CONTENTS

The Invisible Network - In the Country - Humane Slaughter

B ^ Again - Recipes - Meetings - Holidays - News

and Shopping with Eva

VEGAN SOCIETY LIMITED President: Jack Sanderson Deputy President: Serena Coles

Vice-Presidents: Eva Batt, Jay Dinshah, Catherine Nimmo

Winifred Simmons, Mabel Simmons

Council: Eva Batt, Serena Coles, Christopher Hall, Kathleen Jannaway,

Jack Sanderson, Grace Smith, Alpay Torgut

Treasurer: Grace Smith

Hon. Secretary: Kathleen Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead,

Surrey

Assistant Secretary: Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn,

nr. Machynlleth, Gwynedd, SY20 9LW , Wales.

SUBSCRIPTIONS: £2.00 yearly. Additional members at same address and not

requiring extra Journal, and unwaged, £1.00. Journal

subscriptions only: £1.60 yearly.

Editors of " T H E V E G A N " quarterly journal: Jack Sanderson and Kathleen

Jannaway (who do not necessarily agree with, all opinions expressed in it or

endorse advertisements).

Publication dates: 21 March, June, September, December.

Copy dates: 1st of preceding month.

The Vegan Society was formed in 1944 by a group of vegetarians who had become

aware of the suffering inseparable from the dairy industry and decided to omit

all animal products from their diet. Its advantages as regards human health and

the wise use of the world's resources became apparent and in 1964 it was

granted Charity status. In 1979 it became a Limited Company and its Charity

status was confirmed. Its declared object is "to further knowledge of and inter-

est in sound nutrition and in veganlsm and the vegan method of agriculture as a

means of increasing the potential of the earth to the physical, moral and econ-

omic advantage of mankind".

Veganism is defined as a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom to

the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives (the

taking of honey being left to individual conscience). It encourages the study and

use of alternatives for all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from

animals. Free from commitment to any religious, political, philosophical,

social, dietary or medical group, members of the Vegan Society endeavour to

co-operate with all who are seeking a positive way forward for mankind.

THE INVISIBLE NETWORK ^ f i When we look at the dark earth during the winter months we may be unaware

of the invisible network of the root systems of the trees, bushes and perennials

which at different levels are preparing for the great upsurge of life in the spring.

When we rise in consciousness over our great towns and cities and look down

upon them, we may look beyond the moving lines of pedestrians and traffic to

the in viable network of linkages of people in hundreds of ways, each person be-

longing to many networks and being a nucleus in his or her own right. In a

city like London, there will be scores of thousands of networks : the customers

of a particular shop, the people who use a particular bus route, the patients of

a certain doctor, the members of a local theatre club, three or four generations

of a particular family, the children at a certain school, the members of a given

church, the voters in a ward, the ratepayers in a borough - the list is huge and

the systems of networks very complex. Laurence Main has set up a network of

Vegan Contacts all over the country so that new members can meet, 'phone or

write to someone relatively near who can help them and inform them of local

groups and activities of our own or sister organisations. House groups , with

or without vegan meals or snacks are a growing feature of our time.

A few years ago I attended a New Age Congress at Florence which the organ-

isers hoped would play a part in ushering in a New Renaissance. Certainly

many who were there are doing inspiring work in various parts of the world.

Much change seems to happen by choice or chance. English has evolved into a

a world language. Jeans, Elvis and the Beatles seem to have been adopted by

a large part of the world"s youth; film stars are known in most countries. News

papers, journals and books, travel and jet planes, radio and particularly tele-

vision and satellites are speeding up and changing the habits of our thinking so

that our attention can zoom from our village to anywhere on earth in a second.

Consciously or unconsciously we think less of nations and boundaries and more

of people, less of our differences of colour, culture and religion and more of

our similarities and common humanity. More people are beginning to think and

feel along symuiotic, terrestrial aid ecological lines. We must not think that

only we in our country have the forward looking groups - most countries have

them and all countries have those who yearn for change. Nearly a hundred

international conferences are held every week, whilst major efforts on a national

or international scale are trying to cope with the world's problems - so many

of which can be referred back to traditional compartmentalised thinking on

national and religious lines. Such organisations as the United Nations, the Red

Cross, the Friends (Quakers), the Save the Children and Help the Aged Funds,

the Hunger Project Amnesty International and Aid Funds of all types are doing

massive and often unsung work in every corner of the globe. This merciful

and constructive work is not all concerned with people. Eradicate the Iteserts,

Save the Trees, Save the Wild Life, Prevent the Pollution and Rape of the Earth,

Conserve thje Resources and Recycle where possible, are all manifestations of

a new and growing awareness of our joint responsibility and stewardship of the

Earth and its life and future. Sooner or later most of those who are working in

these and allied fields become aware that they are part of a vast invisible net-

work covering the earth, each with his or her own task, challenge and oppor-

tunity, seeking to serve others or to bring in new impulses. Progress seems

come mostly in steps - an inspiration, an intuition, followed by a demonstration

and a reluctant but slow acceptance. Servers may be working in the orthodox

fields of religion, medicine and general healing of the mind and body, whilst a

growing number are turning to alternative methods, some drawn from other

cultures and some pioneered recently by aspiring adventurous souls in an evident

desire to serve. Members of this network do not necessarily wear badges or

have high qualifications, yet they will soon recognise each other and have great

joy in learning of each other's work. They will have a sense of belonging to this

active .invisible, leaderless (?) fellowship. Characteristics of this Aquarian

Consciousness will be the acceptance of personal responsibilty for some part

however small of the life of the earth, near and further afield; a desire to heal

the self and others in all kingdoms; a capacity to share and work with others

where co-operation is desirable; a sense of loving and caring that is tangible,

joyous and infectious; and an inner strength that is courageous and tenacious

and not easily deflected by discouragement and temporary difficulties.

Each server in this invisible network may have an inward vision of the

possible nature of a modern human being when they apply and practise all the

help and information which is now available to them so that they will change from

being the victims of life to its masters. The principles of veganism for instance,

when fully applied, will provide nutrition for the body and for the whole being.

The various cells of the human body may appear quite different in structure

and function depending on whether they are part of the brain, a bone, a muscle

the tongue or an eye. Yet all have developed from a single cell at conception,

and deep down in the consciousness of each cell is the knowledge of this capacity

to develop and evolve in other ways. Similarly we may be aware of our common

source and togetherness in a great design. Some, but not all, members of the net-

work become aware thai it is not limited to human beings on earth but includes

invisible entities at various levels whose task is concerned with the involution

and evolution of all earth life. Working with them and using our own talents

and talents beyond our own, we can become co-creators - each of us a seed that

becomes a growing shoot in the divine spring.

J.Sanderson.

"It is almost a commonplace today to find men who, quite naturally and

unaffectedly, live in the explicit consciousness of being an atom or a citizen

of the universe. " Teihard de Chardin.

2

IN THE COUNTRY by Laurence Main

Many "animal-loving" town-dwellers have a naive sentimentality about cows adorning meadows and chickens scratching in farmyards. The dairy and poultry industries exploit these images when advertising their products. Some people see the vegan diet as a direct threat to this illusion. In fact the traditional English countryside is already being destroyed by an agricultural equivalent of the industrial revolution that is well under way in chillingly Orwellian proportions. This was stimulated by the second world war, which emphasised the need for Britain to become more self-sufficient in food. Since then quick profits have become the prime motive, factory methods have been applied to farming and our landscape and its wildlife has suffered disastrously.

HEDGEROW DESTRUCTION

The most apparent change has been the ripping out of hedgerows and the felling of trees to create large fields without any obstructions for modern agricultural machines. These are often twenty or thirty feet wide and require considerable room to manoeuvre. With a quarter of our hedgerows (approximately 120,000 miles) removed between 1946 and 1974, our countryside is in danger of becoming a dull uniform prairie devoid of wildlife. One Huntingdon sample, quoted'in Marion Shoard's "The Theft of the Country-side", showed 80% of the hedgerow trees had been cleared between 1947 and 1972.

The original land-cover for most of Britain was deciduous trees. The destruction of our great forests is a major historical tragedy. The mass felling of our oaks for shipbuilding in the Napoleonic wars totally exterminated a variety of oak with a tannin-free acorn that could well have formed a staple fare of Ancient British people and was almost certainly specially selected, nurtured and propagated by them. Nowadays to reintroduce it in Britain we would probably have to import acorns from tannin-free American oaks. Our modern farmers are speedily cutting down the surviving tree population. As the trees go, so does the wildlife. There is afforestation, but factory-style greed has replaced the longer-term deciduous trees with dull blocks of conifer monoculture. These "factory-trees" are often imported species, liable to disease (and, therefore, pesticides) and fail to attract wildlife. In Dorset, for example, conifers were a tiny minority of the trees when Thomas Hardy was writing "The Woodlanders", but conifers now outnumber deciduous trees there by more than three to one.

TRADITIONAL GRASSLANDS

The most insidious assault on our countryside has been the ryegrass revolution. Chemical ryegrass monoculture is designed to produce milk more quickly. To the casual observer, one grass may look just like any other, but this modern aid to the dairy industry has put our riverside meadows and our chalk downland, so rich in wildlife and such a joy to walk on, at a premium. The Italian ryegrass suffers from that vulnerability to disease so preval-ent in exotic monoculture species and needs careful handling, so walking is discouraged and pesticides are employed.

TREES

3

ANCIENT MONUMENTS

Half of the Wiltshire Downs were ploughed up between 1937 and 1971. The Wiltshire Downs were once the cradle of British civilisation and are rich in prehistoric monuments. Many are now only visible as markings from the air as the county turns into a vast barley prairie. We don't know why ancient people patterned our landscape with their tumuli and standing stones. If present policies prevail, we may never have the chance to investigate them as 250 out of 640 scheduled ancient monuments in Wiltshire were destroyed or badly damaged between 1954 and 1964. Such destruction may provoke untold damage as one increasingly popular school of thought is that these ancient monuments were marking power centres and ley-lines which channel the Life-Force around the planet. We may be tampering with a system designed to promote the health and fertility of the Earth.

WILD LIFE BURNS The modern farmer is achieving maximum yield, but at a cost. No time is wasted on

fallow fields or crop rotation. "Big Oil" has addicted our farmland to chemical fertilisers and pesticides. Any wildlife not destroyed by such treatment has to face the new common practice of stubble-burning. Machines have replaced men. Regular full-time farm labourers numbered 563,000 in 1948. In 1979 the figure was only 133,000, explaining the decline in rural life. Country bus services, schools and shops have all disappeared, while country cottages often serve only as holiday-homes. We risk becoming a nation of battery-people.

