, the dose being from a wine-glassful to half a teacupful, as often as required, but the old-fashioned way of making it is more elaborate and the result is a pleasant drink, cooling in fevers, and also a cleanser and purifier of the blood. Half an ounce of fresh Sage leaves, 1 OZ. of sugar, the juice of 1 lemon, or 1/4 OZ. of grated rind, are infused in a quart of boiling water and strained off after half an hour.

Sage Tea or infusion of Sage is a valuable agent in the delir-ium of fevers and in the nervous excitement frequently ac-companying brain and nervous diseases and has considera-ble reputation as a remedy, given in small and oft-repeated doses. It is highly serviceable as a stimulant tonic in debili-ty of the stomach and nervous system and weakness of di-gestion generally.

A cup of the strong infusion will be found good to relieve nervous headache.

It has also been popularly used as an application to the scalp, to darken the hair.

The fresh leaves, rubbed on the teeth, will cleanse them and strengthen the gums. Sage is a common ingredient in tooth-powders.


Sage

ftÄä|t Éyy|v|ÇtÄ|á

Leaves were used as an antibiotic, a diuretic and an astringent as well as a culinary herb used to flavor meats. In the Victori-an language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Long life and good health.”


A nthemis nobilis is a fragrant, perennial herb cultivat-ed for its culinary and medicinal value. Known com-monly as Roman chamomile, anthemis nobilis has

been extensively utilized medicinally as a treatment for indigestion. Though there are no known side effects associated with the use of this herb, there is a risk of aller-gic reaction for certain individuals.

Historically, Roman chamomile has been used to treat nu-merous conditions associated with the digestive system. The infusions and tinctures of this herb may be used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and persistent upset stom-ach. The herb's anti-inflammatory properties make it a beneficial topical remedy for easing the itching and irrita-tion of insect bites and various skin conditions. When pre-pared as an ointment, Roman chamomile may be em-ployed as a treatment for promoting the healing of wounds and abrasions.

Due to its sedative effects, Roman chamomile tea is bene-ficial for easing insomnia and promoting a restful sleep. Traditionally, the herb's relaxing properties have made it a valuable remedy for relieving cramps associated with menstruation, indigestion, and muscle spasms. The inges-tion of Roman chamomile tea also aids with relieving headaches, migraines, and nausea.

When combined with witch hazel, Roman chamo-mile essential oil may be used as a lotion to alleviate the itching and irritation associated with various skin disor-ders, including eczema. When added to warm water, the vapors from the essential oil act as an inhalation treat-ment. Adding two to three drops of Roman chamomile essential oil to a cup of warm water works to alleviate bronchial irritation and asthmatic symptoms.


Dill

TÇxà{âÅ

Was both a culinary and a medicinal herb. Leaves and seeds were used to flavor food; the seeds aided digestion. Dill induc-es sleep. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “To lull, good spirits.”


T he name Ruta is from the Greek reuo (to set free), be-cause this herb is so effective in various diseases. It was much used by the Ancients; Hippocrates specially com-

mended it, and it constituted a chief ingredient of the famous antidote to poison used by Mithridates.

In the Middle Ages and later, it was considered - in many parts of Europe - a powerful defense against witches.

Strongly stimulating and antispasmodic - often employed, in the form of a warm infusion, to increase menstrual flow. In excessive doses, it is an acro-narcotic poison, and on ac-count of its emetic tendencies should not be administered immediately after eating.

It forms a useful medicine in hysterical affections, in coughs, croupy affections, colic and flatulence, being a mild stomachic. The oil may be given on sugar, or in hot water.

Externally, if bruised and applied, the leaves will ease the severe pain of sciatica. The expressed juice, in small quan-tities, was a noted remedy for nervous nightmare, and the fresh leaves applied to the temples are said to relieve head-ache. Compresses saturated with a strong decoction of the plant, when applied to the chest, have been used beneficial-ly for chronic bronchitis.

