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The Viability of Sustainability:Alexander FreitagThe Viability of Sustainability:The Role of Clean Diesel
gDirector Engineering Diesel Systems Development Robert Bosch LLC
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
“Focus on the Future”Automotive Research Conferences
DS/ENS-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Diesel Systems
1
Topics:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Topics:
Market Trends and Regulations
Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process
Summary
Combustion Process Powertrain
Summary
2Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Topics:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Market Trends and Regulations
Topics:
Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process Combustion Process Powertrain
Summary Summary
3Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Changing Requirements
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Changing Requirements
CO2 / Fuel Economy
ResourcesResources
Emissions (HC, CO, NOx, Particulates)
CO2 / Fuel Economy
1970 1980 1990 2000 2020 2040 2060
• ACEA-Selbstverpflichtung
2008: 140g/km (-25%) Power / Comfort
1970 1980 1990 2000 2020 2040 2060
Bosch Innovations
Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.4
0 14 US PC/LD Emissions Evolution:
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
0 10
0.12
0.14
- 95%
US PC/LD Emissions Evolution:
Tier 1
0.08
0.10
[g/m
i]
Bin 10
- 88% - 90%
- 88%
Tier 1
Tier 2
0.04
0.06
PM
Bin 9 2006 vehicles1999 vehicles
Bin 8
0.00
0.02 Bin 8
0 07
Bin 50.01Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8
0.01Bin 8Bin 8
Bin 2NOx [g/mi]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.07 1.2 1.4Bin 22009 Clean Diesel Vehicles
More than 90% red ction in criteria emissions in 10 ears
Bin 2Bin 2
5Diesel Systems
More than 90% reduction in criteria emissions in 10 years
D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Development CO2 fleet targets“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Development CO2 fleet targets
250 10,5 22,3 9,5
l/100 mpg km/lkm
US CAFE
?
9,4 24,9 10,6
200 8,4 27,9 11,97,5 31,2 13,3km
LT
Cars 35 5 mpg* ?150 6,3 37,2 15,9 5,7 41,5 17,5
100 4,2 55,7 23,8g C
O2
/ Cars 35.5 mpg
54 5 *
-5%
Gasoline
3,8 62,3 26,3
50 2,1 113 47,6… …
54.5 mpg*
CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy PC = Passenger Cars LT / LDT = Light Trucks (pick-ups, vans, SUVs) CARB = California Air Resources Board mpg = miles per gallon
2030 2050
Gasoline(Diesel)
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
* Combined fleet average
Diesel Systems
Stringent requirements by 2025
D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.6
MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data
7070 Subcompact Car Compact Car Midsize Car Large CUVPasscar Fleet
Bosch Footprint Based Segments
55
60
65
pg
)
55
60
65
70
pg)
Subcompact Car 5% 201629% 202155% 2025
Compact Car 8% 201633% 202160% 2025
Midsize Car 17% 2016 44% 2021 73% 2025
Large CUV 21% 2016 49% 2021 79% 2025
Passcar Fleet 15% 2016 41% 2021 70% 2025
Large SUV 58% 2016 95% 2021
40
45
50
55
Eco
no
my
(m
40
45
50
55
Eco
nom
y (m
p
MY 2025
MY 2021
95% 2021 134% 2025
25
30
35
40
Fu
el E
25
30
35
40
Fuel
E
MY 2016Small CUV 25% 2016 54% 2021
Large Car 29% 2016
MY 2021
20
25
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70Footprint (sqft)
20
25
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70Footprint (sqft) Source: Martec 2011/Bosch
54% 2021 85% 2025
59% 2021 91% 2025
/
MY2017 - MY2025 targets based on corrected NPRM 11/30/11
Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.7
MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data
7070
Gasoline and Diesel Passenger Cars
Jetta Sedan BMW 3 SeriesGolf DieselJetta Sportwagon Diesel BMW 3 Series Audi A3
55
60
65
pg
)
55
60
65
pg)
Jetta SedanDiesel
17% above 2016 2% 2021 23% 2025
BMW 3-SeriesDiesel
0% 2016 23% 2021 48% 2025
Golf Diesel15% above 2016 4% 2021 25% 2025
Jetta Sportwagon Diesel 14% above 2016 6% 2021 28% 2025
BMW 3-SeriesGasoline
31% 2016 62% 2021 94% 2025
Audi A3 Diesel
25% above 20167% above 2021 11% 2025
40
45