MAXIMUM YIELD

The principle of national parks would seem to secure at least the best scenery from such ravages. Since Exmoor became a national park in 1954, however, its treasured moor-land has been reduced by one-fifth as 12,000 acres have come under the plough. Other land is left wild by farmers in return for compensation which can only gain temporary relief and which forms an expensive precedent. The destruction of our environment is considered a small price by some farmersanxious to maximise their subsidy from the tax-payer and to contribute to the E.E.C. milk and butter mountains. Farmers are practically above the law when it comes to how they manage the land. They monopolise rural councils and have effective publicity, including radio and television programmes. Pleas from con-cerned bodies such as naturalists concerned at the destruction of sites of special scientific interest or ramblers wishing to clear and waymark footpaths fall on deaf ears - perhaps 2% will reply to letters. All this behaviour is given official sanction because agriculture is seen by our rulers as without question the prime use of the countryside. Tax concessions and subsidies encourage investing in huge machinery, "improving" land and erecting battery-buildings. On average, each farmer in England receives about £8,500 a year from the tax-payer and consumer subsidiser for such work.

FOR WHAT ?

In spite of the destruction of the countryside by these modern agro-business methods, we still import nearly half our food. This is because of our animal-product diet. The key to economical land use is proper diet! In 1979 a staggering 92% of all U.K. farmland was devoted to feeding livestock, while £548 million was spent on imported feedstuffs. Expert investigation at Reading University has shown that an argriculture producing food for a vegan population would enable the U.K. to become self-sufficient in food on about a quarter of our present acreage of farmland, thus releasing our countryside from its present crippling pressures. We could easily afford to cease our factory-farming malpractices, plant more deciduous trees and protect more land for wildlife and recreation.

4

THE VEGAN IDEAL

The vegan ideal is for fruits, vegetables and cereals to be grown in small fields, in proper rotation. These would be surrounded with fruit and nut trees to give protection, check erosion and create micro-climates. Fertility would be maintained by plant composting and green manuring. The use of human labour would provide an answer to unemployment and • the decline in physical health associated with working in factories. This could form the basis of a resettlement of the countryside in small, human, units. There is no need to replace the tractor with the horse, which would cost more in terms of money, attention and land to feed than a tractor run on alcohol produced from plants. The move towards the consumption of a wider variety of locally-grown foods would avoid wasted energy in transport, packaging and marketing, while less land would be needed for roads.

LAND TO SPARE About half of our 47 million acres of agricultural land is suitable for growing crops, so

we would have plenty of land to spare after using the 10-12 million acres that the experts, such as Kenneth Mellanby, author of "Can Britain Feed Itself?" and Professor Watkin Williams, Head of the Dept. of Agricultural Botany at Reading University, agree on being enough land to feed a vegan population. This figure does not include some of our best land which is now covered by towns. Allotment and garden produce has yeilded more food per acre than comparable farmland. We could barter our surplus of wheat, for example, for the enjoyment of foreign foods, but our 5.6 million acres of barley will not be needed unless we are still addicted to alcohol. Grapes could become as familiar a sight in southern England as has maize in recent years. Grown mainly as a cattle feed crop, maize is becoming an increasingly popular food for people, perhaps it could also be used as a source of cooking oil. Oil seedrape is already an established crop and varieties of lupin, linseed and sunflower could also provide oil.

DECIDUOUS TREES

There would be land to grow more of the broad-leaved trees which formed the original soil-cover and which can be a haven for wildlife and a source of recreation, as at the Queen Elizabeth Country Park, near Petersfield, Hampshire, today. Employment would be given to foresters, wardens and the tourist trade. A more dispersed population would encourage our diminishing rural public transport system and other services. The lowland farmer who has invested in animal husbandry will need help but government intervention has been prominent in our agricultural policy in the past and the switch to a vegan argriculture should pose few problems for the lowlands. The resettlement of unemployed townspeople of large country estates is a political problem, with one answer being John Seymour's land tax, as outlined in his book "Bring Me My Bow". Schemes for the reclaiming of disused industrial land for allotments are already being seen as an answer to the problems of inner-cities, with Liverpool taking an active lead.

TREES FOR ENERGY Half the British sheep population of 28 million is now grazing on the upland half of

our country, which also grazes some cattle and a few deer. Experiments in farming sheep "humanely" for their wool only, as practised by Peter Segger in his non-dairy vegetarian hill-farm in Wales (see "Resurgence", September-October, 1977) are worthy of note, especially as by selecting the best wool breeds he has made enough money from the sale of wool to compensate for not selling his sheep for their mutton. Sheep graze where trees once flourished, however, and a vegan culture would allow the sensible return of this natural tree-cover. Trees offer a practical, safe and renewable solution to our future energy problems. Storing energy for use at will, they allow versatile conversion and products. Bio-

fuel production can proceed dependent on the technology already available and with the minimum capital outlay. Individual farmers could grow and make their own, free of the stranglehold of international companies anxious to extract the last drop of fossil fuel from the Earth. The added tree-cover, would check increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

LAND FOR THE RAMBLER

Trees have lost favour with the very people who should gain most from a vegan country-side, however. Both the Ramblers' Association and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds have warned against increased afforestation. Their campaign against afforestation is an understandable reaction to the imposition by central government on some of our most beautiful landscapes of dark, geometric, unappealing plantations of spruce and pine, regarded as a "strategic reserve" after the first world war had underlined the U.K.'s dependence on imports. What ramblers "...have always opposed is the dead hand of mono-culture, especially the blanketing of our countryside with conifers..." (Howard Hill, author of "Freedom to Roam", writing in "The Great Outdoors",My 1980). Monoculture is the problem, not trees! Such plantations are an expression of the factory-farming on our hill-sides, with its priority being greed in the short-term. Such an attitude is the very antithesis of veganism. A vegan culture is in favour of variety and afforestation that is ecologically managed on the long-term sustained yeild basis. It is possible to follow contours and avoid hard lines when planting. Broad-leaved trees can be mixed in with conifers thus aiding wildlife, recreation and avoiding clear-cutting of large areas simultaneously. As well as a more aesthetic tree-planting policy, better public access, by foot, should be provided through the trees to the unplanted mountain tops.

UNLEASHING THE SHACKLES

A vegan diet is just one aspect of a better way of life. As a practical expression of our general attitude to the whole of life, it releases us from so many of the shackles that threaten to bind the predator in man to the destruction of himself and his environment. It is vital that all who realise this work together now to save our original and most precious national asset from destruction.

T R E E S N O T N U C L E A R P O W E R S T A T I O N S

From the vegan point of view the most important evidence given at the

Windscale inquiry in 1977 was by Professor DaVid Hall of Kings College. He

spoke of the energy, in the form of gas, electricity and liquid fuel that could

with modern technology be derived economically from plants. Now the idea of

growing crops for energy is widely accepted and it is beginning to be realised

that the necessary land would be available if it were not used for livestock.

According to Godfrey Brown writing in "The Telegraph" there was last

summer a meeting of the Common Market farm ministers ar- which, according

to Peter Walker, "one of the topics discussed was the longer term role for

European agriculture in the provision of energy. "

Professor Hall spoke of growing "alder, poplar, sycamore and eucal-

yptus " in England. We plan to make this topic a major feature of our publicity

this summer. Our leaflet of the above title,published in 1977 is available again.

K. J.

6 1

semmv's me Firstly, very many thanks to all those who have sent in their subscriptions.

The generous donations that accompanied many of them are much appreciated

and will prove most useful in launching new projects. It will be understood that,

since postage is so high we cannot acknowledge subscriptions unless S. A. E. are

enclosed. I would like to emphasise again that the witness of those who cannot

afford the full subscription is much appreciated, which is why we keep subscrip-

tions so low.

Thankyou for the many encouraging letters that accompanied the subscriptions.

I very much value them and wish 1 could answer them all, but I know that mem-

bers would rather that I spent precious time promoting veganism. I regret that the subscription forms had no address on them. Requests for

literature should be sent to Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, MINLLYN,

Dinas Mawddwy, M A C H Y N L L E T H , SY20 9LW. All other correspondence

should be sent to 47 Highlands Road, L E A T H E R H E A D , Surrey,KT22 8NQ All

cheques should be made payable to The Vegan Society Ltd. and for those who

wish to remember us in their wills our Limited Company No. is 1468880

and our Registered Charity No. is 279228. I have several commitments

for the Society in various parts of the country this summer so please mark

letters PERSONAL and U R G E N T where relevant.

We get very few letters of criticism; we welcome constructive ones

but please remember our particular function as a Vegan Society which is to

promote a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom. The adoption

of such a way of life would do more than any other reform to relieve the suffer-

ing Of animals, to achieve the right use of the world's resources and to for-

ward the ideals preached by the founders of all the great religions and philo-

sophies but discredited by the actions of their followers. We co-operate with

other groups where possible (providing they are strictly non-violent - violence

is self-defeating) but see no sense in duplicating their work.

•We are planning a new film or video tape. Would parents of vegan children

who woulcTbe willing for them to appear ( at a location near London) please

let me know.

Courses in Richmond and London have been very well received. W e would

like them to be available in other parts of the country. Would any potential

teachers who would welcome a weekend residential course in Leatherhead

pleases write to me.

In "Food for a Future" Jon Wynne Tyson said "the logic of the vegan case is

absolute". The literature we publish and sell gives and supports that case.

Please buy, study, sell, present it. With members help the £50.00 donated by

G. Mc Cleod for providing copies of "Food for a Future" to libraries has been

used up : the Society is willing to continue the project, so please contact the

libraries in your area and ask them if they will accept the book (paperback only)

Similarly please ask your libraries if they will display, (not shut away in a

drawer) "The Vegan1' and we will gladly send it free. Kathleen Jannaway

" V E G A N DIETS SAFE FOR CHILDREN1

The "New Scientist" of December 10th reported on the survey of the health

of pre-school vegan children conducted by Dr. T . A. B. Sanders from the De-

partment of Nutrition Queen Elizabeths' College University of London. This

survey was sponsored by the Vegan Society and a report by Dr. Sanders

appeared recently in The Journal of Human Nutritioa A report is included

in the Vegan Society Publication "Vegan Mothers and Children" 70p. incl.

p. & p. together with reports on research into vegan pregnancy and lac-

tation. The "New Scientist" writer accedes that there were no signs of mal-

nutrition" - "but the parents of the children were well educated in the nutri-

tional requirements of their offspring and were able to provide a well bal-

anced diet" - "nutritionists recommend that all vegan parents seek the advice

of the Vegan Society".

A similar report appeared in "Here's Health" January 1982, with the Vegan

Society's address.

"BREAST FEEDING D O U B L E S RESISTANCE"

Both the above reports emphasised the fact the Vegan Society and vegan

mothers attach great importance to breast feeding. It has been strongly advo-

cated since the early days of the Society and is now being recommended by

most paediatricians and encouraged in hospitals - not long ago it was difficult

for mothers to breast feed in hospital. Reports on the advantages of breast

feeding appear frequently. "Further confirmation that breast-feeding of

babies is associated with their health comes from a study in Central African

country of Rwanda. Of 2,339 children under the age of two, those, who were

admitted to a hospital in Kigali whilst still on the breast had double the resis-

tance to diarrhoea, measles and respiratory infections, and half the death

rate of those already weaned on admission. "News Line" 29.9.81

The study lends additional weight to the demands for stringent controls

on the marketing of artificial baby foods in the third world, and for an ade-

quate diet for the mothers. "

" B A T T L E OF T H E BREAST"

In spite of wide knowledge of the importance of breast feeding British

makers of artificial baby foods are still promoting their products. A report

"Breast or Bottle" published by "War on Want" and obtainable from them •

467 Caledonian Road, London N7 9BE for £1.00 cites nearly 1700 violations

of the voluntary code of practice endorsed last May by the World Health

Authority under which baby milk companies would only advertise in specialist

grounds. By wide and varied advertisements - and free gifts - the idea that

bottle-feeding is normal in the modern family is being promoted.