If a leaf or two be chewed, a refreshing aromatic flavor will pervade the mouth and any nervous headache, giddiness, hysterical spasm, or palpitation will be quickly relieved.


Rue

eâàt zÜtäxÉÄxÇá

Is a bitter herb that was important in keeping a house free of pests. It was strewn on the floor to repel insects and vermin. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Grief, repentance.”


M an has made use of dill since the dawn of time; there is evidence of its cultivation beside Neolithic settlements. The Egyptians and the Scythians both

used dill in rituals for the dead. The Christian Monks of the old world believed it would keep the devil at bay, at the same time dill weed had a reputation as being an ingre-dient in witches brews. Dill was also an important herb to the pagans, and later became one of the herbs dedicated to Mary. In Drayton's Nymphidia are the lines: Therewith her Vervain and her Dill, That hindereth Witches of their Will.

In the Kitchen: Dill is a unique plant in that both its leaves (dill weed) and seeds are used as a seasoning. Use the fresh, feather-like leaves to season eggs, fish, dressings, sauces and salads. Flower heads are used for pickling, of-ten used for dill pickles. Just smelling the plant can make your mouth water!

Maud Grieve. "A Modern Herbal" Harcourt, (1931) Dill Water, which is a common domestic remedy for the flatu-lence of infants is a useful vehicle for children's medicine generally.

Weiss, Gaea and Shandor. "Healing Herbs, The" Rodale, (1985) Dill leaves and seeds are used to increase mother's milk, and treat breast congestion, which may come with nursing. A simple tea of dill seed or weed may be taken several times a day.

(From: Annie’s Remedy Essential Oils & Herbs)

Dutchman’s breeches

W|vxÇàÜt vâvâÄÄtÜ|t

Is also called staggerweed due to its toxicity. It was an orna-mental plant in the Victorian garden.


T he Ancients were well acquainted with the shrub, which had a reputation for strengthening the memory. On this account it became the emblem of fidelity for lovers. It holds a special

position among herbs from the symbolism attached to it. Not only was it used at weddings, but also at funerals, for decking churches and banqueting halls at festivals, as incense in religious ceremonies, and in magical spells.

It was an old custom to burn Rosemary in sick chambers, and in French hospitals it is customary to burn Rosemary with Juniper berries to purify the air and prevent infection. A sprig of Rosemary was carried in the hand at funerals, being distributed to the mourn-ers before they left the house, to be cast on to the coffin when it had been lowered into the grave. In many parts of Wales it is still a cus-tom.

Oil of Rosemary is an excellent tonic, curing many cases of head-ache.

It is employed principally, externally, as spiritus Rosmarini, in hair-lotions, for its odor and effect in stimulating the hair-bulbs to renewed activity and preventing premature baldness. An infu-sion of the dried plant (both leaves and flowers) combined with borax and used when cold, makes one of the best shampoos known. It forms an effectual remedy for the prevention of dan-druff.

The oil is also used externally to treat skin irritations and is add-ed to liniments as a fragrant stimulant. Hungary water, for out-ward application to renovate the vitality of paralyzed limbs, was first invented for a Queen of Hungary, who was said to have been completely cured by its continued use. It was prepared by putting 1 1/2 lb. of fresh Rosemary tops in full flower into 1 gal-lon of spirits of wine, this was allowed to stand for four days and then distilled. Hungary water was also considered very effective against gout in the hands and feet, being rubbed into them vig-orously.


Rosemary

eÉáÅtÜ|Çâá

The “dew of the sea,” was used in cooking as well as to cure stomach disorders. It made lovely wreaths and bracing teas. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Remembrance, fidelity.”


T he plant is potentially poisonous and can also cause skin rashes.

Medicinal use of Dutchman's Breeches: Alterative, tonic. The dried tubers were used as a tonic

and were recommended in the treatment of VD. A tea made from the roots induces perspiration and is diuretic. A poultice made from the leaves has been used in the treatment of skin ailments and as a muscle rub to make them more limber. The plant contains a substance that depresses the central nervous system - it is used in the treatment of paralysis and tremors.