50
55
Eco
no
my
(m
40
45
50
55
Eco
nom
y (m
p
MY 2025
MY 2021
J S G li
25
30
35
40
Fu
el E
25
30
35
40
Fuel
E
MY 2016
Jetta Sportwagon Gasoline 18% 2016 46% 2021 75% 2025
Audi A3 Gasoline 13% 2016
Golf Gasoline 18% 2016
Jetta SedanGasoline
15% 2016
20
25
40 45 50Footprint (sqft)
20
25
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50Footprint (sqft) Source: Martec 2011
39% 2021 66% 2025
46% 2021 76% 2025
42% 2021 70% 2025
RBNA/MKR, C/AIR-NA | 2/20/2012 | 110728 CO2 Standard Customer Presentation | © 2012 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
MY2017 - MY2025 targets based on corrected NPRM 11/30/11
8
DS-NA Key Indicators
U.S. Clean Diesel Vehicle Launch Calendar
New Vehicle Launches by
2018= 36
U.S. Clean Diesel Vehicle Launch Calendar2013 2014 2015 2016≤
Audi A6 (3.0L)
Audi A7 (3.0L)
Audi A8 (3.0L)
Ch l C (2 0L)
BMW 325 (2.0L)
Chevrolet Cruze (2.0L)
Mazda 6 (2.2L)
MB E250 (2.2L)
VW Beetle Conv. (2.0L)
Audi Q5 (3.0L)Q ( )
Jeep Grand Cherokee (3.0L)
MB GLK 250 (2.2L)
MB ML 250 (2 2L)MB ML 250 (2.2L)
Ford Transit (3.2L)
DS/MKL1-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Diesel Systems
Announced by OEM = Not Announced by OEM
9
Topics:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Market Trends and Regulations
Topics:
Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process
Summary
Combustion Process Powertrain
Summary
10Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Powertrain diversification for Today and the Future
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Powertrain diversification for Today and the Future gasoline
EV /range extender
EV (b tt /dieselgasoline
gasoline
diesel
dual fuel
EV / fuel cell
EV / battery EV (battery /fuel cell)
alternative fuelsdiesel alternativefuels
hybridhybrid
EV /range extender
1997 2010 2015
range extender
?V i t f T h i l l ti d d t dd d ti
DS/ENS-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Diesel Systems
Variety of Technical solution needed to address energy reduction
11
New powertrains: Estimated world market volumes“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
120 112117
New powertrains: Estimated world market volumes
80
100
Veh
icle
s]
ICE (gasoline / diesel / FlexFuel)
87
84
105109
4
60
es [M
io. V
g
Full Electric Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicles (w/ ICE Engine)
(93%)(93%)
84
20
40
Vol
ume
Others (CNG, LPG)
.267 1 44 1 72
(96%)
02013 2018 2020
2.014.756
1.444.81.45
1.725.361.64
Source: Internal
Internal Combustion Engines will remain the predominant power train for the near future
Diesel Systems
Internal | DS/MKL1-NA | 1/2013 | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.12
Optimizing the Diesel System“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Optimizing the Diesel System
Combustion Process
Powertrain
Hybrid Technology
Air Management
Combustion Process Reduction of
compression ratio Combustion
i
Hybrid Technology
Swirl-/Throttle Valve
Turbo Charger/VGT*
strategies
Exhaust gas management
Fast Catalyst Light-Off (reduce thermal losses)Fuel Injection System Tolerance Reduction
Diesel Particulate Filter
NOx storage catalyst
Catalystst temp control
New Generations Multiple Injections Reduced Tolerance
Zero Fuel Calibration
Fuel Balancing Control
Individual Cylinder Optimized Nozzle Control
*VGT= Variable Geometry TurboDiesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.14
Optimizing the Diesel System“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Optimizing the Diesel System
Combustion Process
Powertrain
Hybrid Technology
Air Management
Combustion Process Reduction of
compression ratio Combustion
i
Hybrid Technology
Swirl-/Throttle Valve
Turbo Charger/VGT*
strategies
Exhaust gas management
Fast Catalyst Light-Off (reduce thermal losses)Fuel Injection System Tolerance Reduction
Diesel Particulate Filter
NOx storage catalyst
Catalystst temp control
New Generations Multiple Injections Reduced Tolerance
Zero Fuel Calibration
Fuel Balancing Control
Individual Cylinder Optimized Nozzle Control
*VGT= Variable Geometry TurboDiesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.23
22 NOX SootHybrid: No longer a gasoline story