8

HUMANE SLAUGHTER & I

Plans to extend ritual slaughter facilities in this country are meeting growing opposition. It is doubtful whether the petition forms being assiduously circulated will have the desired effect but one welcome result may be to make people more aware of the connection between the living animals they like to see decorating the countryside and the meat they habitually consume. Some may well be led to find out what happens to transform the legs of the skipping lambs of their poems and hymns into the joints they carve for their Sunday dinner. They will then discover that there is little justification for believing that the animals subjected to so called "humane" slaughter die without pain or stress. They will have to face the fact that modern slaughter house methods help the slaughtermen and the self deception of consumers more than they relieve the sufferings of animals. Let us hope that it will bring some of them to consider the vegan way of life. Lacto-vegetarians will discover that baby calves, the inevitable by-products of the milk industry, often suffer more than most animals.

Painful though the exercise may be, it is necessary that those concerned to lessen animal suffering should study the slaughter methods commonly used. Comparatively few people are deliberately cruel to animals, most are ignorant, sometimes wilfully so, of the degree to which their eating habits depend on animal suffering. The chief function of the Vegan Society is to dispel that ignorance, to raise consciousness to the point of revulsion and to promote a better way of living.

The information that follows has been gleaned from sources that cannot be suspected of bias towards veganism. (see referencesI

Slaughter Methods in the United Kingdom

Legislation in the United Kingdom makes obligatory the use of stunning pens in the slaughter of adult cattle, it prohibits the slaughter of animals in the sight of others and states that either a mechanical or electrical stunning device must be used, o r , in the case of pigs, a carbon dioxide stunning unit. The laws are relaxed in deference to the customs of certain religious groups who are allowed to engage in "ritual slaughter".

Ritual slaughter involves the throat slitting of concious animals. So called humane methods require stunning before the throat slitting. The ritual methods were devised originally to reduce the barbarity of butchery. Similarly, considerable thought and effort has been given to inventing devices by means of which animals can be rendered uncon-scious of the death cuts. In practice, especially in view of the growing millions of animals involved, both methods fail to prevent the suffering of highly sentient creatures, suffering that is quite unjustifiable now that vegans have successfully pioneered a way of living that brings great advantages to humankind and the whole of life.

Mechanical Stunners

Captive bolt pistols are most commonly used for larger animals. If used efficiently the bolt pierces the skull and destroys part of the brain. However if the slaughterman fails

to position the tool carefully, if the animal moves its head at the last moment, if, as in the case of boars and sows, the skull bone is extra thick, then the bolt may not reach the brain effectively. This means that the animal may suffer the pain of being shot through the head and still go on to suffer the "sticking" i.e. the throating cutting, while conscious. Thus it will have had to endure two death blows. An article in the "Meat Trades Journal" July 31st 1980 says "Captive bolt stunners can be quite effective (in the proper hands) but can equally be the cause of unnecessary pain and suffering if used badly". Ritual slaughter if done effectively requires only one death blow, the throat cutting, but the period of consciousness probably lasts longer than with efficient use of the captive bolt.

Concussion stunners which deliver heavy blows without actually penetrating the skull are used in some countries. They do not spoil the saleability of the brains but consider-able experience and skill is needed to estimate the correct force of the blow. Too little means that the animal regains consciousness during sticking, too much shatters the skull and causes excessive convulsions.

Success depends a lot on method of restraint and although stunning pens are obliga-tory for cattle, it is difficult to design them so that the slaughtermen can stand in a convenient position to aim the stunning blow. The Midas bulletin No. 4 on "The stunning and bleeding of Cattle, Sheep and Pigs", published by the Meat Research Institute and Meat & Livestock Commission, admits that "the design of a high proportion of pens is unsatisfactory". The Ammerdown Report (see below) states "Restraint of calves to ensure accurate and effective stunning is difficult and this may lead to their being stuck whilst still conscious".

Electrical Stunning

Stunning by the use of scissor like electric tongs is used extensively for sheep, pigs and sometimes for calves. The Midas Bulletin emphasises that the apparatus must be posit-ioned correctly on the animals head, must be kept in position for sufficient time, the correct voltage and frequency must be used, details like the thickness of a sheeps wool, the presence of horns, the need to immerse the tongs regularly in saline solution, the heed to keep the electrodes free of corrosion must be attended to - "otherwise the animal may be paralysed without being rendered unconscious and may suffer severe pain". Alternatively the animal may be insufficiently stunned and regain consciousness before or during being "stuck". The article in the "Meat Trades Journal" referred to above says "Electrical stunning should be effective if the electrodes are positioned correctly, if the current is held for an adequate period". Two "ifs" in less than 10 seconds of operator time is not quite good enough especially if workmates want to keep their headage rates upl Paralysis of the animal without producing a state of unconsciousness is unfortunately common and lack of training is a contributory factor." "The present arrangements in the U.K. for operator training is both varied and at times little more than abysmal".

Carbon Dioxide

The rendering of pigs unconscious by immersing them in a mixture of carbon dioxide gas and air is little practised in the U.K. Although it makes it easier to stick the pigs, the units are expensive to instal and during the early stages of anaesthesia the pigs show extreme agitation. To quote the Ammerdown Report "there is considerable evidence that stunning by this method is a stressful procedure", and the Midas Report states

10 I 'v

"After Co2 stunning the pigs are in a relaxed anaesthetised state which allows shackling and sticking to be carried out easily and quickly but it is difficult to avoid stress while moving pigs into the gas. Observation of the animals during the onset of anaesthesia shows a succession of events which include panting, general agitation, convulsions of extensor muscles and squealing".

Transit and Marketing

Slaughter comes at the end of what can be a very long period of stress and fear during transport from farm or factory farm to slaughterhouse. For 50% of cows and calves and 70% of sheep there is the additional trauma of the auction markets. Badly designed vehicles and loading ramps, excessive use of force and inadequate understanding of animal behaviour, all contribute to physical damage and stress. At best some degree of stress is unavoidable because animals are separated from familiar surroundings and companions.

Frightened animals are often difficult to control. "The stick is gradually giving way to the electric goad which has placed a powerful tool in the hands of the drover. It is tempting to prod the part of the animal nearest to you and while it may relieve the tension in the operator it increases stress in the animal (Meat Traders Journal 20.8.81)"

"The pre-slaughter handling of baby calves is particularly difficult because of their immaturity. This makes droving time-consuming and renders the calf liable to physical damage when being moved", states the Arnmerdown Report. These baby animals are often only a few days old and yet, according to an article in "The New Scientist" 10.12.81., they may be "shunted from market to market" if they fail to find a buyer the first time offered.

Many slaughtermen complain at the slaughter of cal.ves. "They suck your fingers looking for milk. They're just babies". However, most become hardened by the practice of their trade and are more concerned to kill as many animals as possible per hour. Fully conscious calves may be stuck and bled - the violence of their death throes ensures a good bleed out and makes the veal fashionably white. These babies are the inevitable by-products of the industry that deposits the innocent looking bottles of milk onto so many doorsteps.

No mention of lambs is made in the reports but they must suffer similarly. It is difficult to get the electrode to function properly through their wooly curls and, since such babies are easy to over-power, slaughtermen are tempted to dispense with stunning procedures. Inspectors are few. Remember the newspaper reports on the Salisbury slaughterhouse a few years back? The Meat and Livestock Commission has estimated that 10% of all fat lambs have carcass damage and the Meat Research Institute has calculated that current losses due to physical damage to livestock costs the industry £3 million per annum and this figure takes no account of losses due to stress.

Pigs are particularly susceptible to stress - some literally die of fright before they reach the slaughter pens. "A 1977 report estimated that acute stress deaths cost the U. K. industry about £780,000 per year, and in the rest of Europe the losses are even more serious. (New Scientist 22.11.79)"

As with many of the evils of modern society the responsibility must lie at the doors of consumers. Many millions of highly developed animals with feelings all too human-like suffer and die annually for no better reason than to provide habitual palate satisfaction.

11

Reports in the meat industry press reveal that farmers, dealers, slaughtermen and others who have to witness and manipulate the driving and the butchery are not unaware of or entirely insensitive to the suffering involved, but the trade will go on until a drop in con-sumer demand takes the profit out of it. Many people still believe that animal products are necessary for health. Vegans have a heavy responsibility to show that they are not. They have proved that they can bear and bring up children healthily and live to a vigorous old age without using animal products. They must spread this knowledge.

For far too long self-respecting meat eaters and lacto-vegetarians have deluded themselves that their eating habits do hot cause suffering because "the animals are killed humanely." Knowledge will soon destroy their complacency. In supporting the petition against ritual slaughter they will lay themselves open to the jibes "People in glass houses shouldn't throw stones" unless they discipline themselves to follow the vegan way. Lacto-vegetarianism though its motives may be commendably compassionate, is completely illogical in view of the cruel exploitation of calves and cows necessary to produce milk products.

Some immediate relief for the animals may be gained by the work of "The Council of Justice to Animals and Humane Slaughter Association", which work hard to promote the more efficient use of pre-stunning methods and to get better conditions for animals in transport and slaughter houses. They welcome support for their work details about which can be had from 34 Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Herts. But, however, successful, they can only bring minor relief to the animals. Only veganism can bring freedom from dependence on the slaughterhouse and the end of cruel exploitation of animals for food.

References

1. Report of "The Ammerdown Croup" April 1980. Convenor Alastair Mews, School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol.

2. Midas Bulletin No. 4 1978. Meat Research Institute and Meat Livestock Commission Bristol.

3. "Survey of Transport and Marketing Conditions of Slaughter Cattle, Sheep and Pigs in the United Kingdom". 1976 Animal Health Trust, 24 Portland Place, London, WIN 4HN

4. Articles in Meat Trades Journal July 31 and August 20, 1981

(Copies of the above article in leaflet form and with a picture of a cow being

slaughtered, are available from both the Leatherhead and Machynlleth addresses.

Also revised versions of What Happens to the Calf?" and "Two Population

Explosions", and "Trees not Nuclear Power Stations" see page,! 6 )

K. Jannaway

"And I will make for you a covenant on

that day with the beasts of the field and the

birds of the air and the creeping things of

the ground, and I will abolish the bow and

the sword and war from the land so that all

living creatures may lie down without fear.'

Hosea 2.18.

12

1 i ' Nestling under the green southern slopes of the Great Smoky

Mountains, the outward peace of Caroline's home belies its round-the-

clock activity within. The forty rabbits - like so many of the

Sanctuary's inmates "unwanted pets", have expanded to over one hun-

dred. This not in the accepted manner, for no breeding is allowed on

the Sanctuary, but because the fame of this haven has so spread that

its catchment area now extends over a fifty-mile radius.