Native Americans and early white practitioners considered this plant useful for syphilis, skin conditions and as a blood purifier.

However, D. cucullaria may be toxic and causes contact dermatitis in some people.

This species has a fascinating relationship with ants: The seeds of Dutchman’s breeches have a fleshy part that ants relish. Ants harvest the seeds, carry them to their nests, and eat the edible parts. The now-dispersed seeds can then germinate in the rich soil of an ant nest.

(From: Missouri Department of Conservation)

Fennel

YÉxÇ|vâÄâÅ äâÄztÜx wâÄvx

Was an ornamental kitchen garden plant. The leaves and seeds were used in cooking; the seeds were considered a diges-tive aid. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Worthy of all praise.”


T he leaves and seeds are widely eaten in Asia. In Japan, perilla leaves are used as a garnish on raw fish dishes serving the dual purposes of flavoring and as an anti-

dote to possible food poisoning. The seeds are expressed to yield edible oil that is also used in commercial manufacturing processes for the production of varnishes, dyes, and inks. Dried leaves are used for many applications in Chinese herbal medi-cine, including treatment of respiratory conditions (eg, asthma, coughs, colds), to induce sweating, to quell nausea, and to alleviate sunstroke.

The scarlet-leaved form of shiso was introduced into the West around the 1850s,[29] when the ornamental variety was usually referred to as P. nankinensis. This red-leafed border plant eventually earned the English-language name "beefsteak plant". This was the English equivalent name was in standard usage over a period. Due to that legacy, the old-fashioned name remains in circulation today.

Other common names, "perilla mint",[32] "Chinese basil", or "wild basil"[6] are in use, as well.

The alias "wild coleus" or "summer coleus" probably de-scribe ornamental varieties.

Photo above is from Gardenology.org


Perilla

cxÜ|ÄÄt yÜâ|àávxÇá

Originated in Asia. It is a member of the mint family. With its showy red and green leaves, it was a prominent ornamental in Victorian gardens.


F ennel is a commonly used household remedy, being use-ful in the treatment of a variety of complaints, especial-ly those of the digestive system. The seeds, leaves and

roots can be used, but the seeds are most active medicinally and are the part normally used. An essential oil is often ex-tracted from the seed for medicinal use, though it should not be given to pregnant women.

The seed yields up to 5% of an essential oil. This is used me-dicinally, as a food flavoring, in toothpastes, soaps, perfum-ery, air fresheners etc. The flavor of fennel oil depends upon its two main constituents. "Fenchone" is a bitter tasting element whilst "anethole" has a sweet anise-like flavor.

The quality of the oil also depends upon how well the seed has been dried - the oil from fully ripened and dried seeds being much sweeter and more fragrant. The dried plant is an insect repellent, the crushed leaves are effective for keep-ing dogs free of fleas. Yellow and brown dyes are obtained from the flowers and leaves combined.

Skin contact with the sap or essential oil is said to cause photo-sensitivity and/or dermatitis in some people. Inges-tion of the oil can cause vomiting, seizures and pulmonary edema.

(From: Natural Medicinal Herbs)

Feverfew

V{ÜçátÇà{xÅâÅ ÑtÜà{xÇ|âÅ

Was a stimulant for nervous complaints. A concoction with water or sugar was thought to cure colds. In the Victorian lan-guage of herbs and flowers its meaning is “You light up my life.”


T here are several forms of Garden Mint, the true variety being of bold, upright growth, with fairly large and broad leaves, pointed and sharply serrated (or toothed)

at the edges and of a rich, bright, green color.

Another variety, sometimes sold as Spearmint (M. cardiaca), is much smaller and less erect in growth, with darker leaves, the whorls of flowers distant and leafy, but possessing the same odor and flavor.