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
P [
bar] 15
20
18
20 Fuel Consumption in g/kWh
NOX Soot
High Low
Hybrid: No longer a gasoline story
BM
EP
5
10
ar]
14
16
230
210
220
220
Low
High
1000 2000 3000 40000
N [1/min]1000 2000 3000 4000
BM
EP
[ba
8
10
12
230230
220
20CO HC
4
6
8
300270
270
240 240
240
BM
EP
[ba
r]10
15 Low Low
1000 2000 3000 40000
2
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000500
500
500400 400
400300300
300270 270 B
0
5
1000 2000 3000 4000
High HighDisadvantage Area
24
Engine Speed [rpm]Engine Speed [rpm] Engine Speed [rpm]
Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Mild H b idStrong Hybrid Strong Hybrid
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Mild HybridStrong Hybridw/ mech. drive
Strong Hybridw/o mech. drive
ElectricalPower demand
Low Mid High
Recuperation Potential
Low High High
Performance inEl t i D i i
Very Low High Very highElectric Driving
y g y g
Efficiency Chain of Drivetrain
Mid High Mid
CO Potential Mid High MidCO2 Potential Mid High Mid
Architectures IMGengineengine Clutch or
t/conengine
motor
Battery+ - Invertermotor
AMT or ATmech. coupled
clutchAT w/o t/con or AMT
AT: Automatic Transmissiont/con: torque converterAMT: Automated Manual Transmission
Elimination of engine low load area requires pure electrical driving
25Diesel Systems
Parallel architecture with a single clutch is a smart solution with low complexity
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Parallel Strong Hybrid – Single ClutchParallel Strong Hybrid – Single Clutch
• Diesel Engine: DI 1.6l, Pmax = 85 kW
• Gearbox: 6-speed AMT
k
Diesel Engine E-Motor
Gearbox • E-Motor: IMG, Pmax = 25 kW
• Battery: Li-Ion, Capacity = 1.5 kWh
SES
AMT: Automated Manual TransmissionIMG: Integrated Motor Generator SES: Standard Electric Starter
Elimination of engine low load area requires pure electrical driving
26Diesel Systems
Parallel architecture with a single clutch is a smart solution with low complexity
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
0h Split Test:
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
-400
-200
Cha
rge
in W
h
Full Test (NEDC)S lit T t (UDC EUDC)
Split Test:Battery balance is also forced at the end of UDC
-800
-600
Sta
te o
f C Split Test (UDC + EUDC)Vehicle Speed
100%
mis
sion
ctio
nal)
Conventional VehicleHybrid Full Test
UDC EUDC
iona
l*)
~20 % CO2 reduction
2
50%
75%
tive
CO
2 E
mt o
f con
venc Hybrid - Full Test
Hybrid - Split test
t of c
onve
nti
CO2 emission reductionby combining urbanwith extra urban driving
0%
25%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Cum
ulat
(per
cen
t(p
er c
ent
* Basis: CO2 Emission in g
with extra urban driving
27
Time in s
Diesel Systems
2 gof Conventional Vehicle in NEDC
NEDC=New European Driving CycleUDC=Urban Driving CycleEUDC=Extra Urban Driving Cycle
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Basis: CO2 Emission in g/km of Conventional Vehicle* in NEDC
tiona
l*)
nt o
f con
vent
-9%25%
(per
cen
NE
DC
UD
C
EU
DC
NE
DC
UD
C
EU
DC
NE
DC
UD
C
EU
DC
C ti l V hi l HEV F ll T t HEV S lit T tConventional Vehicle HEV – Full Test HEV – Split Test
*Conventional Vehicle: 1470 kg IW, 1.6 l Diesel Engine, Euro 5; HEV: 1590 kg IW, 1.6 l Diesel Engine + 25 kW E-Motor
28
Reduced CO2 emission difference between urban and extra urban driving with hybrid
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Diesel Systems
Topics:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Market Trends and Regulations
Topics:
Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process Combustion Process Powertrain
Summary Summary
29Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Summary:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013
Summary:
Cont. work ongoing to further improve fuel economy Diesel will maintain advantage compared to gasoline
LEV III work ongoing N T h l i id i i b fit
Diesel will maintain advantage compared to gasoline
New Technologies provide emissions benefit
GHG reduction work ongoing
Full system approach required to meet
New Technologies provide GHG benefit
y pp q FE and criteria emission targets
30Diesel Systems
D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.