Extra "pens" ("hutches" in "English" English!) have been built,

so that shortly an extra barn is to be added. Each rabbit has

separate living quarters, apart from one or two who shaxe with a

guinea-pig, it having been found, that these active little creatures have a considerable therapeutic effect on an ailing rabbit. A number

of large exercise-runs, each complete with long and short grass,

bushes and a large wooden "toadstool" to provide interest and natural

surroundings, now enable each of eight rabbits in turn to enjoy a

week's "holiday". The alteration in personality with this transfer

from the hutches is particularly noticeable with the does, most of

whom start building warrens!

Gibber, the tame vixen, now enjoys a landscaped enclosure some

5 metres by 3i her previous domain being occupied by a skunk. Again,

the change in Gibber brought about by this comparative freedom is

astounding. She bounds about each time you pass, and licked my hand

and forearm through the netting as I photographed her. Five small

turtles,rescued from attempting to cross the local highway, share the

patio at the side of the house, along with the chipmunk who calls

twice daily for his nut-ration, and with the Sanctuary's latest resi-

dent, a young blind mallard.

In these past two years, the animal liberation movement has

firmly taken off throughout the U.S.A. and Canada, spearheaded mainly

by young people. It is gratifying to see there, as in Europe, the

concern of today's youth for conservation. To this end, Mrs Gilbert

has mounted an attractive audio-visual presentation with which she

tours schools. In this, Mrs Gilbert stresses the possibilities of

bringing up all domestic animals on a vegetarian regime, particularly

important in an area, where so much food is animal-based.

Not content with local communication, Mrs Gilbert travels consid-

erable distances, often with members of the Sanctuary as "demonstrators"

to speak at conventions in support of all forms of animal activism.

She has been dominant in counter-measures to the Draize Test (the use

of rabbits for testing toiletries), a major victory being that one of

the principal cosmetic houses has agreed to co-operate regarding this.

Mrs Gilbert's present crusade is against the American Rabbit-

Breeders' Association, who are promoting throughout the U.S.A. rabbit-

meat as the "Food of the Future", aiming the rabbit-production to take

13

the place of the battery-hen. Currently producing ^ to 5 thousand

rabbits daily for the table, their goal is for factory-production

throughout every State, turning out in excess of one million each

working day, destined for the freezer!

Fortunately to counter-balance this, many responsible people with

access to "the media" have taken up the cause of animals. Not only

have numerous public figures whose professions, such as sport or show-

business, make them doubly health-conscious, proclaimed their practice

of vegan/vegetarianism, but such dominant personalities as radio-

presenter Gary Null wage wax over the air on all aspects of the meat

industry. Maxsha Pearson, much-photographed model, refuses to show

garments made of fur or leather, and has repeatedly advertised her use

only of animal-product-free cosmetics. Even "Snoopy" recently scored

with animal conservationists when in cartoon-caption-form, he

announced, "Only nasty people eat bunnies."

All of which seems a million miles from this corner of South

Carolina where the assortment of birds, rabbits, possums, racoons,

goats and horses live in blissful ignorance of the greed of Man. The

health and well-being evident in bright eyes and glossy coats would

surely still the doubts of any who question the wisdom of feeding this

conglomeration only on natural foodstuffs with no chemical additives,

curing any minor ailments only by commonsense and herbal remedies,

and when the end comes, to grant them sleep in a quiet corner of the

wood.

Marrion Welles.

The Simpsonville Animal Sanctuary is one of several throughout

the U.S.A. under the umbrella of the Fund For Animals, New York City.

The Fund pays for foodstuffs and building materials; all labour and

day-to-day running is carried out entirely by Caroline Gilbert and her

family, with a few local supporters.

"AN ALLERGY COOKBOOK" is a recently published work by Patricia Carter

compiled especially for those people who are allergic to milk prod-

ucts, eggs, wheat, salt, chocolate or sugar (cane or beet).

It would also be very helpful to any vegan unfortunate enough

to have a system unable to cope with any of the last four items as

none of the recipes contain dairy milk/"butter/cheese/cream or eggs.

Some are based on meats though (axe any people allergic to meat and

flesh products I wonder? - other than morally I mean) but they are

grouped together and so easily discounted.

I have not yet had an opportunity to test any of the gluten-free cakes etc. but I am very glad to see that Plamil, Delice 'cream' and Vitaquelle margarine are frequently recommended for use.

Published by Ian Henry Publications Ltd. at £^.95. B

H

<ms ROOTS mm ^ f c l f e AVON: Margaret Woolford is holding a garden party (indoors if wet) at

n, on Saturday, 8th May,

starting at 2.30 P.m. (telephone Clevedon 877129 for information of

public transport).

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE:

at 3-00 p.m. on Sunday, 28th March. This

meeting will hopefully be followed by a picnic in Alexandra Park,

London N22, on 1st May, when members can also visit the "Health and

Leisure" exhibition. Meet at the main entrance to the exhibition

(wearing your vegan T-shirts) at 3-30 P>m-

CUMBRIA:

has kindly offered his services as the county's Local Vegan Cont-

act.

HUMBERSIDE: Please note that the correct address of our Loca,l Vegan

Contacts is:

KENT: We have a new Local Vegan Contact for the Bromley area:

LINCOLNSHIRE: Please get in touch with our new Local Vegan Contacts:

STAFFORDSHIRE: Vegans in Stoke are asked to rally around a potential

new local group being formed by

TYNE & WEAR:

John is very keen for

local vegan groups to raise funds by collecting used postage stamps and

selling them to him. John will send full details of this fund-raising

scheme on request.

WEST MIDLANDS: We have a fairly large vegari population in the West

Midlands but nobody willing to organise local vegan group activities.

I f you can help, please contact Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages,

Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9LW. Our present caretaker

LVC, Wendy Zimmerman, is organising our stall at the Leamington

Festival of International Understanding and. Peace, to be held in the

Pump Room Gardens in the centre of Leamington, from 11.00 a.m. to 5-00

p.m. on Saturday, 12th, and Sunday, 1 3 t h June.

15

LANCASHIRE:

WILTSHIRE: We have a stall at the Swindon Animal Pair, held at Drove

Road School, near Swindon Town Football Club, on Saturday, 27th March,

from 11.00 a.m. to 4 .00 p.m.

SOUTH YORKSHIRE:

FIFE:

Please help to spread the message in YOUR area. A valuable job is to

distribute "The Vegan" to your local wholefood shops. Please write

to Laurence Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy,

Machynlleth, SY20 9LW, Wales, if you can help.

V E G A N R U R A L C O M M U N I T I E S

Many vegans feel that it is becoming increasingly important to

prove that vegan self sufficiency is a viable life style. We would

like to establish The Vegan Self Sufficiency Network. I f you are

seriously interested send S .A.E. now to Alan and Elaine Garrett,

, Portsmouth, Hants.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

ALSO Laurence Main writes that there is a group already looking for

properties in Wales. I f you are ready to co-operate write to Bronwen

Lee, , Aylesbury, Bucks.

HEALTH WITHOUT CRUELTY DAY Sheffield Sat April 24th at the Merlin

Theatre, off Cherry Tree Road, Nether Edge 2 miles South West of city

centre. Organised jointly by Animal Aid and N .A .V .S . to demonstrate

the alternatives that exist for achieving good physical and mental

health without vivisection.

Alder is the subject of our cover picture for a special reason-see p. 6.

H E R B A L R E M E D I E S

We regret that the word "herbal was accidentally omitted from

the reference to First Aid. remedies in Frances Howard's article in the

Vegan Camp in the last issue of the Vegan. We hope to give more de-

tails about these in the summer issue. We have also had a request

for information on herbal remedies for animals. Can anyone help?

16

—

1982 Dr Frey Ellis Memorial Lecture C. ROBBINS

Director Coronary Prevention Group, Central Middlesex hospital formerly at Centre

for Agricultural Strategy, Reading.

TUESDAY MARCH 30th, 7.00pm

EATING FOR HEALTH or

FARMING FOR WEALTH Westminster Quaker Meeting House, 52 St. Martins Lane, London

( entrance Hop Gardens ). Few minutes Trafalgar Square and Leicester Square.

( Regret no buffet)

O T H E R M E E T I N G S

DISCUSSION meeting, Thursday, March 25th, 6.45 p. m. at Westminster

Friends Meeting House see above. Come and decide whether to continue

these meetings through the summer.

D A Y COURSE V E G A N DIET, May 15th, Richmond Adult College, outer London.

Details Kathleen Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Northern Festival. LEEDS , Queen's Hall. We hope to have a stand if we can

get enough local help and offer of hospitality. Easter April 8th-13th.

Write soon to Kathleen Jannaway.

INTERNATIONAL VEGETARIAN CONGRESS July 22 - August 2, 1982, U L M

West Germany. We hope to be well represented, to have lecture time and a

stand. Why not join us ? Write as soon as possible to Maxwell Lee,

, Cheshire.

G A R D E N P A R T Y informal gathering for members and their friends.

June 13th 2.00 p. m. Please bring food to share. Drinks provided.

At 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. 15 mins walk from station.

Trains from Waterloo and Victoria and London Bridge. By car B2033 off A24

See also page 20.

17

HIGH V A L U E "CHEESES"

11 oz Tahini sesame Spread ( 1 jar)

5j oz. soft ( polyunsaturated ) margarine. ( Vitaquelle )

oz Tastex or Barmene.

5-g oz Soyolk or similar heat-treated soya flour.

Melt margarine over gentle heat. Stir in Tastex, soya and Tahini in that order

The above was sent in by Jim Betts who also sent a very useful analysis showing

that the cheese, compared very well with cheddar in food value, especially with

regard to vitamins. It was also much higher in unsaturated fats and of course

quite free of cholesterol. The Tahini greatly improved its calcium value.

We experimented and recommend the following recipe even higher in polyunsat-

urated fats with the same high calcium and protein advantages and much cheaper.

It lacks the A and D vitamins of the margarine but also its disadvantages.

SECOND VARIETY OF HIGH V A L U E CHEESE

2 oz. oil - sunflower 2 - 3 oz. heat-treated soya

1 - 2 oz. sesame seed (clean hulled variety) flour

Flat tsp. or to ta ste of

Barmene or Tastex.

Grind sesame seeds finely and beat with Barmene and oil into a smooth cream.

Add soya flour. By pressing in as much soya as possible a "cuttable" cheese

can be achieved. I further harden the texture by putting in a plastic bag and

kneading more soya flour into the "cheese". K .J .

" CHEESE" SCONES - high protein for lunch box I 8 oz. wholemeal flour flat tsp. Cream of Tartar

1 oz. soya flour \ flat tsp.bi-carbonate of soda

1 oz. sesame seeds tsp Barmene or Tastex

1-2" oz. oil 4 oz. water

\ tsp. dry mustard if liked.