Yet another has soft hairs, but this, though distinct from what is known as Horse Mint, is inferior to the true Spearmint.

Spearmint is chiefly used for culinary purposes. The proper-ties of Spearmint oil resemble those of Peppermint, but its effects are less powerful, and it is less used than Pepper-mint, though it is better adapted for children's maladies.

From 2 to 5 drops may be given on sugar, or from 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful of spirit of Spearmint, with 2 tablespoonsful of water. Spearmint oil is added to many compounds on ac-count of its ability to relieve flatulence, and because its taste is pleasanter and less strong than Peppermint. A dis-tilled water of Spearmint will relieve hiccough as well as the giddiness of indigestion.

For infantile trouble generally, the sweetened infusion is an excellent remedy, and is also a pleasant beverage in fevers, inflammatory diseases, etc. Make the infusion by pouring a pint of boiling water on an ounce of the dried herb; the strained-off liquid is taken in doses of a wineglassful or less. It is considered a specific in allaying nausea and vomiting and will relieve the pain of colic. A homoeopathic tincture prepared from the fresh plant in flower has been found ser-viceable in urinary infections, and as a local application in painful hemorrhoids.


Mint

`xÇà{t áÑ|vtàt

Was a home remedy for what ails the stomach and a bracing tea. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its mean-ing is “Wisdom, eternal refreshment.”


F everfew (a corruption of Febrifuge, from its tonic and fever-dispelling properties) is a composite plant grow-ing in every hedgerow, with numerous, small, daisy-

like heads of yellow flowers with outer white rays, the central yellow florets being arranged on a nearly flat receptacle, not conical as in the chamomiles.

Brewed with sugar or honey is said to be good for coughs, wheezing and difficult breathing. The herb, bruised and heated, or fried with a little wine and oil, has been em-ployed as a warm external application for wind and colic.

A tincture made from Feverfew and applied locally imme-diately relieves the pain and swelling caused by bites of insects and vermin. It is said that if two teaspoons full of tincture are mixed with 1/2 pint of cold water, and all parts of the body likely to be exposed to the bites of in-sects are freely sponged with it, they will remain unassail-able. A tincture of the leaves of the true Chamomile and of the German Chamomile will have the same effect.

Planted around dwellings, it is said to purify the atmos-phere and ward off disease.

An infusion of the flowers, made with boiling water and allowed to become cold, will allay any distressing sensi-tiveness to pain in a highly nervous subject, and will af-ford relief to the face-ache or earache of a dyspeptic or rheumatic person.


Foxglove

W|z|àtÄ|á ÑâÜÑâÜt

Used for heart disorders, also was an ornamental. In the Vic-torian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “A wish, insincerity, stateliness.”


F ormerly Lovage was used for a variety of culinary pur-poses, but now its use is restricted almost wholly to confectionery, the young stems being treated like

those of Angelica, to which, however, it is inferior, as its stems are not so stout nor so succulent.

A herbal tea is made of the leaves, when previously dried, the brew having a very agreeable odor.

Lovage was much used as a drug plant in the fourteenth century, its medicinal reputation probably being greatly founded on its pleasing aromatic odor. It was never an official remedy, nor were any extravagant claims made, as with Angelica, for its effectiveness in numberless com-plaints.

The roots and fruit are aromatic and stimulant, and have diuretic and carminative action. In herbal medicine they are used in disorders of the stomach and feverish attacks, especially for cases of colic and flatulence in children, its qualities being similar to those of Angelica in expelling flatulence, exciting perspiration and opening obstruc-tions. The leaves eaten as salad, or infused dry as a tea, used to be accounted a a good stimulant for menstrual flow.


Lovage

_xä|áà|vâÅ

Was a favorite English herb that has fallen into disuse. The leaves were used to flavor confectionery. In the Victorian lan-guage of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Hidden virtues, cleanliness.”


POISON!

