The verb
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AREA OF THE EDUCATION, ART AND COMUNICATION
ENGLISH LANGUGE DEPARTMENT
SYNTAX AND MORPHOLOGY
VERBS
DAYRA YANANGÓMEZ BEATRIZ MACASLUISA MOROCHO
MODULO V GROUP «A»
Dr. PAOLA MORENO
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LOJA
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MEANING:VERB IS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF ALL SENTENCES AND IT CONTROLS THE ACTION IN THE SENTENCES
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TYPES OF VERB
S
AUXILIARY AND
LEXICAL VERBS
DYNAMIC AND STATIVE VERBS
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
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AUXILIARY VERBSWE USE THESE VERBS WITH ANOTHER VERB TO MAKE QUESTIONS, NEGATIVE SENTENCES AND TENSES
PRIMARY AUXILIARIES: The verb BE are am, is, are, were and wasThe cat is licking his paw.
The verb HAVE are have, had and has. I have been at school
The verb DO are do, does and didDoes he drive that car?
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LD, MAY, MUST, CANOULD I CAN PLAY GUITAR
Present Tense Past Tensecan couldmay mightmust --ought --shall shouldwill would
We use to show ideas such as: Possibility , permission, ability, and so on.The principles modal auxiliaries are:
MODAL VERBS:
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LEXICAL VERBS.
IT IS ANY VERB IN ENGLISH THAT IS NOT AN AUXILIARY VERB. IT HAS A REAL MEANING IN OTHER WORDS DOESN´T DEPEND OF ANOTHER VERB
THE TOAD JUMPS WITH THE ROPE
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DYNAMIC VERBS
They indicate an action.Examples:
• I bought a new guitar• She swept her room
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STATIVE VERBS.Stative verbs are verbs that describe a state rather
than an action and you can’t use the continuous (‘-ing’) form.
STATIVE (non-action) VERBS
Appear, be, believe, feel, hate, have, hear, know, like, look, love, need, prefer, remember, see, seem, sound, think, understand, want.
STATIVE VERB CORRECT USAGE INCORRECT USAGE
Like I like you. I am liking you.
Love I love you. I am loving you.
Hate I hate you. I am hating you
Believe I believe in God. I am believing in God.
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REGULAR VERBS A regular verb(also know as a weak verb) forms the
past tense and past participle by adding -d or -ed to the base form
Like: Liked, Liked
RULES• 1.-If the verb ends with the vowel “e”, only ‘d’ is added. For
example:
• PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE Share Shared Smile Smiled
• 2.-If the verb ends with a consonant, ‘ed’ is added. For example:• PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE Want Wanted Shout Shouted Kill Killed
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IRREGULAR VERBSIrregular verbs (also known as strong
verbs) form the past tense or the past participle (or both) in various ways but most often by changing the vowel of the present tense form. For example:
Drink: drank, drunk Read: read, read.
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TRANSITIVE VERBS They are followed by a direct object in which the
action is directly passed off onto. • Lucy went to the park direct object
INTRANSITIVE VERBSAn Intransitive verbs may be followed by an
adverb, there is no object to receive its action.• Cesar rises slowly from her seat. adverb• Mary cooks Mary cooks lunch intransitive transitive
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THE VERBS HAVE FIVE CHARACTERISTICS
NUMBERPERSON VOICE
MOOD TENSE
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EXAMPLES:I made a cake. (1st person)You are a good friend. (2nd person)He is a doctor. (3rd person)
PERSON.- Identifies the subject of a sentence.
1st person-the one speaking
(I, we)
2nd person-the one spoken to
(you)
3rd person-the one spoken of (they, he, she,
it)
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EXAMPLES:We are talking about the quote.(plural)She is going to sing in the concert.(singular)
NUMBER
The number of a verb tells how many subjects are performing or receiving the action, singular or plural.
SINGULAR: I, you, he, she, it.
PLURAL: we, you, they.
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EXAMPLES:Active Voice – “John gave the book to Mark”
“Julia made the cake”Passive Voice "The book was given to Mark“
“The cake was made by Julia”by John”
VOICEIndicates whether the subject• performing the action
(Active voice) or • receiving the action
(Passive Voice)
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Indicates the manner in which an action is performed or received.
MOOD
INDICATIVE: when the sentence is presented as a fact
EXAMPLE: John gave the book to Mark.
IMPERATIVE: when the sentence is presented as a command
EXAMPLE: Give the book to Mark
SUBJUNCTIVE: when the sentence is one of doubt or condition
EXAMPLE: If I were President, I would lower taxes
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TENSEIt denotes the time of the action
Simple PresentSimple PastSimple FuturePresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture PerfectPresent Continuous/Present ProgressivePast Continuous/Past ProgressiveFuture Continuous/Future ProgressivePresent Perfect Continuous/Present Perfect ProgressivePast Perfect Continuous/Past Perfect ProgressiveFuture Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect Progressive
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Simple PresentTHEY ARE DOGS.
Simple Past SHE WAS A HAPPY HADA
Simple FutureI WILL SEND YOU A GIFT
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Present PerfectHE HAS READ A BOOK
Past Perfect HE HAD COOKED IN THE KITCHEN
Future PerfectCESAR WILL HAVE SURFTED IN THE BEACH
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Present Continuous/Present ProgressiveTHE SQUIRREL IS EATING NUTS
Past Continuous/Past Progressive CARPENTER WAS MAKING A TABLE
Future Continuous/Future ProgressiveSHE IS GOING TO WALK.
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Present Perfect Continuous/Present Perfect ProgressiveYOU HAVE BEEN WAITING HERE FOR TWO HOURS.
Past Perfect Continuous/Past Perfect ProgressiveSHE HAD BEEN TALKING FOR OVER AN HOUR BEFORE TONY ARRIVED.
Future Perfect Continuous/Future Perfect ProgressiveMARY WILL HAVE BEEN TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY
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