Toast sesame seeds under grill until they begin to jump. Cool & grind. Mix

dry ingredients together thoroughly. Whisk together oil, Barmene and water

to make a soft dough. Roll out to \ in. thick. Cut into rounds. J or press

on to tray and mark into sections) Bake in hot oven - 425 -450 for about 20

minutes. Olive Jones

M O R E RECIPES W E L C O M E D BUT PLEASE ]

18

>ES NUT MINCE -very quick to make, and tasty. 3-4 servings

4 oz. any kind of nuts 1 tsp. Barmene or to taste

3 oz.porage oats or Jumbo oats Herbs to taste

2 oz. onion Half pint water or veg. stock -hot

1 - 2 oz. oil

Fry onions in oil until pale brown. Stir in nuts & oats and heat for a few

minutes. Stir Barmene and herbs into water, add to mixture and mix well

Cook gently for a few minutes. ?

G O L D E N B A R L E Y 3 - 4 servings

4 oz. barley flakes

3 - 4 oz. onion

2 sticks celery

1 yellow pepper

\ pint water

8 oz. frozen sweet corn

4 oz. walnuts

1 - 2 oz. oil

Salt or Barmene to taste.

Fry chopped onion and celery lightly in the oil. Add water and cook 10-15

minutes until barley is soft and all the water taken up ( add more water if

necessary) Stir in coarsely chopped walnuts.

Valerie West

SPICY LENTIL L O A F 4 servings.

8 oz. lentils

4 oz. onions

Small green or red pepper

4 oz. grated carrot

2 oz. oil

1 tbs tomato puree

| tsp ground mace

1 tsp mixed herbs

\ tsp cili powder

garlic, crushed & chopped

Gently cook onion, pepper & garlic in oil. Add grated carrot, tomato puree

and seasonings. Cook slowly for about ten minutes. Stir in well cooked,

drained and slightly mashed lentils. Bake | hour in moderate oven. Serve

hot or cold.

BANANA D A T E PUDDING

3 bananas - ripe

1 cup chopped dates

\ cup chopped walnuts

Hilary Craddock

5 cup oil

1 tsp pure vanilla essence

2 cups porage oats

Mash bananas and add dates, walnuts , oil and vanilla. Mix well. Stir in

oats well and let stand for a few minutes so oats can absorb moisture. Place

in greased dish and bake at 400° F for 25 mins. Serve with soya custard or nut cream. „

Terry Janes

YOUR NAME AT T H E B O T T O M O F E A C H .

O T H E R MEETINGS CONTINUED F R O M PAGE 17

Health and Leisure 1982, Thursday, April 29-Monday, May 3, Alexandra Pav-

ilion, Alexandra Park, London, N. 22. We have booked a stand in the Diet,

Nutrition and Beauty section of this exhibition instead of at the Mind & Body &

Spirit Festival at Olympia in 1982. With the facilities of London's newest

exhibition hall and outdoor attractions in the surrounding park, it should attract

many visitors. Offers of help at the stand should be sent to Serena Coles,

Surrey.

Animal Rights Symposium, May 6, 1982, at the Commonwealth Institute Theatre,

Kensington High Street, London, W . 8. Tickets (El. 50) and details from the

Vegetarian Society, 53 Marloes Road, London, W . 8.

First Alternative Medicine Exhibition, Saturday 17 and Sunday 18 July, 1982, at

Kensington Exhibition Centre, Derry Street, London, W . 8. Interest in alterna-

tives to orthodox medicine is growing rapidly and veganism has a contribution

to make. Progress against vivisection can be made by providing non-violent

alternatives. Offers of help at the stand to Serena Coles (see above).

Nature Cure Clinic - Annual Outing, Saturday 17th July to "ART IN ACTION"

at Waterperry, Oxfordshire. Coach leaving Allsop Place, London, N W 1

Details A.Eady, Nature Cure Clinic, 15 Oldbury Place , London W 1 M 3AL

(opportunity to observe many different craftsmen at work at close quarters)

Vegan Social Gathering

APRII. 3rd Sat. 1. 30 London Vegans meeting & evening social. 25 Tabley Road

I ondon N7. Buses 253,29,14,271,43,45. Tube-Caledonian, Holloway Road.

Tufnell Park. Please bring Foodfe Juices. Non-vegans welcome. A.Torgut.

V E G A N SOCIETY A. G. M. Saturday, October 23rd in LONDON . Details later.

E X P O R T O F LIVE ANIMALS.

This continuing, and in some parts of the world, expanding trade is one

of the worst abuses of animals used for food. A recent letter from the

Australian Federation of Animal Societies asks for help in its campaign to

have the live animal export trade from Australia banned. It is believed that

letters from overseas to The Rt. Hon. Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister,

Parliament House, Canberra A. C. T . 2600 Australia, may influence him.

Over 5-2 million animals were sent from Australia to the Middle East last

year - some ships carry up to 127,000 sheep per load. Suffering from over-

crowding, neglect and many bad practices is immense.

20

B12 AGAIN Our attention is being frequently drawn to B12. It is referred

to every time we show the film or give a lecture and in many letters

of inquiry. Yet very few vegans through the 37 years of the Vegan

Society's life have had any difficulty over the vitamin. It is

probable that most vegans nowadays take the Society's advice and use a

food like Barmene to which B12, obtained from bacteria grown on plant

material, has been added. Some take tablets or drops similarly

provided but possibly some manage by using the vitamin synthesised by

bacteria in their own intestines. It is a pity that the few who re-

fuse to take the Society's advice and develop the early deficiency

symptoms-usually tingling sensations in the extremities followed by a

loss of sense of touch - scuttle back to dairy produce on the advice

of ill-informed doctors instead, of taking drops, Barmene or injections.

Among dairy products only Cheddar cheese has an appreciable amount and

Barmene has far more.

Government publications can be unreliable on the subject. One

gives "yeast extracts" as a source and one mentions "Maxmite"

specifically but only Barmene and Tastex yeast extracts obtainable

from Health Food shops have sufficient to be any use ( 0.5 micrograms

per gram so that a teaspoonful daily should suffice).

Doctors can be very ignorant in the matter. One is reported

to have said on the Radio that whole cereals were a source of B12, and

a writer in the "New Scientist" gave margarine as containing the

vitamin. The latter was corrected in a subsequent issue and the former

has been written to. Vegans must be patient with such ignorance be-

cause dietary lack of the vitamin is likely to occur only among

members of their fraternity. Most people who suffer from B12

deficiency do so because they lack an intrinsic factor in their

intestines without which the vitamin cannot be absorbed. Doctors and

health visitors should be given copies of the Society's publications

"Vegan Nutrition" by Dr. Sanders and "Vegan Mothers & Children" with

reports of his research work and thus be enabled to help any vegans

who fall into their hands. These should be very few but expectant

mothers can be vulnerable groups: the vitamin is vital for the proper

development of the unborn child.

Recently, practically a whole issue of "Ahimsa", the American

Vegan Society's publication, (see Classified Adverts, p 32) was given

over to contributions from different writers on the subject. Some

were emotional and biassed and obviously speaking from prejudice

rather than wide experience. They added up to the conclusion reached

years ago in England that individuals vary greatly in their need to

have a dietary source. The only sensible course of action seems to be

to take the recommended 3-.5 micrograms daily - more is probably

wasted as the body can only utilise a minute quantity at a time - or

else to have regular blood tests to check their need. But pregnant

women should not take chances.

21

The stability of the vitamin is sometimes questioned. It is

destroyed to a certain extent by boiling in alkaline solutions. The

pH of Barmene is in the vicinity of 5 . 5 which means that it is just

slightly acid rather than alkaline, so add to soups and stews just

before serving. I f the B12 is in the form of Hydroxycobalamin it is

destroyed by Vitamin C but the B12 in Barmene and Spirulina is in the

form of Cyanocobalamin which is not affected by Vitamin C. It is wise

not to take either vitamin B12 fortified foods or tablets at the same

time as foods containing Vitamin C.

Frequently members write to say that they have seen various

foods described as sources of B12. So fax such reports when followed

up reveal that the food has not got appreciable and reliable amounts.

For example one wrote to say that miso had kept Japanese Buddhist

monks in good health. The figure given for B12 content was only 0.03

micrograms per tablespoon which suggests that a very high intake of the

product would be necessary to get anywhere near the recommended intake

of 3 to 5 micrograms daily. Perhaps the recommended intake is too

high for some people but why run the risk when Barmene and other

supplemented foods are now easy to obtain in the West ? It is a

mystery to me why products of human skill common in the Far East are

regarded as "more natural" than those produced in our own culture.

Seaweeds,also often described more properly as a "natural"

source axe generally regarded as unreliable as to the amount they

contain. Some research workers maintain that they only have

appreciable amounts when growing in estuaries high in sewage!

A much richer and more reliable source is Spirulina, a blue

green algae found growing in lakes in Northern Africa and Central

America. It is now being harvested on a large scale by American

firms and being made available in England - and probably other

countries.

I have recently received a book on the subject for review. It

is "SPIRULINA, Natures Diet Supplement Rediscovered" by Maurice

Hanssen, published January 21 1982 by Thorsons*. It makes interesting

reading. Claims axe made for the algae as capable of making a

valuable contribution to a solution of the world food problem because

it is very high in balanced protein. I have some doubts about this

preferring, as in my article in the last "Vegan", to advocate release

of land to local farmers to grow traditional crops instead of being

monopolised for trading purposes by multi-national companies.

The book presents clearly other analytical details which show

the algae to be a valuable source of other essential nutrients. It

also makes much of the claim that Spirulina is "the slimmer's answer

to will power". Apparently it acts as an "appetite suppressant"!

The book gives recipes and addresses from which the product

can be obtained in England. As to palatability this, as with all food

items, varies considerably with individuals. Some I have spoken to

* see page 28 22

enthuse about its flavour, others cannot abide it. For those who find

the flavour of Barmene unpleasant and who dislike taking drops and

tablets, Spirulina could be very useful, especially as it comes in

easy to carry containers of powder or small cakes. It is expensive

but hopefully the price will come down when it comes into more

general use. Kathleen Jannaway.

V E G A N B L O O D DONORS

The "Vegan Society" is re-compiling a list of vegans willing to

give blood to fellow vegans in an emergency. Will those interested

please send particulars, including blood type and group to Harry

Bonnie, 20 Stephenson Road, Hanwell, W7 1NW. Your doctor will deter-

mine your blood type and group.

PLAMIL - G O O D NEWS

Due to the ever increasing demand for Plamil soya plantmilk, the

Company is stepping up production by producing it in tetrapak longlife

cartons - size 500 ml. From the beginning of April these cartons will

gradually be seen in health stores throughout the country and event-

ually replace the existing 4-10 ml. canned version.

The same popular and sound nutritional formula will remain unalt-

ered, though there is every indication that the B12 content may be

greater. Trials already taking place suggest that the loss of B12 in

processing through the new UHT (ultra high temperature) treatment with

the longlife tetrapak cartons appear far less than by the sterilisation

method employed with the canned version. More detailed information on

this good news for vegans will be available in the next "Vegan"

(summer issue).

Additional good news is that although the Plamil soya plantmilk

in the cartons will (at 500 ml.) represent a volume increase over the

canned version (of 4-10 ml.) the 500 ml. carton will only cost 5p more,

so that it will, in effect, be a CONSIDERABLE REDUCTION in price per ml.