S ynonyms---Witches' Gloves. Dead Men's Bells. Fairy's Glove. Gloves of Our Lady. Bloody Fingers. Virgin's Glove. Fairy Caps. Folk's Glove. Fairy Thimbles.

The Foxglove was employed by the old herbalists for vari-ous purposes in medicine, most of them wholly without ref-erence to those valuable properties which render it useful as a remedy in the hands of modern physicians. Gerard recom-mends it to those 'who have fallen from high places,' and Parkinson speaks highly of the bruised herb or of its ex-pressed juice for glandular swellings, when applied out-wardly in the form of an ointment, and the bruised leaves for cleansing for old sores and ulcers.

Digitalis derived from the leaves, has been used from early times in heart cases. It increases the activity of all forms of muscle tissue, but more especially that of the heart and small arteries, the all-important property of the drug being its action on the circulation. The first consequence of its ab-sorption is a contraction of the heart and arteries, causing a very high rise in the blood pressure.

In ordinary conditions it takes about twelve hours or more before its effects on the heart muscle is appreciated, and it must thus always be combined with other remedies to tide the patient over this period and never prescribed in large doses at first.

It has also been employed in the treatment of internal hem-orrhage, in inflammatory diseases, in delirium tremens, in epilepsy, in acute mania and various other diseases, with real or supposed benefits.


Garlic Chives

TÄÄ|âÅ àâuxÜÉáâÅ

Were used to give foods an onion flavor just like today. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Usefulness, who do you weep?”


T he word Balm is an abbreviation of Balsam, the chief of sweet-smelling oils. It is so called from its honeyed sweetness It was highly esteemed by Paracelsus, who

believed it would completely revivify a man. It was formerly esteemed of great use in all complaints supposed to proceed from a disordered state of the nervous system. The London Dis-pensary (1696) says: 'An essence of Balm, given in Canary wine, every morning will renew youth, strengthen the brain, relieve languishing nature and prevent baldness.' John Evelyn wrote: 'Balm is sovereign for the brain, strengthening the memory and powerfully chasing away melancholy.' Balm steeped in wine we are told again, 'comforts the heart and driveth away melan-choly and sadness.' Formerly a spirit of Balm, combined with lemon-peel, nutmeg and angelica root, enjoyed a great reputa-tion under the name of Carmelite water, being deemed highly useful against nervous headache and neuralgic affections.

It induces a mild perspiration and makes a pleasant and cooling tea for feverish patients in cases of catarrh and in-fluenza. To make the tea, pour 1 pint of boiling water upon 1 oz. of herb, infuse 15 minutes, allow to cool, then strain and drink freely. If sugar and a little lemon peel or juice be added it makes a refreshing summer drink.

Balm is a useful herb, either alone or in combination with others. It is excellent in colds attended with fever, as it pro-motes perspiration .

Used with salt, it was formerly applied for the purpose of taking away warts, and had the reputation of cleansing sores and easing the pains of gout.

John Hussey, of Sydenham, who lived to the age of 116, breakfasted for fifty years on Balm tea sweetened with hon-ey, and herb teas were the usual breakfasts of Llewelyn Prince of Glamorgan, who died in his 108th year. Carmelite water, of which Balm was the chief ingredient, was drunk daily by the Emperor Charles V.


Lemon Balm

`xÄÄ|át Éyy|v|ÇtÄ|á

Had many uses, most notably as a cooling tea to bring down a fever. The sweet smell was also useful in potpourris. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Pleasant company of friends.”


T he Chive will grow in any ordinary garden soil. It can be raised by seed, but is usually propagated by divid-ing the clumps in spring or autumn. In dividing the

clumps, leave about six little bulbs together in a tiny clump, which will spread to a fine clump in the course of a year, and may then be divided. Set the clumps from 9 inches to a foot apart each way. For a quick return, propagation by division of the bulb clumps is always to be preferred.

The Chive contains a pungent volatile oil, rich in Sulphur, present in all the Onion tribe and causes their distinctive smell and taste.

It is a great improvement to salads - cut fresh and chopped fine-and may be put not only into green salads, but also into cucumber salad, or sprinkled on sliced toma-toes.

Chives are also excellent in omelets, and may be chopped and boiled with potatoes that are to be mashed, or chopped fresh and sprinkled, just before serving, on mashed potatoes, both as a garnish and flavoring. They may also be put into soup, either dried, or freshly cut and finely chopped, and are a welcome improvement to home-made sausages, croquettes, etc., as well as an excellent addition to meat puddings and pies.

Chives are also useful for cutting up and mixing with the food of newly-hatched turkeys.


Horehound

`tÜÜ|uâÅ

Leaves were used to make candies or syrups to soothe coughs. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Frozen kindness, health.”


L avender Cotton (also sometimes called French Laven-der, like L. Stoechas) is botanically known as Santolina Chamaecyparissus. It is not a true Lavender at all, but

has yellow, clustered buttons of composite flowers and finely-cut, grey, rather disagreeably-scented leaves, whose odor some-what resembles Chamomile. It is used to destroy parasites for children.

This plant was once also esteemed for its stimulant proper-ties, and the twigs have been used for placing amongst lin-en, etc., to keep away moths. All the species have a strong resemblance to one another, except S. fragrantissima, which differs in having the flowerheads in flat inflores-cences termed corymbs, the flowers all being at the same level, instead of singly at the apex of the twigs.

The Arabs are said to use the juice of this plant for bathing the eyes. Culpepper tells us that Lavender Cotton 'resists poison, putrefaction and heals the biting of venomous beasts.' It is now chiefly used as an edging to borders, spreading like a silvery carpet close to the ground.

A perfume oil is also extracted from it.


Lavender Cotton (Also known as French lavender)

ftÇàÉÄ|Çt v{tÅtxvçÑtÜ|ááâá

Was used as an insect repellant.


W hite Horehound is a hardy plant, easily grown, and flourishes best in a dry, poor soil. It can be propagated from seeds sown in spring, cuttings, or

by dividing the roots (the most usual method). If raised from seed, the seedlings should be planted out in the spring, in rows, with a space of about 9 inches or more between each plant. No further culture will be needed than weeding. It does not blossom until it is two years old.

White Horehound has long been noted for its effective-ness in lung troubles and coughs. Gerard says of this plant:

'Syrup made of the greene fresh leaves and sugar is a most singular remedy against the cough and wheezing of the lungs . . . and doth wonderfully and above credit ease such as have been long sick of any consumption of the lungs, as hath been often proved by the learned physi-cians of our London College.'

And Culpepper says:

'It helpeth to expectorate tough phlegm from the chest, being taken with the roots of Irris or Orris.... There is a syrup made of this plant which I would recommend as an excellent help to evacuate tough phlegm and cold rheum from the lungs of aged persons, especially those who are asthmatic and short winded.'

Preparations of Horehound are still largely used as expec-torants and tonics. It may, indeed, be considered one of the most popular pectoral remedies, being given with ben-efit for chronic cough, asthma, and some cases of con-sumption.


Lady’s Mantle

TÄv{xÅ|ÄÄt

The leaves were soaked and placed on wounds to stop bleed-ing. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its mean-ing is “Comfort, Protection.”


L avender was used in earlier days as a condiment and for flavoring dishes 'to comfort the stomach.' Gerard speaks of Conserves of Lavender being served at table.

It has aromatic, calming properties. Though largely used in perfumery, it is now not much employed internally, except as a flavoring agent, occurring occasionally in pharmacy to cover disagreeable odors in ointments and other compounds.

The essential oil, or a spirit of Lavender made from it, proves admirably restorative and tonic against faintness, palpitations of a nervous sort, weak giddiness, spasms and colic. It is agreeable to the taste and smell, provokes ap-petite, raises the spirits and dispels flatulence. The dose is from 1 to 4 drops on sugar or in a spoonful or two of milk.

A few drops of the essence of Lavender in a hot footbath has a marked influence in relieving fatigue. Outwardly applied, it relieves toothache, neuralgia, sprains, and rheumatism. In hysteria, palsy and similar disorders of debility and lack of nerve power, Lavender will act as a powerful stimulant.

'It profiteth them much,' says Gerard, 'that have the pal-sy if they be washed with the distilled water from the Lavender flowers, or are annointed with the oil made from the flowers and olive oil in such manner as oil of ros-es is used.'

In some cases of mental depression and delusions, oil of Lavender proves of real service, and a few drops rubbed on the temple will cure nervous headache.


Lavender

_tätÇwâÄt tâzâáà|yÉÄ|t

Was used as a sachet, a mouthwash, for housecleaning and to flavor sugar. In the Victorian language of herbs and flowers its meaning is “Luck, loyalty.”


T he Lady's Mantle has astringent and styptic proper-ties, on account of the tannin it contains. It is 'of a very drying and binding character' as the old herbal-

ists expressed it, and was formerly considered one of the best vulneraries or wound herbs.

Part used medicinally—the whole herb, gathered in June and July when in flower and when the leaves are at their best, and dried. The root is sometimes also employed, generally fresh.

In modern herbal treatment, it is employed as a cure for excessive menstruation and is taken internally as an infu-sion 1 OZ. of the dried herb to 1 pint of boiling water) in teacupful doses as required and the same infusion is also employed as an injections.

A strong concentrate brewed of the fresh root, by some considered the most valuable part of the plant, has also been recommended as excellent to stop all bleedings, and the root dried and reduced to powder is considered to an-swer the same purpose and to be good for violent purg-ings.

In Sweden, a tincture of the leaves has been given in cas-es of spasmodic or convulsive diseases, and an old author-ity states that if placed under the pillow at night, the herb will promote quiet sleep.

Horses and sheep like the plant, and it has therefore been suggested as a profitable fodder plant, but the idea has proved unpractical. Grazing animals will not eat the leaves till the moisture in them is dissipated.


Lamb’s Ears

fàtv{çá uçétÇà|Çt

Called “the bandage plant,” its velvety leaves were soaked and used like band-aids to bind wounds.


W ooly Lamb’s Ear, botanical name Stachys byzanti-na, has been used for centuries as a wound dressing on battlefields. Not only do the soft, fuzzy leaves

absorb blood and help it to clot more quickly, they also con-tain antibacterial, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory proper-ties. All of these factors make this plant a really great alterna-tive to store-bought bandages .

Other Medicinal Uses

Wooly Lamb’s Ear actually has many medicinal uses. You can heat a few bruised leaves in a pot of simmering water, and use the cooled infusion as an eyewash to treat pinkeye and sties.

Drink a tea made from young, dried Wooly Lamb’s Ear leaves to help with fevers, diarrhea, sore mouth and throat, internal bleeding, and weaknesses of the liver and heart.

You can bruise the leaves so that the juices are released, and put them on bee stings or other insect bites to help re-duce the swelling. The same effect can be seen when used for treating hemorrhoids, or for postpartum recovery.

Still More Uses

As if that wasn't enough, the list of uses continues.

Being soft and super absorbent, Lamb’s Ear leaves can be used in place of cotton or toilet paper. If nothing else, think of this as the best camping tip ever.

You can eat it as well. Enjoy young, tender leaves fresh in a salad, or gently steamed as greens.

(From: Courtney Feider, The Mindful-Cure)

THE VICTORIAN GARDEN - cityofcentralia.com Home Garden/Borst Garden...Herbal deinitions, ... Indians...

Documents

Transcript of THE VICTORIAN GARDEN - cityofcentralia.com Home Garden/Borst Garden...Herbal deinitions, ... Indians...