This reduction is due entirely to greater output and sales, and is a

reward to vegans who have so faithfully supported the Company by their

custom.

Plamil Foods is having a stand at the Helfex health food TRADE

fair ( i .e for the trade only) at Brighton 4-6 April incl. so that the

health food store proprietor's attention may immediately be drawn to

the new tetrapak carton and also to the new Plamil carob fruit & nut

bar, and so ensure that these are soon in the health stores up and

down the country.

Plans are also in hand to re-introduce from the end of April the

once popular Plamil pease pudding, which is an economical and versatile

standby for vegans - ideal for savouries, spreads, snacks and soups.

23 Arthur Ling.

VIVISECTION ? - a selection from the many letters

received in answer to Peter Singer

LESS SUFFERING -?

In answer to Peter Singer's letter, I wonder how it could ever .

be 'clear' that experimental suffering would be less than the suffering

it prevented. How could one predict how many experiments would be

needed? And how does one quantify suffering on either side? Among

humans pain and distress thresholds seem to vary greatly, perhaps also

among animals.

As a person with two disabilities (asthma and paraplegia) no

doubt I am using remedies developed out of animal suffering. All I can

do is avoid where possible those I know to involve further pain and

death to animals (e.g. a new anti-pressure sore lotion containing a

shark-derivative). What about those without which I would die? I use

them like someone who uses bridges built by slave labour, yet suspect-

ing that there was some other humane way to build those same bridges.

Every disabled person finds herself brought up against animal

suffering as medical research continues. Spinal cord injury research

is now proceeding ie the spinal cords of able-bodied cats and sheep axe

being damaged causing paralysis. I do not give my support to this be-

cause I am prepared to continue as a paraplegic with all the attendant

difficulties e.g. incontinence, pressure sore problems, rather than

have healthy animals damaged. Should I be thinking about the suffering

of other humans, disabled now or in the future? I feel it is up to them

individually to condone this research or not. All I know is I do not

agree to it and would not accept any benefits from it .

Incidentally, to read the 'Vegan' you'd think that vegans with

disability did not exist! Come on, let us have the access details of

meeting places, holiday accommodation etc - how many steps, doorwidths,

loo access. A lot of disabled people are very active in the animal

liberation movement.

Elsa Beckett.

THE USE OF ANIMALS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH

My husband and I axe both full members of the Vegan Society and

have been vegan for five years. Whatever happens we and our four

children will continue to live on products of the plant kingdom alone.

As the wife of a doctor working in medical research I feel there should

be a clear distinction made between vivisection for commercial reasons,

i . e . testing cosmetics, paints, weedkillers, detergents, fly sprays,

etc., aimed at making large profits, and medical research aiming to

help humanity by curing many of the remaining incurable diseases and

reducing the suffering caused by disease.

24

Many anti-vivisection supporters do not make any distinction.

Of those I have met most have been extremely healthy. I feel only

those who have first hand experience of disease are in a position to

judge whether medical research is necessary.

As vegans we axe greatly indebted to medical research. Many

years of careful research led to the final isolation of vitamin B12 in

the early 1 9 ^ 8 . The initial work was done with ox liver. We may not

like this fact but must accept it squarely. As vegans we must have a

daily s ,pply of vitamin B12, now synthesised by bacteria to ensure

good hf ilth.

We live in a society protected from the ravages of infectious

diseases by the work of medical researchers in the immunisation field.

Even those who refuse to be immunised are protected since the infect-

ions are wiped out amongst the rest of the population who are

immunised and infection not passed on. Those who have worked in a

hospital know the suffering that human kind still endures. Prom

personal experience I know there are still parents with children who

will die with incurable diseases. Would it be right for the parents

to refuse a possible new cure discovered by medical research because

of the testing of drugs or treatments carried out on mice or rats?

Other children may not die but without the marvellous discoveries of

modern medicine would live crippled, painful, unhappy lives. Would it

be right to refuse the help of modern medicine?

There are children and adults whose lives depend on a maintenance

dose of drugs or continuous treatment. Are there any insulin-dependent

diabetics who axe actively against medical research using animals?

Acute onset diabetes in young people is a life-threatening condition

and cannot be initially controlled by diet. Would it be right to

refuse treatment when it is available?

For those of us who have seen our children suffer and pass into the: spirit world at an early age or have seen the quality of our children's lives transformed with modern drugs or have our own lives continued with a maintenance dose of drugs there is only one answer. Thank God for modern medicine!

(writer's name withheld by request)

Editorial Comment : - This letter presents an unduly rosy picture of •

drugs and ignores their secondary and in some cases definitely

harmful effects. J .S .

THE ABOLITION OF EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS

There is no moral justification for torturing in any shape or

form other members of the Animal Kingdom, and the animals certainly

would not think there was justification. Animals have no choice and

cannot speak for themselves. It is up to us to speak out for them.

To justify cruelty on the so-called basis that we have dominion over

animals or that they have no souls is arrogance - how do we know what

25

animals have or feel - they may well be more sensitive to pain than we

are. In the next world the roles may be reversed with the animals

experimenting on their tormentors!

We hold the Animal Kingdom in trust. The so-called scientific

world should set its house in order. It is not comparing like with

like. Experimenters should experiment on themselves, on each other

and on volunteers for the sake of animals as well as for humankind -

this would be the highest morality and sacrifice.

Blair E. Morrison

MORAL DILEMMAS

I found Peter Singer's letter in the winter edition of 'The

Vegan' in response to Valerie Rudderham's article "What Would You Have

Done?", alarming.

I agree with Mr Singer that it is impossible to avoid the kind

of moral dilemmas described by Valerie, but for the author of 'Animal

Liberation' to say he can imagine circumstances in which some animal

experimentation is justified - where the greater good would be served -

is quite shocking.

The first objection to such thinking is that it was this very

thinking which was behind the 1 8 7 6 Cruelty to Animals Act; an act which

currently permits four and a half million animals to die each year

through experimentation yet requires "every painful or potentially

painful animal experiment to be performed with a view to the advance-

ment by new discovery of physiological knowledge or knowledge which

will be useful for saving or prolonging life or alleviating suffering".

Secondly, it must be borne in mind that once anima.ls axe delivered into

the hands of so-called scientists there can be no effective way of

knowing how much suffering is inflicted for it to be weighed against

the suffering avoided. Thirdly, is it moral for man selfishly to derive

benefit for himself by torturing animals even if that benefit is a great

good?; if it is moral, than the same reasoning logically justifies

experimentation on humans, particularly on mental defectives, prisoners

inter alios.

I am convinced vivisection is an evil and that the only ethical

and practical response to it is to call for its total abolition^ any

retreat from this position leaves the flood-gates wide-open - as they

are at present. Richard Savage

I refer to Peter Singer's letter on Moral Dilemmas in the winter

edition of the "Vegan". I believe that the utilitarian principle can-

not be applied per se but must be divided into two specific cases: In

the first case, moral dilemmas like the ones posed by Valerie Rudden-

ham would be included whereby the situation demands a decision. The

ethics in choosing the remedy bearing the lesser evil would be correct.

In the second case we have animal experimentation, not as a remedy to

a situation demanding a decision, but as the testing of a hypothesis.

26

Since this infers:- a measure of doubt, arbitrary judgement, premedit-

ation, organisation and a victim I do not feel that it could be de-

fended morally. I f we applied the utilitarian principle in defending

such actions it would be ethically correct to sacrifice nine human

animals on the assumption that it might save ten.

I feel that the moral dilemma facing vegans comes within the

first category, an example would be the number of small animals and

birds accidentaly killed in arable farm production. It is impractical

to believe that we can live totally without contributing to animal

exploitation, even the additives in our drinking water have at some

time been tested on animals.

It must surely then be the aim of vegans to minimise exploitation

and suffering by adopting the ethics of the first case and rejecting

the notion of contrived violence for any purpose. Barry Hodgson.

HOUSEHOLD AIDS C L E A R O F VIVISECTION

Following a suggestion from our member Julie Togni we are planning

to make a collection of tips for household cleaning and other jobs that

are free from the vivisection connections that make proprietary brands

unacceptable to vegans. Our great grandmothers must have known many

and they were probably comparatively non-polluting. When we get enough

we will publish them in a booklet. Example below. Please send others

to Julie, 16 Marsh Close, Crick, Northants.

OVEN CLEANER: Thoroughly clean oven, then smear with a solution of 1

teaspoon bicarbonate of soda in a tablespoon of water. Use your rubber

gloved hand as applicator. Leave this solution (which Will dry to a

white film) on oven. When oven needs cleaning. Wash off solution with

hot water and apply again. Use under grill and hot plate and on oven

racks.

Olive Jones

W O R L D D A Y F O R L A B O R A T O R Y A N I M A L S

The B U A V are organising a pilgrimage to Porton Down Research Station

where animals are used in testing connected with chemical and biological

weapons of war.

M E E T at the coach station, Castle Street, SALISBURY from 11 a. m. on

Saturday, APRIL 24th. The march will move off at 12 noon. It's a long

march so you are advised to come suitably dressed and provisioned.

COACHES will be available to help those in need and to carry demonstrators

back to Salisbury.

F U L L DETAILS Kim Stallwood, B .U . A . V . 143 Charing Cross RoadLondon

W C 2 OEE The BUAV is producing a wide range of propaganda material.

Help make this the largest Animal Rights Demonstration ever I

T H E Y ARE MANUFACTURING W A R W I T H ANIMALS" LIVES !

27

S P R E A D I N G T H E M E S S A G E

BUY, STUDY, SELL , GIVE A W A Y , S U P P L Y T O L O C A L SHOPS

W H A T ' S COOKING? by Eva Batt. Cookery book and food guide. £3.50

THE V E G A N W A Y Why? and How? by 10 very different vegans with

recipes and menus 60p

PIONEERS (reprint) - Reminiscences of 12 early vegans. 60p

INTRODUCTION T O PRACTICAL VEGANISM by K. Jannaway. With

recipes and section on "The Vegan Dairy". 60p

FIRST HAND: FIRST R A T E by K. Jannaway. Sixty simple recipes &

ideas for economical, healthy living (savouries, cakes, etc., with oil

and no sugar), plus towards self-sufficiency gardening hints. 65p

V E G A N NUTRITION by Frey Ellis, M . D . , F . R . C . Path., & T . Sanders,

Ph. D . (Nutr.). Scientific assessment of vegan diet based on research. 90p

V E G A N M O T H E R S A N D CHILDREN. Booklet by 10 vegan mothers plus

reports of recent research. g5p

IN LIGHTER VEIN by Eva Batt. Verses to amuse and arouse pity. 6 5 p

SA LA DINGS from the garden and hedgerow, by Mabel Cluer. 9 0 p

V E G A N SHOPPERS' GUIDE compiled by Eva Batt 77p

YOUTH HOSTELLING A N D BACK-PACKING the vegan way. Leaflet with recipes.

25p

FOR BOOKS F O R SALE NOT PUBLISHED BY THE V E G A N SOCIETY

F O O D FOR A FUTURE by Jon Wynne-Tyson, a comprehensive case for veg-

etarianism and veganism, vividly expressed, with facts, figures and tables.

£1.75

SPIRULINA by M. Hanssen (see p. 22 ) 9 0 p

T H E V E G E T A R I A N HANDBOOK - complete guide to vegetarian (including

vegan) nutrition by American author Rodger Doyle. £3.35

F O O D Need, Greed & Myopia. Review of world food situation. £1- 75

STAND A N D DELIVER. Invaluable guide to public speaking. 90p

MAIN GUIDES by Laurence Main, Assistant Secretary, Vegan Society. A

Wiltshire Way, A Somerset Way, A South Coast Way, A Bristol Countryway,

King Alfred's Way and A South Coast Way. Large scale strip maps, footpath

routes, details of accommodation at youth hostels and campsites. £1.05 each

F R O M 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9 L W

Cheques payable to Vegan Society or International Money orders.

28

SHOPPING WITH EVA ^

V E G A N F O O D NEWS. (Items in capitals below are vegan.)

Buitoni T R E X COOKING FAT , OIL and SOLED COOKING OIL, NAPOLITAN

SAUCE, RATATOUILLE , P E P E R O N A T A , T O M A T O PUREE , SPAGHETTI ,

QUICK MACARONI , PASTA SHELLS, VERMICELLI , PASTA TWISTS, PASTA

NOODLES , M E L B A TOAST.

Newform Foods Country Basket FRUIT BRAN BISCUITS, and SOYA-NUT

BISCUITS.

Vessen W H O L E F O O D OATCAKES.

Imported vegan Foods.

Health Valley Baby Foods B R O W N RICE CEREAL with FRUIT.

Shin 1 Foods CHAI P O W YU. A Chinese canned soya savoury.

Edward & Sons B R O W N RICE SNAPS (Tamari & Sesame among the ingre-

dients).

China Natural Cereals

PA P A O CHAI Mostly beancurd, shoots, roots, mushrooms, nuts, flowers.

Pagoda Brand FRIED CUBES - G L U T E N with Soya Bean Sauce.

Yung Chun Canning Co. T O W FU. Fried bean curd with soy sauce.

Heinz Baby Foods no longer make the CARROTS & LENTILS strained

variety.

Since '.listing Epicure Mincemeat in the V E G A N Shoppers' Guide No 3 this

Company now have another mincemeat which contains brandy and suet. Be

sure to read labels when shopping whatever our lists say, changes without

notice can be made.

Members have been, quite rightly, puzzled by conflicting labels on the packs

of Elite SESAME HALVA especially as I had listed it as vegan. The expla-

nation is that the Company continued to use cartons with egg on the label after

they had replaced the egg albumen with soya protein. However, it has been

vegan for some time now and the ingredients correctly stated.

29

Allied Bakeries. Thanks to all of you who have, apparently, been writing

to this Company about the use of lard in bread. The latest news is that

Allied Bakeries are now using vegetable fat in their HOVIS loaves as well as

both kinds of their ALLINSONS bread. Whether our readers are partly res-

ponsible we cannot say, but it never does any harm to let manufacturers know

of your preference. While on the subject of bread Gearys Bakery (North London)

also use only vegetable fat in their breads.

Other than foods

One member has been making enquiries about the materials used in the 'Tetra

Pack1 containers for liquids such as soya milks etc. and we are happy to

pass on Ms findings which are that Tetra type packs are quite suitable for

holding vegan foods as the paper is laminated with foil and polythene which

makes any land of wax unnecessary.

Henna Hair Health All ingredients used are from plants and therefore no

testing on animals is necessary - or practised.

FOOTWEAR » / ; / W e have good news for those chappies with 'over 11' feet. TUF SHOES now

make some of their non-leather styles for men in size 12. For your nearest

stockist write to Britton of U. K. Ltd., Lodge Road, Kingswood, Bristol SB15

1 J B

Eva Batt.

T O T A L L Y SYNTHETIC "CB " WALKING B O O T

Light weight yet robust, non-rot, main-

tenance free materials. New Klets tread .

Cushion insole for extra comfort.

Send £24. 95 plus £1. 50 p&p and we

will rush you a pair. If not entirely

satisfied, return unused within 14 days

and wewill refund money. Access or

Barclay card accepted.

F U L L SIZES 4-12 ONLY .

WESTSPORTS 17 Fleet St. Swindon

Wilts. Tel. 0793 32588

AT LAST

30

y 7 5 p

A D V E R T I S E M E N T S BADGES

Please send to the Assistant Secretary, 9 Mawddwy Terrace, Minllyn,

Dinas Mawddwy, Nr. Machynlleth, SY20 9LW Wales, try May 1st 1982, for

the next issue. Advertisers are asked to note that we are unable to

deal with box numbers. Rate: 5P a word.

PLEASE NOTE, the following advertisements have been accepted in good

faith and the Vegan Society cannot take responsibility in the event

of any complaint.

VEGFAM feeds the hungry via plant-based foodstuffs, leaf protein,

seeds, irrigation etc. The Sanctuary, Lydford, Okehampton, Devon.

Tel. Lydford 203.

AHIMSA - quarterly magazine for the American Vegan Society. Vegan-

ism Natural Living - Reverence for Life. Calendar year subscription

$8 or £4. Address:501 Old Harding Highway, Malaga, N.J . O8328.

THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY isn 't just an award-

winning tourist attraction. We sell books through the post too.

Please ask for our mail order booklist (25p+s.a .e . ) , details of our

courses, and a leaflet for tourists to visit us. We have our own

wholefood shop and restaurant in Machynlleth. Write now to: N .C .A .T . ,

Llwyngwern Quarry, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales.

WEST COUNTRY VEGAN (businessman, 51 ) , somewhat introverted yet very

loving Capricorn with young outlook/appearance, a non-smoker/tee-

totallerwith varied interests including yoga, dancing, music, jogging

countryside, home life , children and pets. Wishes to meet a kindred

spirit (20-40) with sense of humour: a pleasant, non-smoking, vege-

vegan woman with whom to begin life anew - 30 Marlborough Buildings,

Bath, Avon, BA1 2LY.

WHAT ARE LEY-LINES? How do they affect man and his environment? Can

we learn to live more in tune with Nature by studying how the Life-

Force is channelled around our pla.net? The men who erected Stone-

henge left valuable messages for us. Read about these and other

Earth Mysteries in: The Ley Hunter, P.O. Box 13, Welshpool, Powys.

Send £1.00 for the current issue or £3.80 annual subscription.

VEGETARIAN MATCHMAKERS. Discreet inexpensive postal introduction

service, solely for vegetarians/vegans throughout the U.K. from 18 to

80 & all walks of life. Dreams could become reality by requesting

details from: V.M.M. (Dept. VQ), Freepost, Weyttridge, Surrey,

KT13 8BR (no stamp needed).

LIVE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION, slaughtering of baby seals, factory

farming, bloodsports - if you care about animals and want to help

stop these atrocities "Flesh and Blood" magazine will show you how!

75p or £3.00 subscription to: Caroline Publications (Dept. V ) , P.O.

Box 32, Stevenage, Herts, SGI 3SD. Flesh and Blood - "The Voice of

Exploited Animals" cares - do you?

31

ANGLING - please help us to end this most cruel of all blood sports.

Write Dept. A, CPGA, P.O. Box 14, Romsey, SQ5 9NN.

COMMUNAL VEGAN HOUSEHOLD (but no food faddists or animal activists)

with two children has space for new people. We axe involved in the

development of a co-operative village community outside London to be

started in about 2 years. Write:

FUTURE VEGAN VILLAGE: You can make it come true. Would you like to

be self-sufficient and live on the land with other vegans? I f you

are sincere and willing to work and shaxe, please write and tell me

your own ideas on how you think you could make it work, what could

make it fail and your ideas on growing food. People needed for the

Spring. Please write (s .a .e . please):

.

MODERNISED COTTAGE near Portreath, Cornwall. End terraced 1 bedroom.

Secluded garden with fruit trees. Large workshop. Quiet semi-rural

position near shops, buses, wooded walks to coast. Rates £?8p.a.

£14 500. 6 Wills Row, Park Bottom, Redruth.

MOUNTAIN FARMHOUSE in South West Eire. Very good outbuildings and

20 acres of mixed land with streams. £30 000. Contact:

D . I .Y . EXPERT sought to help impractical female with renovation of

semi-detached cottage. Possible half-share when finished. Full de-

tails please c/o NVS, 9 Baker Street, Northampton.

PURE VEGAN PROTEIN POWDER. Top quality Soya protein isolate, over

90$ protein. 500g - £2.95, 1000g - £4.95, or sample from Protein

Supplies, One Riverside, Shoreham, W. Sussex, BN4 5RU.

TWO MEN wish to start CHRISTIAN VEGAN COMMUNE in Wales, possibility

of acquiring land but participants must help purchase, easy terms

payments house. Otherwise persons needed to cultivate land, for busi-

ness may have to provide themselves with accommodation. Write Norris

& Johnson 139 Slade Road, Erdington, Birmingham B23 7QU.

LIQUID CONCENTRATE exclusive to JANC0 SALES is a biodegradable liquid

soap derived from coconut oil, which is free from animal products and

animal testing. LIQUID CONCENTRATE can be diluted to serve many pur-

poses, pleasant in use as a bubble bath or hand wash, perfect for

washing woollens and fine fabrics, ideal as a washing up liquid or to

cope with heavier cleaning tasks such as washing walls or floors.

Full details by return on receipt of S.A.E. direct from: JANC0 SALES,

11 SEYMOUR ROAD, HAMPTON HILL, MIDDLESEX, TW12 1DD.

32

VEGANIC - A NEW CONCEPT OF HARMONY WITH NATURE NEEDS a pleasant,

active, enthusiastic and business-like person to organise lectures,

prepare publications and assist with giving tuition to those on the

Veganic Gardening Course. Some typing/office experience an advantage.

Initially on a part-time basis. Small wage and free accommodation

provided. For application form, please send STAMPED ADDRESSED

ENVELOPE to the Secretary, Veganic, 3 6 Granes End, Great Linford,

Milton Keynes, MK14 5DX, Bucks.

INTRODUCTORY COURSES IN VEGANIC GARDENING AND VEGAN LIVING are to be

held during May, June and July, with each session lasting two days.

This is a: unique opportunity to gain first hand knowledge from the

Co-Founder of Veganic Culture, and an insight into a way of life that

is humane, healthy and creative. For details of Courses, accommo-

dation and fees, etc, send a STAMPED ADDRESSED ENVELOPE to the

Secretary at the above address, and mark the top left hand corner

with the letters VVL.

QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER ON VEGANIC AND QUALITY OF LIFE. All the latest

news, events, articles on creative living. Readers question and

answer page, plus many more related features. Subscription £2.50

post paid, in the United Kingdom. Overseas subscribers £3.50. General enquiries SAE. Send Cheque/money/postal order made out to

Veganic, and address to Veganic, 1 Gincroft Lane, Edenfield,

Ramsbottom, Nr. Bury, Lanes. BLO OJW.

VEGAN SUPERFOQD, SPIRULINA PLANKTON, AVAILABLE NOW. Highest source

of protein and natural B12, minerals etc. For more information on

this important new food, send S.A.E. to

Road, Liss, Hants, GU33 7NU, or send for SPIRULINA by M. Hanssen, 6̂4-

pages, 75p + 20p p&p.

"ENVIRONMENTAL THERAPY RESEARCH", kO West Cromwell Road, London SW5 9QL. Anybody interested in the improvement of human health is invited to submit ideas and reports about actual or supposed connections be-tween illness and foods, drinks or other environmental influences to the above address. In addition, abstracts from professional and other journals, at minimum cost are available on request.

WANTED HOME IN SPAIN OR ITALY for loveable young DOG rescued by two

travelling young vegans who will not be allowed to bring her back to

England when they return in 5 months time. Contact through Secretary,

47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

"PRACTICAL VISION FOR THE WORLD TODAY" - Conference at Hayes Centre,

Swanick, Derbyshire, June 25-27th. Speakers:- Fred Blum, sociologist

and psychiatrist of New Era Centre, Johann Quanier, Editor New

Humanity, James Robertson, economist of Turning Point and John Wynne

Tyson, writer. Programme of creative activities too. Cost - Friday

6 p.m. - Sunday ^.30 p.m. £17.00, vegan and vegetarian catering.

Organised by Fellowship of Friends of Truth, Sec. Ruth Richardson,

Birmingham B29 ifflE. Chairman Kathleen Jannaway.

33

HOLIDAYS ON THE EDGE OF DARTMOOR for a relaxing holiday. Vegan and vegetarian

exclusively. Up to six guests maximum. Dinner, bed & breakfast

£11.00 per person per day. Ullacombe House, Nr. Bovey Tracey,

S. Devon, Tel. Haytor ( 0 3 6 46) 242. (Specially recommended for

district and cuisine by Gill & Chris Langley).

FRENCH RIVIERA. Mobile homes, Lavandou area. Lovely location,

superb beaches. Resident vegan owner. Car ferries/insurance arran-

ged at bargain rates for own clients and independent travellers.

Mrs Mather tel. 0202 - 7614-28.

CORNWALL. Self-catering luxury first floor flat for vegans/veget-

axians overlooking Hayle Estuary. Sleeps 4/6 . Vegan meal available.

S .a .e . please to Blackaller, "Meadowlands", The Saltings, Lelant,

St. Ives, TR26 3DL. Tel. Hayle 0736 752418.

S.W. SCOTLAND. Small self-catering accommodation in our quiet

cottage for vegans and vegetarians only. Evening meals available by

arrangement. Easy access to sea, walks, etc. S .a .e . to

Wigtownshire,

DG9 9EB.

VISITING GREECE? Vegans will find all they want at Lan Tao health

food store, Patmos, the small, peaceful, island best known through its

monastery and the Cave of the Apocalypse, where St. John wrote the

Revelations.

- an informal magazine for vegans and

sympathisers in which readers share their views and ideas. Subscription

£2.00 for 4 issues - 50p single issue - from Gincroft Lane, Edenfield,

Ramsbottom, 3URY, Lanes BL0 0JW.

V E G A N C A M P Prom 31st July to 8th August at

Newpark Camping and Caravan Park, Port Eynon, Gower

West Glamorgan tel: Gower 292 or 478. Bus 18 from

Swansea.

This is a luxury campsite on one of the most

beautiful coast lines in the British Isles. Safe beach 7 minutes walk

and many places of historic interest. Swansea has good health food

shops and a restaurant that caters for vegans. Dates coincide with

Eisteddfod in Swansea. The site owner, Mr. Loosemore is reserving an

area for vegans so PLEASE BOOK WELL IN ADVANCE site charges £4 a day

plus V.A.T.

will organise vegan activities. Send him de-

tails of your family - and suggestions. Youth hostel near. Don't

forget your vegan T-shirts - see p.36.

34

INVERNESS. Vegan/vegetarian accommodation in charming cottage on high

road between Inverness and Nairn. Good tourist centre, walking, golf

course, sea, beach nearby. Guests welcome all year.

Tel. 066 ?8 3 5 2 .

PENZANCE: Self-catering accommodation or vegan/vegetarian meals by

arrangement in home two miles from Penzance with large garden, sea and

country views. Car shelter. Tel. Penzance 224-2.

NCRTHUMBRIA. Vegan D. B.&.B., quiet riverside village, beautiful eal-kinh country, convenient Durham, Roman Wall. Children welcome. No dogs, no smoking. S.a.e. Crompton, 19 Beech Grove., Blackhall Mill, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE17 7TD (0207 561104).

ST LEONARDS. Terraced house close to sea, shops, station, self-cat-

ering; 3 bedrooms. Also summer holiday chalet in Battle. S .a .e .

Squirrel Farm, North Trade Road, Battle, Sussex.

SNCWDONIA. Six-berth caravan, all mod. cons., including heating,

carpeted, newly-decorated, H & C (spring water) beautifully situated

in secluded position adjacent to "Olde Worlde" cottage in 3 acre

grounds. Camping also available (tents or caxavanette) in grounds.

Flush toilet/wash room available. This is a listed site by the Camp-

ing Club of Great Britain. Ideal vacation for peace, wildlife, walks,

climbing and spectacular scenery. Numerous places to visit. Send

s .a .e . to

N, Wales ('phone 0766 770907).

SOMERSET IS GOD'S COUNTRY. Discover the old county of Somerset by

walking from Minehead to Bath via Cleeve Abbey, Quantock Forest,

Muchelney Abbey, Glastonbury Tor, Wookey Hole, Wells Cathedral and

Priston Mill, A SOMERSET WAY is available for £1.08 inc. postage

from the Vegan Society, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy,

Machynlleth, SY20 9LW, Wales.

CUMBRIA. Vegan/vegetarian accommodation in private house. B/break-fast and evening meal if required. Close to Lake District and safe beaches. "Greenbank", 96 Hawcoat Lane, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria. Tel. 0229-22957

BOOST YOUR HEALTH! EASTBOURNE H E A L T H H O T E L

Sauna, solarium, etc. Vegan

full or slimming menus

17 Burlington Place, Eastbourne, BN21 4AR

Tel. (0323) 23604

'Once or twice a year we all need true relaxation

to ease away stress'

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V E G A N H O L I D A Y S

with Brian & Wendy Burnett

on their 36 ft., 7-berth yacht "XIM"

No experience necessary. No age limits. Cau l , coastal and offshore cruises. All catering vegan or vegetarian. SPRING - French canals, Channel Islands and Brittany. SUMMER- French and Belgian coasts, Dutch Inland waterways (canals , rivers, meers ) Frieslan Islands English South Coast, Devon and Cornwall. AUTUMN - Plymouth to France, French Inland water-ways I Rivers Seine, 9aone and Rhone plus canals } via Parts Lyon and Avignon to the Mediterranean. WINTER - France and Sfcjain where the winter Is better than the English summer. PRICES £70 - £120 < with extra discounts for small groups, children and longer bookings ) Full board l> all neoessary boat charges included.

Please send stamp for details to Brian It Wendy Burnett, c/o 51 Main Road, Klnnerton, Chester, CIM 9AJ or telephone >244 660 267

VEGAN T -SHIRTS Superior white cotton, emblem as below. Green on white. Small. Medium. Large. £3. 50 each incl. p&p. L. Main, 9 Maw-ddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy

MACHYNLLETH SY20 9LW

GREENWAYS GUESTHOUSE 24 Marian Ave. Mablethorpe, Lines

(Tel. 7508) Chris & Chris Phillips members of Vegan Society welcome vegans. Home baking, wholefoods, safe sandy beach.

Send S A E for brochure.

TORQUAY ( Queen of the English Riviera ) BROOKESBY HALL HOTEL Hesketh Road. TQ1 2LN

Tel. 0803 22194 350 yards from Meadfoot Beach, enjoying glorious sea views across Torbay, the hotel is situated in the exclusive Lincombe Conservation area, generally considered to be the loveliest part of Torquay. We offer restful holidays in beautiful surroundings coupled with imagin-ative and delicious Vegan and Veg-etarian meals. Some rooms have private showers. Fully centrally heated. Full details from the

Vegan Proprietress Mrs. Hilda Baker

(stamp only please.)

CORNWALL WOODCOTE

V e g e t a r i a n / Vegan Hotel

WHY NOT BE OUR GUESTS ? and for once experience a truly relaxing holiday in the West Country ?

WOODCOTE stands In its own grounds overlooking the tidal estuary and bird sanctuary of Hayle, and is within easy reach of many fine beaches and coastal walks - the ideal centre from which to explore and discover the beauty of Cornwall 1 On a personal note, those with tired and jaded

palates need not despair for, as attentive hosts we ensure that you are offered an imaginative cuiBine supported by a goodly measure of old -fashioned personal service.

CATERING CHALET Also available, SELF _ sleeps four. Stamp appreciated for brochure - John & I'amela Barrett, The Saltings, Lelant, a . Ives, Cornwall. TR 26 3DL Tel. 0736 753147

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Lakeland's strictly Vegetarian Guest House offers a warm and hospitable welcome to Vegans. Come to us to relax, to walk and climb, to absorb the tranquil i ty of Orchard House and the Lake District. We have a peaceful garden, a warm and comfortable home, delicious and different food and we are situated in superb Lake District country. We ask .Vegans to give us a week's notice if possible.

Brochure from Monty Alge and Keong Wee, (Stamp appreciated) Orchard House,

Borrowdaje Road, Keswick on Derwentwater, Cumbria Tel.(0596) 72830

MILK THAT'S NEVER " EVER SEEN A COW!

It's 100% vegetable ... made from the soya bean and packed with protein and goodness. Its production involves no exploitation of animals. The flavour is quite delicious—all the family, particularly the children wil l love it. You can drink it on its own as a super health drink or use it on breakfast cereals, in coffee or tea

or in dishes such as milk puddings and custards. What's more it wil l keep in tne can just as long as you want to keep it. A wonderfully versatile and nutritious food ... Golden Archer Beanmilk by Itona. It's at your health food store.

'Golden Archer* BEANMILK The Milk That's 100% Non-Animal

C R A N K S HeALTVI FOODS

William Blake House, Marshall Street, London W1

CRANKS at Heal's, 196 Tot tenham Court Road, W.1 C R A N K S at Shinners Bridge, Part ington, Devon C R A N K S at Peter Robinson, Ox fo rd Circus, W.1 C R A N K S at The Market, Covent Garden, W.C.2 C R A N K S at 35 High Street, Totnes, Devon

PLAMIL SOYA PLANTMILK -

not instead of breast-milk, but on weaning and through the rest of life provides important nutrients including B12, CALCIUM & PROTEIN. High in polyunsaturates.

All Plarinil products are guaranteed exclusively vegan. List and recipes (SAE please) from Plamil Foods Ltd. Plamil House, Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone.