VEGAN SOCIETY F O U N D E D 1 9 4 4 — R E G I S T E R E D C H A R I T Y

V E G A N I S M is a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives and honey. It encourages -the study and use of alternatives for all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from animals.

The objects of The Vegan Society are to further knowledge of, and interest in, sound nutrition and in the vegan method of agriculture and food production as a means of increasing the potential of the earth to the physical, moral and economic advantage of mankind.

President: Dr. Frey Ellis.

Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson.

Vice-Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley.

Council: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Dr. F. Ellis, Mrs. K. Jannaway, Mr. A. Pay, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. W. Wright.

Treasurer: Mrs. G. Smith, but all subscriptions, donations, etc., should be sent to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

Hon. Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, address as above.

Subscriptions: £1.25 yearly. Additional members at same address not requiring an extra Journal, pensioners and juniors, 63p.

THE VEGAN

Quarterly Journal £1 per annum. FREE TO MEMBERS. Single copies 25p, post free. From the Secretary, address as above.

Editors: Mr. J. Sanderson and Mrs. K. Jannaway. Scientific Adviser: Dr. F. Ellis.

All advertisements to Leatherhead Office.

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Published: March 21st, June 21st, September 21st, December 21st. Copy daites: 1st of preceding months.

MAN'S COM ING OF AG E by Jack Sanderson.

"But this is not winter now. The human misery of centuries begins to

crack and break, The thunder is the thunder of the floes, The thaw, the flood, the upstart spring. Thank God our time is now, when wrong Comes up to meet us everywhere Never to leave us till we take The longest stride of soul men ever took. Affairs are now soul size".

(From "A Sleep of Prisoners" by Christopher Fry).

As the new energies of Spring pour into myriads of new lives and Nature's annual pageant unfolds and governs our heart and eyes, we can be lulled into a sense of the Inevitable repetitiveness of life. Until quite recently, many have regarded life as being a seasonal process of Nature upon which is superimposed Man's more or less continued scientific and material progress. This view has, however, received a series of jolts in the 60's and 70's as it has been born in upon Man's consciousness that the stocks of oil and many materials that are part of current life's purposes, are limited and may soon run out or become scarce and progress-ively dearer to buy. Man knows that with current systems of agriculture - in which 1,000,000,000 go hungry - he lives very near to the razor's edge of world mass starvation. Man knows that he is approaching critical danger points where overtaxed Nature may no longer be able to depollute the atmosphere through her lungs, the depleted stocks of trees, and may no longer be able to cleanse the waters and purify the earth. Man knows that human error at any time can let loose appalling energies of disaster that can destroy civilisation as we know it leaving the earth as a place that can no longer support life - a failed experiment. No wonder Fry adds to the quotation above -

"Where are you making for? It takes so many thousand years to wake, But will you wake, for pity's sake. "

Have enough awoke and what are they doing with the wakefulness ? How are all the others to be awakened ? It is long past the eleventh hour - it is much nearer the last minute. This is not just a change of season from Winter to Spring. It is crisis point in the life of the earth and the evolution of human consciousness. -

Affairs are truly soul size. We are no longer to be swept about like pawns by the tides of life, accepting unthinkingly or uncritically the traditions and outdated theories of others. We are to assume conscious stewardship of the living' Mother Earth of which we are a part and use her gifts unselfishly for the good of all life. The Divine or higher self within us is to reverse the processes of destruction by using our collective brain cells (the brain of the earth) and" our collective limbs (the arms of the earth) to restore the earth to a place of beauty and healthy

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productiveness. The future lies with the seed, the grain, the nut, the fruit -things that grow and that are self-renewing - the sun's radiations, the movement of water and air, and the finer vibrations in matter and mass.

A major task confronts those who will serve the earth life in its crisis and it will tax them to the limit - time will become the most precious commodity. Let us co-operate with others as much as we can but especially let us carry out that task which we alone are uniquely placed to do. In personal, one to one, relationships, when the unforced opportunity offers,we can say the word or offer the written word that can help another to change course - to reduce the burden of suffering of the animal creation by becoming a vegetarian or to help banish this suffering by becoming a vegan - to reduce the poisoning of the soil and the rivers and seas by ceasing to use exhaustable chemicals and to regenerate the living soil by using veganic methods - to reduce the burden of ill health produced by devitalised foods and instead regenerating the self by eating whole vegan food -to cease to be a predator and exploiter of the animal kingdom and instead to become a co-worker and conscious co-operator with the plant kingdom - to cease to be a negative force and instead to become a positive harmonious force working with and not against Nature. This can lead to true self-awareness and a glorious feeling of release from blood guilt.

Co-operation with others can take several forms according to one's own cap-acities and to what one is able and willing to do. New situations will arise, new problems, new jobs paid or unpaid will emerge and the new challenges will require commitment, ingenuity and initiative. Self-development takes place at the same H U B as other development and there is great joy and satisfaction In consciously working with the universe.

ID the vegan field, speakers and demonstrators in food preparation and other aspects of vegan living will be required. If readers feel that there is a challenge h e r e towhich they can respond, please study and practise now to prepare yourselves for the opportunities that will arise. There will be excellent opportunities at the various future meetings listed on another page. Especially is this the case with the 1st International Festival of Mind and Body to be held just after Easter at Olympia, London, 19th-23rd April, Tues. l-9pm, Wed.-Sat. 10am-9pm and Sunday 24th April 10am-6pm. Many of the expected thousands of visitors from all over those Islands and from other parts of the world could go out from the Festival as our ambassadors.

Mankind will come of Age as you and I accept responsibility and consciously take our places by the side of all those others who are already giving of their time and talent in the service of all Life.

" I am here upon this earth to reclaim the earth to turn the deserts into a paradise most suitable for God and his associates to dwell therein "

2 MAZDAZNAN CONFESSION

DietethlCS - A N E C O L O G I C A L P R I O R I T Y ? by Jon Wynne Tyson.

There is an urgent need to realise the common bond by which all forms of life are united. The science of ecology IB proving the existence of this bond on a purely material level, but at a spiritual level such a concept has hardly got off the ground. Lip-service has been paid to it in most religious systems of the world, but the sad fact of the matter is that organised religion has been one of the most divisive, compartmentalized and bond-breaking influences of all time.

Our present search for understanding as to where our environmental and ecological responsibil i t ies lie could lead to a new ethic based on controlled Intolerance of cruelty, greed, blind habit and divisive thinking, and the unhappi-ness that comes from these and our other fallings.

A little known passage by the 19th Century poet, Victor Hugo, indicates a vision that is extraordinarily modern -

'It was first of all necessary to civilize man in relation to his fellow men. That task is already well advanced and makes progress daily. But it is also necessary to civilize man in relation to nature. There, everything remains to be done Philosophy has concerned itself but little with man beyond man, and has exam-ined only superficially, almost with a smile of disdain, man's relationship with things, and with animals, which in his eyes are merely things. But are there not depths here for the thinker? Must one suppose oneself mad because one has the sentiment of universal pity in one's heart? Are there not certain laws of mysterious equity that pertain to the whole sum of things, and that are transgressed by the thoughless, useless behaviour of man to an imals? . . . . For myself I believe that pity is a law like justice, and that kindness is a duty like uprightness. That which Is weak has the right to the kindness and pity of that which Is strong. Animals are weak because they are less Intelligent. Let us therefore be kind and compassionate towards them. In the relations of man with the animals, with the flowers, with all the objects of creation, there Is a whole great ethic (toute une grande morale), scarcely seen as yet, but which will eventually break through into the light and be the corollary and the com-plement to human ethics i"

From that. Complement to human ethics', that 'grande morale' our pattern of eating is Inseparable. For when we think about it, what we eat several times a day is possibly the most important material, behavioural aspect of our lives. Ingestion, digestion and rejection - whether we like it or not, our bodies are slaves to these daily necessities from birth to death. Most people will defend with passion the habits of eating to which they have become accustomed.

But for omnivorous Westerners, the world is changing rapidly. We are being made aware that the food we shall be eating in the future may no longer be a matter of whim and choice. We are beginning to be bombarded on all sides by the facts of a world situation where populations have got out of hand, and in

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which the distribution of resources is grossly inequitable. We are being told -and it is nothing less than the truth - that the disgracefully wasteful and unnecesn-arily expensive habit of eating meat must inevitably be phased out of our lives in just the same way as other practices which have simply become obsolete.

Some of us have not taken kindly to this news. To the dyed-in-the-wool meat-and-two-veg school the prospect brings horror and despondency, and numerous 'dinosaurs' have written to the newspapers deploring the assumed threat to the future of haute cuisine. "Plastic steaks!" the cry goes up, as on every hand we read of such innovations as meat analogues, and the reception is hardly more welcoming for those nutritionists who dare to suggest that we should be con>-suming beans, nuts and other protein-high foods at source rather than through the decomposing carcases of slaughtered animals.

What i s going to win, however, are not the plethoric wails of outraged gour-mands, but the rumbling bellies of hungry children. The world conscience - if that is what one can call the politically-activated decision-making that is prompted by the major problems of population and dwindling resources - i s not going to allow for much longer the squandering and greed we have for so long taken for granted in the West. Cynically, perhaps, one may feel that the squandering anc greed are still a long way from being eradicated from our species in general, bat in the near future it is likely to be less concentrated in our own portion of the earth's surface.

For gradually, at long last, we are beginning to realise that we can no longor live in separate compartments. The common bond is the common predicament. Victor Hugo's "whole great ethic" that is becoming the complement to human etilc was what we today call environmental responsibility. Our newfound understanding of ecological truth, because of the pressures due to the environmental crisis, ia forging between our species a bond that may bring collaboration and understanding between peoples more rapidly than any of the achievements of organised religion.

Do not, please, assume from this that I am an anthropocentric humanist and eager to see the values of science take over from those of the spirit. The final bond between men, and between mankind and all other forms of life, cannot be maintained without the realisation of the spiritual basis to the unity of all being . But this fact need not prevent us from rejoicing that on some levels science and spiritual evolution are working in parallel, as it were - reaching similar con-clusions from different standpoints, and emphasising the necessity for collabor-ation and accord rather than division and rivalry. .

The thought I would like to put to you is that the new science of ecology stands for a concept of life and values in which the practical, the ethical and the philo -sophical elements can be given equal weight. If this is happening, and if the exploitation of nature by man is at least being seen to be inextricably linked to the exploitation by man of man, are we perhaps standing on the threshold of a new age in which the understanding that we term ecology may develop into somethi very similar to that compound of wonder, knowledge, faith and fierce inner neud

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for a sense of direction and a framework of behaviour that first prompted the notion of a supreme God?

Could science have helped to prompt a vision that is nothing less than a modern yet essentially eternal philosophy for contemporary and future existence ? A vision that taay destroy division, perhaps helping to build the much-needed bridge between science and those less material concerns that provide the main evidence that mankind is (or at least can become) more than a race of clever but unregen-erate apes.

In short, are the old religious concepts, which satisfy so few of us today, due to be absorbed by the new unity of concern - a concern, only half thought out as yet, that we call ecological responsibility? Or is this concern going to level off to a plateau no higher than that of expediency ? Is science so totally sold on the materialistic hypothesis that it is unrealistic pie-in-the-sky even to consider the possibility of a scientific viewpoint and the Instinct for spiritual growth finding common ground?

These are fairly deep waters, but I believe they need to be explored.

Jon Wynne-Tyson. ( For books by Jon Wynne- Tyson see Publications page 29 )

HAVE YQUR A N S W E R S READY I changed from a lacto-ve6etarian to a vegan in a split second, which was

when I picked up leaflets from a vegan stall at a fair. The descriptions of the fate of the dairy calf and the rennet calf were a complete surprise to me. I had not known these facts before.

The following day I began to talk eagerly to my friend In the office, thinking we could both spread this Information around. When I had finished, she looked at me blankly - "But my brother is a butcher and he was very good to the children when they were young. He was so generous I don't know what I would have done without him".

I tried another member of the staff. "Don't want to know", she snapped. "I can't stand salads anyway, so what am I supposed to eat? I give a donation to the R. S. P. C. A. every year In memory of our family cat and that's as far as I can go."

I spoke to other members of the staff. "But I like milk", was one disdainful reply. "Look at this", another said, pointing aggressively to a faint silvery scar under her chin. "A hen did that to me when I was a toddler and now I don't care what happens to poultry before it gets into the shops."

It was then I saw my department manager looking at me in a speculative way and I remembered how, at my interview, I had assured him that I got on well with people. "Disruptive influences are a nuisance and we don't want them here",

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he said. I also realised that somehow I had gone about things the wrong way. There wasn't even a vegetarian, much less a vegan, amongst the people around me. I marked the date in my calendar on which my daughter finished school and I could leave. The money was necessary until then.

What about the neighbours, I thought? I had known most of them for fifteen years or so. One replied, "When I saw what happens in the abbatoirs on tele-vision I didn't sleep for two nights, but then I decided that my parents and grand-parents had all eaten meat and I couldn't change the world. If a million people had to stop eating meat, the abbatoirs and the cruelty would still go on. Besides, what about the jobs that people would lose« • -the milkmen, the shopkeepers, the dairy farmers? What will you do about those?" I had no answer ready.

Another neighbour to whom I gave the leaflets kept them for a day before handing them back in a shamefaced way and saying. "My brother has a good job in a pork factory and he gets a piece for me every week ."

Then, accepting an invitation to stay with friends, I added a final sentence, "Please don't get any extra meat in for me as I am a vegetarian". My hostess informed me in an amused way that I was the first vegetarian she had had as a guest and had been to the Public Library to look out- recipes. I smiled bravely when a neighbour came along with an extra large cucumber as a gift for my hostess giving her a sympathetic glance as he did so. The family were good, well lntent-ioned people and I didn't flinch when 'grace' before eating their shepherd's pie included "Thank you for your everlasting mercy". A separate vegetarian dish had been prepared especially for me. We discussed the topics of the day and the subject of vegetarianism was not touched on. I had learnt my lesson which was: let it be known that you are a vegan/vegetarian and wait until you are asked the questions.

The daughter of the family came home from College. "Oh, yes ," she declared emphatically. "A lot of us are saying how senseless it is to feed grain to cattle, wait one and a half years and get only a proportion of the food values back as meat when we could have eaten the grain in the first place . " Fortunately, I had read a lengthy article about this very subject and we had an interesting discussion on this topic. Other aspects of meat production were spoken of. "You've set me thinking", my hostess exclaimed.

When I returned home, I read and re-read facts and reasons about the Vegan way of life. Now, I have my answers ready. A person concerned with finance will give a knowing wink and say "But isn't it much cheaper?" A person with employment will say 'But what about all those people who will be out of a job?" A cook will say "But how do you make a sponge cake rise without an egg?" And so on. Have the answers to questions ready and veganlsm has a chance to be thought about by people who didn't even know it existed.

"Accordingly, the Apostle Matthew lived upon seeds and nuts, hard-shelled fruits and vegetables without the use of flesh".

Paedogogus 11.1. Clement of Alexandria.

Winifred Winton.

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Progress Kathleen J anna way

"All true progress Is progress in charity". Aldous Huxley.

Winifred Winton is right, if we are to further veganism or any cause that runs counter to accepted practices, we must "Have our Answers Ready". I have been much encouraged through the years to find that there always is an answer. So far, every time I have been confronted with an argument in support of the con-tinued cruel exploitation of animals, an answer in accordance with justice, com-passion and truth has been found - though sometimes only after long searching. Often the final dissenting cry from opponents is "but you will never do anything about it! It's a waste of time torturing yourself with such vain efforts. The only sensible thing is to shut your mind and behave like other people: You can't change human, nature".

The answer Is of course that human nature is changing all the time: growth and change is inherent in all life. It is, moreover, changing in the desired direction towards greater knowledge of Truth at every level, greater awareness, sensitivity and compassion. It is easy to point to great back slidings, Inconsistencies and areas of darkness, for progress is not an uninterrupted flow forwards but proceeds . more as the tide coming in. Successive waves recede almost, it seems, gathering strength from the recession so as to surge forward to cover more and more of the beach. What is necessary to maintain faith is to take a sufficiently long view of events, then the backslldings (in our own time - Nazism, nuclear weapons, factory farming) are seen as recessions of the waves, means by which human conclousness is awakened to the need for greater life - affirming efforts. What Is necessary is to take a sufficiently broad view of human history recognising in every one of the great religious and humanitarian movements a common element - a call for com-passion, for the subjection of immediate, narrow, self-interest to the needs of a greater whole, whether that Whole be personified as God or dubbed Mankind, Nature, Life. True most of the impulse of every forward moving wave gets caught in a backwater of lnstitutionalism, power mongering and superstition, but the tide flows on and with ever Increasing mimentum. Comparison between Today and the Yesterdays cf even so short a period of evolutionary time as recorded history show this to be true. We can even draw strength from the changes in our country during the last 200 years.

Vegans turn pale as the lorries with their pathetic cargoes of innocent animals go by on their way to the slaughter houses but less that 200 years ago, ordinary people gathered to watch the carts go along the Way to Tyburn, loaded with human beings condemned to be hanged for such minor crimes as stealing a sheep, goods worth 5s. or "anything privily from a person, were it only a handkerchief". Moreover, public executions throughout the country were considered as occasions for holidays. The diary of kindly Parson Woodforde records "July 22, 1777, Robert Biggen, for stealing potatoes was this afternoon whipped through the streets by the Hangman at the end of a cart. April 7, 1781) Gave my servant, Will, leave to go to Norwich to see three Highwaymen hanged".

We avert our glance from the sad rows of coipses hung in butcher's shops but

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bodies were left hanging on gibbets, or heads put on spikes on Tyburn Hill. Capt. Coram was moved to open the first Foundling Hospital in 1745 by the sight of deserted babies (thousands a year) left to die by the roadside.

We mourn the wasted lives of animals in intensive units condemned to do nothing but put on unhealthy flesh to satisfy human greed. Workers, men, women and young children were, in the course of our Industrial Revolution, similarly condemned to long hours shut in grim factories, returning at night to back-to-back houses and only enough food and sleep to enable them to serve machines for the next long day.

Broiler houses with their hundreds of squabbling prisoners, scratching amon;' their own excretaent, are no worse than was Newgate where women (with their little children) were subjected to mass confinement for petty crimes.

The sufferings of cattle and sheep in the export trade are little as compared with those of the slaves from whose traffic the prosperity of this country was largely built. Pictures of the latest ships for transporting 30,000 sheep from Victoria, Australia, to Iran are very like those of the French brig "Vigilante" cap-tured in 1822 and found to contain 250 slaves in an area of 50x20 ft.

Much of the insensitive treatment of animals In markets is very similar to that suffered by slaves 200 years ago - even to the branding with their owners names. (The Society for the Propogation of the Gospel had slaves branded "Society' As today with animals, then all feelings of compassion were suppressed in the service of the great god Profit.

We go pale at the thought of fur coats made from products of gin traps but such traps once crippled and killed men who dared to interfere with sport in the lord's game preserves.

All the above mentioned horrors (and the list could be much extended) were justified as unavoidable necessities by the mass of ordinary people and "good" "Christian" preachers supported them with quotes from the Scriptures. Reformers were ridiculed as impractical idealists or worse, as mischievous revolutionarie s guilty of attempts (futile of course) to change the sacrosanct system. They per-sisted until the balance of public opinion tipped in their favour and another milestone in humanity's long progress was passed.

We, today, can learn much from the example of earlier reformers. We are moved as were they to be active in the cause of the weak, those unable to defend themselves against the vested Interests of power and intellectual prestige as well as money. We must be ready to persist with unflagging zeal and courage. We must avoid all violence and fanatacism (truly a violence of the mind!), all sect-arianism, all temptation to exaggerate our case or to twist the truth for our own apparent advantage: such descents to the methods of our opponents gives them the advantage and undermines our only source of power - Truth. We must base our appeal (whatever our individual beliefs) on a common faith in human ability to respond to the Truth when it is presented adequately, and a humble willingness to blame our own inadequacy of expression rather than essential human nature,

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for temporary failures.

We would do well to give time to study the lives of the reformers of our era, Elizabeth Fry, John Howard, Granville Sharp, William Wilberforce, Edwin Chadwick, Richard Owen, Lord Shaftesbury, to name but a few. Whether we are followers of Christ who believe as did Schweitzer that He "sets us to the tasks which He has to fulfil for our time", or of other religious leaders or one of those who spurn all religions as the retrogressive forces they have too often proved to be., we can draw not only inspiration but practical help from their example. For instance, William Wilberforce and his fellow workers with their speeches, pamphlets, illustrations, statistics and reasoned arguments, so organised public opinion against the slave trade that they secured its abolition in the teeth of powerful vested interests and at the cost of £20 million to the British taxpayer. In the cause of the slaves they were ready to co-operate not only with their fellow Evangelicals but with those of all denominations and with Free-thinkers and Utilitarians. The anti-rellglonists were equally willing to forget their sectarianism. "If to be an anti-slavlst is to be a Saint, then saintship for me" said Bentham the Free-thinker. Summing up Wilberforce's contribution, Trevelyan says that he had "complete honesty of purpose, he had always been ready to work with persons of any party, class or religion. He was an enthusiast who was always wise. He was an agitator who always retained his powerful gift of social charm."

Today, in our efforts to achieve the end of animal slavery, we must achieve similar inflexibility of purpose combined with similar willingness to advance on a broad front, recognising the value of a variety of contributions.

"Say not the struggle nought availeth The labour and the wounds are vain,

The enemy faints not, nor faileth And as things have been, things remain.

For while the tired waves, vainly breaking, Seem here no painful inch to gain

Far back through creeks and inlets making Comes silent, flooding in, the main. "

Arthur Clough.

F U N D F O R E L D E R L Y V E G A N S .

The fund has benefited from several generous donations and bequests and Serena Coles is redoubling her efforts to find suitable premises for a Home.

Members are reminded that, if they are making bequests in tbeir Wills, they must be sure to use the right name of the Society - Simply THE VEGAN SOCIETY Registered Charity address, 123 Baker St., Enfield, Middlesex. Any addition to the name may make it impossible to claim the bequest.

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Vitamin B12 by Dr. T. A-B-Sanders, B.Sc. (Nutrition),Ph.D. Dr. F.R. Ellis, M.D., F.R.C.Path.

Vitamin B12 is unique among the vitamins being made exclusively by micro-organisms: cereals, fruits, nuts, pulses, vegetables and other plant foods are apparently free from the vitamin unless contaminated by micro-organisms that produce the vitamin, and by insects. Thus vitamin B12 is likely to be lacking in vegan and occasionally vegetarian diets. The highest amount of vitamin B12 in foods is found in liver and kidney although it is present in all flesh and dairy foods. A number of vegan foods, such as Barmene, Velactin, Plamil and Gran-ogenf are now supplemented with the vitamin produced commercially from bacteria growing on vegetable media. The daily requirement for vitamin B12 is very small in the region of l-3jig/day (ljig is a millionth of a gram), and this makes the study of vitamin B12 nutrition very difficult. The vitamin is needed for making deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and certain lipids which are necessary to maintain the health of the nervous and reproductive systemu and normal blood formation.

The symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are not always the same and depend upon the intake of another vitamin, folic acid. Abnormal blood formation, nervous disorders and infertility In females, are the three main symptoms encountered in vitamin B12 deficiency. The changes in blood formation are very easily detected by routine blood tests. When vitamin B12 deficiency affects blood formation, it does so by limiting the number of blood cells that can be formed. The concentra-tion of haemoglobin in the blood is greatly reduced (and therefore the transport of oxygen to the tissues) and abnormally large red blood cells (macrocytes) are formed; this symptom is called megaloblastic anaemia and results in fever and severe lethargy. However, megaloblastic anaemia can be caused by either a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid. Moreover, the megaloblastic anaemia of vitamin B12 deficiency can also be relieved aid to some extent prevented by giving high doses of folic acid. Vegans tend to have high intakes of folic acid because they eat a lot of green stuffs, nuts and unrefined cereals and so rarely develop megaloblastic anaemia as a symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency. Infertility has been known to result In women deficient in vitamin B12 but this is apparently reversible with vitamin B12 therapy. Nervous symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency may develop in the absence of other symptoms and can be serious (the first sign being a tingling sensation in the extremities followed by a loss of sense of touch); these early symptoms are reversible if vitamin B12 is given. The deficiency can progress and more severe symptoms, such as sub-acute combined degeneration of the spinal cord, may follow causing irreversible damage and will result in death unless treated. Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency can only be made by a properly qualified medical practitioner after laboratory tests as several other complaints have similar symptoms. Vitainin B12 deficiency in this country is most commonly caused by an inability to absorb the vitamin and not an inadequate supply of the vitamin in the diet. Pernicious anaemia (the term used to describe the most common form of vitamin B12 deficiency caused by malabsorption) was incurable until the turn of the century. Sufferers of pernicious anaemia cannot produce enough

10. * and some textured soya foods

intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 from the diet. Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach and binds vitamin B12 into a complex. The complex passes from the stomach into the small intestine where it is absorbed. In a healthy person, a maximum of about 3 jig of vitamin B12 can be absorbed at a single meal in this way. In a patient with pernicious anaemia the amount of vitamin B12 that can be absorbed from the diet Is drastically reduced and so vitamin B12 deficiency results. For similar reasons, deficiency results after total gastrectomy (surgical removal of the stomach) or when part of the small intestine is surgically removed. In Finland and Iceland, infestation with a tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium latum, causes vitamin B12 deficiency in people who eat raw fish caught in freshwater lakes The tapeworm itself can be a formidable beast up to ten metres in length This tapeworm assim-ilates the vitamin B12 from the diet in the host's gut and so deprives the host of vitamin B12 When vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by malabsorption, it i s easily cured by vitamin B12 injections.

Vitamin B12 is likely to be lacking in vegan and occasionally vegetarian diets. Our experience suggests that symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are rare among vegans. Occasionally, a vegan or lactovegetarian will develop vitamin B12 deficiency but generally some precipitating factor, such as excessive blood loss or malabsorption, is present. We advise lactovegetarians, who only take small amounts of milk products in their diets, and vegans, to supplement their diets with vitamin B12 tablets or to use vegetable foods fortified with the vitamin. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been known to result in infants breast-fed by vegan mothers. The only way of ensuring that a breast-fed infant has an adequate intake of vitamin B12 is for the mother to take vitamin B12 supplements. Meat-eaters who become vegan are unlikely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms until they have been on a vegan diet (without vitamin B12 supplements) for three to four years, as meat-eaters generally have enough vitamin B12 stored in their livers to keep them going for this time.

The measurement of the serum vitamin B12 concentration gives a good index of the vitamin B12 status of an individual; a level of greater than 180 ng/1 is regarded as being normal; a level of less than 180 ng/1 but greater than 80 ng/1 indicates possible deficiency; a level of less than 80 ng/1 indicates deficiency. In our recent survey, 8 out of 32 vegans and 3 out of 15 vegetarians had vitamin B12 concentrations between 80 ng/1 and 180 ng/1 but none had a level of less than 80 ng/1. In contrast, the lowest value in our omnivore control subjects was 250 ng/1. Six of the vegan subjects were taking vitamin B12 tablets, 18 were using vegetable foods supplemented with vitamin B12, most commonly Barmene, 10 were taking neither vitamin B12 tablets nor foods supplemented with the vitamin. The average serum vitamin B12 levels in these three respective groups were 421 ng/1, 253 ng/1 and 164 ng/1.

It could be argued that how vegetarian animals get their vitamin B12 is relevant to human nutrition Ruminant animals, such as the cow, sheep and deer, obtain the vitamin from the bacteria in their rumen. The rumen is before the stomach so any vitamin B12 produced can be bound with Intrinsic factor in the stomach and absorbed in the small intestine. The rabbit does not have a rumen but the bacteria in the large

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bowel of the rabbit produce vitamin £12; this is not available to the animal in the large bowel as it is not bound with intrinsic factor which is secreted in the stomach. The rabbit overcomes this problem by eating its own droppings, which are rich in the vitamin. Fruit bats, whose diet consists entirely of fruit, do not develop vit-amin B12 deficiency in captivity unless they are fed washed fruit and kept in clean cages; presumably, they obtain their vitamin B12 in the wild from inadvertently eating Insects in or on fruit or fruit contaminated with animal droppings. Baboons fed on all vegetable diets in captivity, do not readily develop symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency. However, what applies to animals does not necessarily apply to man, for example, megaloblastic anaemia as a symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency is not found in these animals.

i There are several possible reasons why vitamin B12 deficiency appears to 1

be rare among vegans. Firstly, many vegans have not been on the diet long enough to develop the deficiency. Secondly, many vegans now supplement their diets with vitamin B12. Thirdly, it is possible that those vegans who do not take vitamin B12 supplements may be obtaining the vitamin from another dietary source, possibly by accidentally eating insects or micro-organisms that produce the vitamin. Fourthly, some vegans may have developed the capacity to use the vitamin B12 produced by micro-organisms present in the alimentary canal. Fifthly, vegans, British ones at least, tend to have high dietary intakes of folic acid and this appears to suppress the most easily detected symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency.

A daily Intake of vitamin B12 is recommended as it is not possible to absorb much more than 5jig of any dose given by mouth. We recommend lactovegetar-ians, who consume only small amounts of milk products, and vegans, especially breast-feeding mothers, to use foods supplemented with vitamin B12 or to take , vitamin B12 tablets. Moreover, there is no danger in taking more vitamin B12 ' than required as any excess is excreted in the faeces.

T H E L I V E E X P O R T T R A D E

The "newsworthy'episode of the 900 cattle marooned In the Irish Sea brought awareness of the export in live animals to many thousands of people. Many must have wondered at the Incongruity of the rescue being followed by a further 11 days journey to have their throats cut in Libya. Now is the time for another letter to your M. P. - factual and controlled please. Remember the Veterinary Profession supports slaughter as near to farm as possible and there are now adequate facilities. Some modern abbatoirs are not being used fully. The modern Manchester abattoir is working to only 43% of Its capacity while animals pnss by enroute for Europe. Imports of "Meat and Meat Prep-arations" cost £655,322,000 in the first nine months of 1976. During the same period 416,728 animals were exported. More up to date facts can be obtained from Mrs Allen, Mymsmead, Soutlj Mymgis^Potters Bar, Herts. S. A. E. + please.

"The relationship of homo sapiens to the other animals is one of unremitting exploitation. We are the species uniquely capable of imagination, rationality and moral choice, and that is precisely why we are under the obligation to recognise and respect the rights of animals. "

, o BRIGID BROPHY (Humanist today).

NEWS BOURNEMOUTH. Members, friends and anyone interested are all welcome at the meetings held in the Church Parlour of the Richmond Hill Church, Bourne Ave., at 7.30 on the first Thursdays of the month. The Secretary, Wilfred Croae.

Boscombe will be glad to hear from you.

EAST LONDON & DISTRICT. The Secretary, Arthur Pay, ., Ley tons tone, E l l , would be glad to hear from anyone willing and able to join him in his varied activities to make veganism widely known and understood. He is speaking for 10 mins. on Radio London on March 4th, has bought a film projector and is visiting various groups to show the Open Door Film "A Better Future for All Life". He manages to get frequent mention in the local press.

SURREY still awaits a Secretary and organiser. Meanwhile, it is hoped that Surrey members will be able to go to the social gatherings on the last Tuesdays of the month at the Nature Cure Clinic, London W1 - see Future Meetings page.

In MANCHESTER Bob Howes. The Hut, Richmond Street, Ashton -under- Lyne and in LIVERPOOL Mrs Deen, are working hard to establish branches.

ANIMAL ACTIVISTS

Demonstrations against the fur trade ( and clcuses and other forms of animal abuse) are now spreading to various parts of the country to good effect. The film "CANADA'S SHAME " should excite everybody to activity. K you

w ant to h lp write - Animal Activists, P. O. Box 6 Crowborough. A new activist group is now busy in Liverpool and would welcome support

- write Rachel & Stephen, Flat 2,40 Fairfield Street . Liverpool 7.

\ j f / £ f jC0ME ! t 0 Eleanor Mary, born December 5th to Michael & Lizzie Thorpe of Angus.

BRIAN & MARGARET GUNN-KING of N. Ireland report that their daughters Sita (7) and Venetia (5) are progressing well and so is the school. Brian is extra busy organising the 24th International Vegetarian Union World Congress to be held in New Delhi from 19th Nov. - 9th Dec. 1977. Even so, he and Margaret, Jack McClelland and other vegans joined a demonstration against Hare-Coursing.

SALLY SHRIGLEY, formerly President of the Vegan Society is now in a Nursing Home - "Fair Lawn", ., Tunbridge Wells, Kent and would welcome letters and visits from old friends.

JUNE DERIDISI, at Christmas time, moved by "The slaughtered birds hung upside down - to decorate the tinselled town", gained gpod co-operation and publicity from her local paper.

Many other members have been active in a number of ways - let's work for a snowball effect that will flatten the walls of habit and wake people up to the horrors beneath the surface of their polite lives.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

"There is not an animal on the earth, nor a flying creature on two wings, but they are people like unto you". The KORAN 6.38.

13.

Invocation

Power of love that moves the universe And pulls the swift seeds upwards to the light;

Which fashioned all the glowing galaxies Within the womb of unlllumined night.

In whose bright being lives of little men Uncomprehending ever breathe and dwell,

Oblivious of the light that folds them round That high and hallowed home from which they fell.

Shed on this troubled world your healing ray Where inarticulate life must moan In vain;

While in the trembling flesh the cold knife probes And only pleading eyes can speak their pain.

Send to this pitiless sphere some portent soon, Whispers of worlds where cruelty i s not,

Some far faint strain which to the spirit speaks Of harmony and light which life forgot.

Power of love within the minds of men Implant some seeds of pity f o r their sake.

Let the dead ghosts of the despised dumb Trouble their slumbers till those seeds awake.

Dorothy Thomson.

"At the heart of every seed there is a creative purpose. Hold it in your hand, a tiny brown seed. There, within that tiny space exists a creative realm without any limitation.

See yourself as a seed of God. Know yourself as nothing less than an area in which God l ives and moves and has His being".

Derek Neville.

14.

FUTURE MEETINGS APRIL 19th-24th l-9pm Tues., 10am-9pm Wed. -Sat. 10am-6pm Sunday.

"MIND & BODY FESTIVAL" at Olympia, London W14. " an expression of people's creative energies, projects, ideas and ideals and viable new ways to lead us into the 21st Century".

The Vegan Society have a stand. Their Open Door Film "A Better Future for All Life" will be shown in colour between 10. 30am &12. 30 pm on Thursday, April 21st and there will be a 15 minute panel afterwards.

MAY 1st Sunday, 2.30 pm. Film and Mini Fashion Show at the Enfield Boutique. Details later page. MAY 15th Sunday, 3.00 pm. Social Gathering at the home of Susan Besford, 80 Norfolk Rd., Seven Kings, Ilford, Essex.

JUNE 12th Sunday, 2.10 pm. Garden Party at 47 Highlands Rd., Leatherhead, Sy. (B 2033 off A 24,15 mins. walk Leatherhead station. Bus routes 470,408,468. Coach 714. Ask for St. Mary's Parish Church. A neglected garden but plenty of space and a warm welcome to all. Please come and bring the children. JUNE 25th Saturday, 10 am - 6 pm Surrey & Hants Group of Animal Welfare Year will hold "Survival" exhibition and sale in Civic Hall, Guildford. Vegan stall.

M E E T E A C H O T H E R A N D T H E C O U N C I L IN L O N D O N .

Members of the Vegan Council will hold Social Evenings on the last Tuesday in each month beginning on April 26th at the Nature Cure Clinic, Oldbury Place, London Wl. off Marylebone High St., behind Marylebone Church, nearly opposite Madame Tussauds, 5 mins. walk Baker St. Underground Station. Drinks will be provided and contributions to light refreshments welcome. We hope members will enjoy this opportunity to get to know each other and members of the Council and to exchange Ideas. The generosity of the Nature Cure Clinic Committee in allow-ing us to use their premises is much appreciated.

AG M1977 OCTOBER 15th Saturday, 2.00 pm at Westminster Meeting House of the Society of Friends (Quakers), St. Martins Lane, London WC2 - a few minutes walk NE of Trafalgar Square. The A. G. M. will be followed by tea, a social gathering and an evening meeting until 8.30 pm. Suggestions for programme welcomed.

The Council are not making arrangements for overnight accommodation or for activities on the following Sunday. It is hoped that some members living in and near London will offer hospitality to members coming from a distance. Will they and any who would like such hospitality please write to the Secretary giving full details of age, interests etc.

B A N B U R Y C R O S S E A S T E R H O L I D A Y

Our members Christopher and Christine Phillips are again helping to organise an Easter holiday and sponsored fast in Banbury. April 7th - 14th.

Accommodation (sleeping bags) and 3 meals a day will cost £1.50 per day with a £2 deposit. Full details from C. Phillips, 16 Dashwood Terrace, Banbury, Oxon. OX16 8HE. 15-

RECIPES B u c k w h e a t R o a s t

1 cup buckwheat to 2 cups boiling, lightly salted, water. 2 medium onions chopped and lightly fried. 2 large tomatoes, sliced.

Simmer buckwheat in the water for 10-15 mins. Mix with fried onions. Put this mixture into baking tin - a loaf tin i s ideal - with tomatoes in centre. Bake in hot oven for 30 mins. to get a get a good crunchy top. (Can be eaten without further cooking). Marion Courtie.

* * * * * * * *

" N a n a n o s h " - for young children

Blend together in mixer: - 1 ripe banana, chopped. Juice 1 orange. 1 dessertsp. wheatgerm 1 dessertsp. fresh ground nuts. 2 dessertsp. or more Plamil or Granogen powder.

(proportions are variable). My 2 yr. old daughter has this daily, regards it as a treat and is thriving!

Other additions sometimes include: cold left-over porage (this would have wheatgerm In it); puree of soaked dried apricots: puree-ed dates and molasses; cashews or hazelnuts Instead of almonds.

It should be drunk (or spooned, depending on consistency) fresh - it will not k e e p * Diana Rowland.

* * * * * * *

" S o y o n a "

8 ozs. Tomor Juice of 1 lemon 7 ozs. Soya flour 2 teaspns. dill seeds ) Q r tQ ( a £

3 " dried chives ) Melt Tbmor. Stir In sieved soya flour and other Ingredients. Leave to set.

Margaret A. Buckingham. *******

S o y a C r e a m " C h e e s e " .

2 ozs. soya flour 1 tsp. celery salt \ pt cold water either 2 tblspns. Nutter 2 tblsps. lemon juice or 2 tblspns. sunflower oil

1 tsp. Barmene (or to taste).

Blend water into Soya flour. Bring to boil continually stirring. Remove from heat, and stir in lemon juice. Pour mixture through Coffee filter or muslin bag.- After J far. or so, melt Nutter* in pan. Add soya "cheese", celery salt and Barmene. Stir together then leave in bowl to cool.

* For a hard, toastable "cheese", use Nutter. For a soft "cheese" spread, use Sunflower oil. Gordon & Christine Emery.

* * * * * * *

V e g a n C h o c o l a t e .

' 2 tblsps. Nutter 3 tblspns. soya flour 1 level tblspn. cocoa powder 3 " raw sugar or to taste.

Possibly vanilla or other flavouring. Melt Nutter in pan. Add other ingredients. Stir & simmer for a few mlns. making sure there are no lumps. Pour into lightly greased pan. For chocolate bar, the bottom of small bread tin is ideal. Gordon & Christine Emery.

* * * * * * *

A p p l e S c o n e s .

6 ozs. 81% S. R. flour. ozs. Nutter 2 ozs. fine oatmeal 2 Bramley apples

ozs. brown sugar saltspoon of salt. Method.

Mix dry ingredients, grate in Nutter, then rub in finely. Mix with cold water to a firm dough. Roll out on floured board fairly thinly and crown with peeled apples coarsely chopped. Fold dough in two and roll slightly. Cut with a 2" cutter -makes about 12. Cook at No. 6 (400°F) for 10-12 mins.

(regret name mislaid). * * * * * * *

A VEGAN DIET

There are many kinds of vegan diet. Freed from the stranglehold of habit, vegans work out an immense variety of individual diets to suit their particular needs, tastes and circumstances. We propose to publish details of some of them in the "Vegan". For this quarter, we have chosen the diet of a household with a "conventional" eating pattern. They live well and comparatively cheaply for they have an allotment, a garden with fruit trees and bushes and are able to buy from bulk suppliers. They avoid nearly all tinned and packaged foods.

D I N N E R - Menus for a Fortnight: -Recipes in "First Hand: First Rate"- see literature list or given below.

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

(Oven on for bread, cakes & biscuits). Nut Roast, baked potatoes, greens.

Artichoke soup. Cold nut roast. Apple salad. Lentil stew. Dumplings.

(Oven on for bread, etc.) Vegetable hot pot with beans. Baked potatoes.

Tomato soup. Savoury pancakes. Carrot salad. Millet savoury. Carrots. Greens.

potatoes. (Oven on for bread, etc.) Parsnip & soya roast. Baked potatoes. Greens. Mushroom soup. Raw nut loaf. Beetroot & swede salad, potatoes.

Savoury rice. Chick peas. Parsley.

(Oven on for bread, etc.) Lentil pie. Casserole mixed root vegetables. Greens.

WEDNESDAY Celeriac soup. Cold lentil pie. Leek salad. Potatoes. Nut rissoles. Swedes. Greens. THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

(Oven on for bread, etc.) Bean roast. Baked potatoes

Mushroom & Oat savoury. Potatoes

Greens.

Tomatoes.

Bottled loganberries & Loganberry mould.

Stewed dried apricots & apples & custard.

Raw fruit.

Fruit salad with nut cream.

Prunes & apple 6 custard

Fruit salad with nut cream.

Fruit cake. Raw fruit.

Apple dumplings.

Stewed apples & raisins.

Apple crunch & nut cream.

Apple crowdies, nut cream.

Raw fruit.

Stewed apples & apricots.

Raw fruit.

18.

B R E A K F A S T - Raw porage oats with soaked dried fruit (left to sofk over night in water). Bread or toast and margarine, marmalade or Barmene. Apples.

L U N C H - (packed to take to work during week). Sandwiches of home-made bread with vegan 'cheese1, home-made peanut butter, other home-made spreads or left overs of main meal savouries. Salad. Home-made cake and biscuits. Raw fruit.

RECIPES Millet Savoury for 4 people.

6 ozs millet 4 ozs onion 3 ozs oil or to taste. 1 tbs soya flour

pts water - warm. 1 dstsp. Barmene.

Fry chopped onion in half the oil. Fry millet until golden brown in the other half; remove from heat and let cool a little ; add water &. soya. Simmer until all the water has been taken up. Add onion and Barmene;

* * * * * * * *

S a v o u r y R i c e for 4 people.

6 ozs. rice (whole) 1 - 2 tspfs. Barmene 6 ozs. onion 2 ozs. sultanas 4 tbs. oil 12 ozs. cooked & diced root vegetables.

Boil rice until soft and nearly dry. Fry onions in oil and stir with all other ingredients into the rice. Heat through. Serve with beans or chick peas (or add tablespoonful of soya to rice) and greens.

L e n t i l P i e for 4 people.

Pastry CruBt Filling 8 ozs. 100% SR flour 8 ozs. lentils 4 ozs. onion 3 ozs. oil 1 pt. water Herbs to taste. 3 ozs. water 1 oz. Barmene or to taste

2 ozs. oil or to taste.

Pastry. Stir oil in water and tip into flour. Stir lightly until all flour is taken up. Put in frig, or cool place while preparing filling. Roll out between sheets of greaseproof or thlch polythene. Once you have practised this method, you will find it so quick and reliable you will use no other.

Filling. Pick over lentils and remove tiny stones, if any. Stew until soft and nearly dry. Soak up excessive water with breadcrumbs, if necessary. Fry chopped onions in oil. Stir in lentils, Barmene, onion, herbs. - OR FILLING CAN BE BAKED WITHOUT THE PASTRY CRUST TO MAKE A LENTIL SAVOURY. N. B. Red lentils do not require pre-soaking.

"If, after our pity is aroused, we persist in throttling our feelings simply in order to join others in preying upon life, we insult all that is good in us".

Rabindranath Tagore.

19.

QUANTITIES AND COSTS FOR HOUSEHOLD OF 4 ADULTS - 14 days FEB. 1977.

FLOUR 100%, 15 lb for bread + 9 lb for cakes, biscuits etc. - 24 lb. El. 68 B. YEAST dried, 5 pkts 0.45 OATS rolled porage for breakfast, savouries & biscuits 0.90 B. NUTS 5 lbs mixed, hazels, brazils, almonds for savouries,

spreads, etc. 3.47 B. 2 lbs cashew pieces, mostly for cream 0.88 B.

PEANUT BUTTER homemade 2 lb (not oz jars) 0.56 B. LENTILS l i b 0.30 HARICOT BEANS 1 lb 0.20 CHICK PEAS 8 ozs 0.14 SOYA FLOUR for cheese, soups, custard etc. 1 pkt. Soyolk 0.36

1 lb (loose) 0.24 MILLET 6 ozs 0.12 RICE whole 8 ozs . . 0.12 B. SUGAR lbs 0.36 DRIED FRUIT for cakes, sweetening apples & at breakfast

mixed (currants, sultanas, raisins, prunes, apricots) 1.98 B. BARMENE 1§ lbs 1.35 MARMALADE home-made 0.20 MARG. 3 lbs Outline, 2 lbs Tomor 1.94 OIL 1 litre soya, 1 litre sunflower . 1.11 B. POTATOES 18 lbs 2.16 MUSHROOMS 8 ozs 0. 28 TOMATOES 2 lbs 0. 64 ORANGES, GRAPEFRUITS, PEARS, BANANAS 1.80

21.24 (B. - bulk buy) i. e . p e r person per week 2. 65

From Garden - greens (cabbage, kale, broccoli, land cress, sorrel, celeriac, chicory, spinach beet, parsley).

homegrown from store - carrots, parsnips, beetroots, shallots, artichokes, swedes, bottled fruit & bottled tomatoes, apples.

In future Issues, diets that must depend largely on convenience foods from Health Stores, those that aim at self-sufficiency, those especially suited for people living on their own in towns, those that live largely on raw food, and others, will be given. Readers are asked to send in ideas.

VEGAN PARENTS. We now get regular news from parents bringing up their children as vegans and are much encouraged by reports of good health and happy solutions to such problems as school dinners, parties and other social events.

A full, balanced, varied vegan diet, i. e. one including nuts, cereals and a source of B ^ as well as a good variety of fruit and vegetables, is now benefitting many children. It is hoped to supply a special feature on this in the next issue of the Journal. Please send details of your experiences. More immediately, we would value postcard size.pictures of vegan children with details as to name age, etc. to display on our stand at Olympia. They must arrive at 47 Highlands Rd. Leatherhead, by April 9th at the latest.

20.

I LETTERS "The note by Drs. T. A. B. Sanders and F. R. Ellis (The "Vegan" vol. 23 no. 4, '76) mentions the benefits of veganlsm as a treatment of coronary disease. They state that much work is yet to be done into the relationship between animal dietary ingredients and human arteries. Your readers will be interested to know that this has, and is continuing to be carried out, with encouraging results. The earlier work involved 24 cases of coronary heart disease treated by vegetable matter only Initially, with the introduction of fish subsequently. This was reported in the New Zealand Medical Journal, November '72, page 372, and in the same journal of October 24th, '73, page 375. The success of the trial was such that a thorough Investigation was undertaken in Cornwall in 1975 - described in the N e w Zealand Medical Journal, January 22nd, '75, page 79 - whose report is currently in the hands of the publishers. An abbreviated summary is as follows: -

35 patients were followed for a minimum of 26 weeks on a diet strictly excluding all cow, egg and related animal ingredients. The whole group before the trial took 361 tablets per month for the relief of anginal ("heart") pain. At the end of the trial the figure was 44 per month. Other tablets were reduced from 40 per day for the whole group to 2 per day. Weight loss averaged 12 lbs. Blood pressure falls (16) outnumbered increases (3). 8 high blood pressure sufferers did not respond. It must be appreciated that all these volunteers had been on the standard low-fat (skimmed milk etc.) diet for years. The improvement is ascribed primarily to an absolute reduction in animal protein in the diet.

Dr Thornton Crouch.

"Re: An article by G. B. in the letters column of the Latest Vegan Issue on "plant sensitivity". You might be interested to hear that whilst I was In Austria \ during X-mas a statement by Vienna University on the topic of "plant sensitivity" was issued on TV. It said that extensive research into this matter was taken but none of the findings that were made In the U. S. A. on this issue could be repeated and therefore no scientific proof whatsoever of a plant sensitivity could be established"

I. Seidl

(Other investigators in other countries have been unsuccessful In corroborating "the findings". There is no need at all to accept hecklers on hearsay or the unconfirmed written word. K. J. )

"Our cow has just given birth to our first calf- it's a bull calf. This has prompted us to arrive at a decision that we have been pondering on for some time, 1. e. to give up dairy produce. " M and H.

"No animal is killed or sold for any reason including age. The economics of such a scheme are of course ridiculous. Less than half of the animals we are keeping yield milk so all our butter has to be bought in and some of the milk; most of the land is already given over to them and even then they have to be fed massive amounts of bought feed." , „ ,

Member of a lacto-vegetarian community. 21.

VEGAN SOCIETY IN SWEDEN.

In October, 1976, the North family and the Janson-Troengs, both members of the English Vegan Society, decided to start a Swedish Vegan Society (Svenska Vegan Foreningen). This arose initially from our need and desire to be in contact with others who felt the same way as we do, and because no such organization existed in Sweden at the time.

We got In touch with a few other vegans who became our first members. Early in November we issued our first "Veganbladet" - a monthly newsletter type pub-lication, which served also as a contact medium for other vegan members, several of whom live in the country in various parts of Sweden.

As we had almost no money, the "Veganbladet" was written out on stencils and run off one evening a month in the office of Stockholm's Kindergarten teachers' Training College, where Stefari Troeng is a student. The first issue of 100 was sold out within three weeks. Apart from sending it to our few members, we also contacted health food shops and book shops who were willing to sell it for us.

Through the Society, we have also sold Eva Batt's "What's Cooking?". We also wrote and distributed two information sheets : "Why VEGANISM ?" and "What Happens to the Calf?".

Most of our spare time is devoted to the magazine. In our first issue, our lead article was about calcium; we have also written about milk, B12, Honey and D vitamins. Each issue has certain regular features: "Why I am a Vegan", HBrbs, Mother and Baby page, Children's page, Recipes, Ecology, Animal Welfare. Stefan has organized a small exhibition about veganism at his college. Dee has given two talks to small groups of interested students at the University of Stockholm; Ulla has a vegan cookery class one evening a week all this term. We have had article about veganism published in four different magazines In the past couple of months. And, of course, we receive many 'phone calls, enquiries and letters almost daily.

Since we founded the Swedish Vegan Society four months ago, we have now over 50 members/subscribers, and distribute at least 150 issues of our magazine each month. At the end of February, we are having our first "open house" for members to come and talk about veganism, discuss the magazine and get a chance to meet one another. We also plan to show the BBC2 "Open Door" film over here in the late Spring and are hoping to be able to rent at least one or two locales large enough to room a sizable audience which could take part in dis-cussion and questions after the film screening.

A series of five lectures in which highly qualified speakers indicate how to live a full, healthy and ecologically sound life has been arranged by the Vegetarian Society. Speakers include Dr. Gordon Latto, Dr. Barbara Latto, Dr. Alan Long, Penny Nield-Smith and the FHends of the Earth. The lectures begin on April 26th Details s. a. e. please, from the Vegetarian Society, 53 Marloes Rd., London W8.

Greetings from Sweden to our English Vegan friends. (Dee North, Ulla Janson, Stefan Troeng).

• • I T ' S Y O U R W O R L D * *

22.

G R O W I N G FOOD A recently published report by U. N. E. S. C. O. gives only one race as cancer

free- the Hunzas of the Himalayas. A writer in the "Times"says - " They eat only fresh food they grow themselves". Many investigators through the years (especially Dr Robert Mc Carrison who worked with them in the 1930 s )have attributed their superior health and physique to their, food and the quality of the soil on which it is grown. There i s increasing awareness that the way-we feed the soil is of prime importance for human health. Yet still the authorities concerned with the world food situation promote the use of artificial fertilisers, pei.sticides, herbicides and other violent techniques, all based on non- renewable fossil fuels. The dangers of such shortsighted policies to the economies aad social systems and, above all, the health of the peoples of the developing world and to the health of their soil and the whole environment, are matters of grave concern to us all.

The growingof good fruit and vegetables for the benefit of our own health is Important, but even more important is the demonstration of the efficacy of vege-tal compost. If Its use were widely adopted not only would animals be freed from use as walking compost bins but the whole planet and the health of all its inhabi-tants would benefit. In no area i s research more important. Individual gard -eners may well find that they have performed great service to all by open minded carefully recorded experimenting. Please send your ideas, findings - and queries to us, and share them with as many different individuals and organisations as possible. If we are to make the impact that is so necessary we must all the time seek to learn and teach. Intuitions of what.is right must be followed by objective, scientific investigation.

Valuable contributions,for example, are being made by Werner Schupan, Professor of Applied Botany in the University of Maine, who for twelve years experimented with growing certain vegetables in different types of soil using different kinds of fertilisers. He analysed the crops grown with 1) stable manure. 2)bio-dynamlc compost. 3) stable manure and artificial fertllsers and 4) artificials alone. Results showed that while crops from organic plots weighed less , their value as regards protein (especially methionine), ascorbic acid and sugars and minerals was considerably greater. Much of the extra weight of crops grown with N. P. K. was water and undesirable free amino acids and sodium.

Last siammer's drought certainly demonstrated the value of compost. Many an organic gardener found that his humus-rich soil maintained his crops in a way that amazed his artificial fertiliser - dependent friends. But the drought will have lessened the material available for composting last summer. Rather than buy-in material which is costly, may have been treated with chemicals and which runs contrary towards self-sufficiency, set some part of the garden aside for growing compost material. Every garden should have its patch of quick-growing and nutrient-rich comfrey and nettle ( very useful tooas"greens" during the hungry gap) Use the precious compost on the surface of beds that are never walked on and subjected to only m i n i m u m digging and use the paths in between for "weeds" whose many virtues are now being appreciated. Have you bought your

copy of "Common Sense Compost Making" yet ? (95p post free V. S. 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.)

23.

NATURE HAS A WAY

TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR SKIN AND FIGURE OUTLINE

NATEX 2 - a concen-trate of raw vegetables to help purify the blood stream. Taken regularly isa prime aid toa healthy blemish-free skin. Particularly useful if your diet lacks fresh fruit and vegetables.

NATEX SOAP-if you have a sensitive skin, what could be better than this lovely soap, manufactured from veget-able ingredients! Helps remove impurities excreted viathe pores, and is a wonderful aid to a soft and healthy skin.

NATEX 5-helps your slimming programme by adding good wholesome natural ingredients to your diet to aid elimin-ation, improve oxidation and glandular function. And effective when taken In conjunction with a calorie-controlled diet.

Enjoy life to the full with

MODERN HEALTH PRODUCTS DAVIS ROAD. CHESSiNGTON. SURREY. LTD

24.

T H E E N F I E L D BQ13TIQUE % 123 Baker St. Enfield EN1 3HA. (01 363 2982)

v ^ ^ m)

YOUR OWN STORE FOR VEGAN PRODUCTS where you will find ECONOMICALLY PRICED, NON-LEATHER, COMFORTABLE, WATERPROOF, BRITISH-MADE FOOTWEAR - BOOKS & Leaflets - Nylon Artists'BRUSHES - CLEANING MATERIALS, , including all purpose PLUS CHAMMY, SPONGES,TEA TOWELS & DUSTERS, WASHING-UP LIQUID & HOUSEHOLD SOAP. - TOILET SOAPS, SHAMPOOS & COSMETICS of all(vegan) kinds from ALO, B. W. C. . CHARLES PERRY JABLEY.VEGECOS.WELEDA, YIN-YANG,etc. - VEGAN HEALTH FOODS.

Pay us a visit, try the Creams, Lipsticks & Perfumes without obligation. Try on shoes. Select vegan & vegetarian Journals and free literature. Browsers welcome at the Vegan Boutique, 6 mins.walk from the centre of Enfield Town -and station. W8'buses pass the door. We are over Enfield Tyre Co. where a wide range of Motor Accessories acceptable to vegans are available Including Motor Oil & Simulated Leather Seat Covers, plus 100 other useful items. The Store is OPEN on Mondays, Thursdays, Fridays fe Saturdays from 9.15-5 pm. (CLOSED ON TUE. &WED.) If you cannot call, send 15p(stamps will do) + large SAE for our Brochure, illustrated footwear les£.:ets & new comprehensive Price List. DO YOUR SHOPPING AT HOME, IN COMFORT..

"Two other people In the village have sent for your shoes since seeing mine. We are all most grateful to you for introducing this service".

The compelling self-adhesive signs "NO SMOKING PLEASE, People are Breathing" were quickly sold but we expect another supply from America very shortly. Still 3 for 25p and SAE. Approx. 9" x 2J".

SUPPORT VEGAN ENTERPRISES & FURTHER VEGANISM.

There will be a FILM Si MINI-FASHION S H O W at the ENFIELD BOUTIQUE on SUNDAY, MAY 1st at 2. 30.

The Film "CANADA SHAME" will be screened by John Hicks

followed by REFRESHMENTS and a DISPLAY of some of the latest SIMULATED FUR COATS, NON-LEATHER SHOES, VEGAN COSMETICS and HEALTH FOODS - All Available for Sale

ENTRANCE BY TICKET ONLY A mere 40p and SAE , from Mrs. D. Amey at ., Hale End Rd., London E17. Limited accommodation so PLEASE SEND EARLY.

The Boutique is over the Enfield Tyre Co., 6 mins. walk from Enfield Town station. W8 buses pass the door.

25.

MORE VEGAN PRODUCTS Heinz Apple Chutney

Sauces French Dressing Ideal Sauce Spicey 57 Sauce Sweet Pickle Tomato Ketchup

Waltrose Low Fat Spread Long Spaghetti Corn Crisp Bice Crisp Bye Crispbread Wheat " Whole Wheat Biscuit Cornflakes Porridge Oats Breakfast Cereal

Crisps: Potato Sticks Ready Salted Crisps Salt & Vinegar Crisps

(not S&avoury Puffs) All canned Fruit & Pie Fillings All Fruit Juices and Soft Drinks All Preserves All Cooking and Salad Oils Sage & Onion Stuffing Parsley & Thyme Stuffing Custard Powder

Confectionery: Butter Mintoes Clear Fruits

" Mints Chocolate Peanuts & Raisins Orange & Lemon Slices Drinking Chocolate

Canned Baked Beans, Spaghetti&Spaghettl Rings and all Vegetables (except Instant Potato & Roasted Peanuts). AH frozen

Batchelors Vesta Vegetable Curry Thick Lincoln Pea packet Soup Savoury Rice - Golden, Vegetable Salad, Tomato Pack-a-Pie - Apple, Apple & Blackberry, Apricot, Peach, Lemon (not Cherry Pack-a-Pie)

Mapletons Frugrains Cashewnutta. Golden Crunch (Raw sugar Plain Chocolate, Frittamlx - both discontinued)

Chef Packet Soups - Tomato Golden Vegetable

Vessen's Oatcakes with Bran

Health & Diet Food Co. Savoury Sausage Mix Hera Brand Vegetable Supreme

" " " Curry

Pure Lard Ltd. Silver Standard Vege-table Oil Frying Fat Silver Standard Cooking Oil

Shaw's Biscuits - Hazel tine Yorkshire Park in , Demerara

Allinson's Hand Baked Biscuits Fruit & Nut, Coconut, Oatmeal

- MOT \JBQf\H GARLISOL ointment. SUPERSPREAD MARGARINE (M&S). FLAVORCHARM non-dairy coffee creamer. Terry.'s PEPPERMINT CREAMS (contain egg albumin we understand). Waltrose SOUPS Vegetables (except chipped potatoes)

Note 1. Canned peas. Some of the dyes still being used in Britain are not accept-able to the EEC and further tests on animals are required. To avoid supporting these animal experiments we advise readers to use only fresh or frozen peas or those canned in France or Belgium where coal tar based dyes are not used.

Note 2. Germicides and most other chemicals in disinfectants, oven cleaners, etc . , have to be tested from a legal safety aspect and small animals are used for this. Therefore, such products, although made entirely without any animal ingredients, have involved the use of animals and are not acceptable to most vegans. This does not apply to - Swarfega Hand Cleanser (Deb. Chemicals).

26.

Note 3. We get many letters asking about washing powders once listed as vegan such as Dreft, Daz, Flash and liquids such as Fairy etc. While it is still the case that some of these contain no animal ingredients, all have to be tested on animals under the Health & Safety at Work Act.

Note 4. Readers sometimes comment on apparent discrepancies between other lists and those from the "Vegan". There are three possible explanations: -

Ingredients are changed without notice according to price and general availability. Replies may come from different sources where one department or person is

more explicit than another, or One letter of enquiry may have omitted to ask about animal testing, dyes,

emulsifiers, etc. (Often genuinely overlooked by the manufacturer unless asked particularly).

We all do our best to supply as much up-to-date factual information as possible but have to rely on the accuracy of the information supplied by the manufacturer - together with a little common sense (we have had milk powder and ice cream listed as vegan but errors like this are easy to spot - some are not so obvious). Efforts are made to clarify vague or evasive generalisations, often without success, in which case the product cannot be listed at all, what-ever it contains. Eva Batt.

EDITOR'S COMMENTS. "There are plenty of good vegan foods to eat so 'IF IN DOUBT. LEAVE IT OUT'. As regards to other commodities, vegans have to face squarely the fact that it is impossible at present to be 100% free from Involvement in animal exploitation. When we can choose vegan products, we should of course do so, but when we can't we should not waste time and energy worrying and arguing about it. Instead, we should do all we can to co-operate with the Vegan Society in its work to bring the breeding of animals as food machines to an end. When slaughter houses are abominations of the past, alter-natives to their by-products will be made available.

This list and those published in the last two issues of the Journal are now available as a leaflet price 25p - a very low price in view of the literally hundreds of letters that have been written (SAE enclosed, so at a cost of 13p each!) to ascertain the facts. Members and readers should first write to manufacturers and then send comments and queries to Eva Batt, These will be investigated and any necessary corrections and additions will be included in the commodity pages of the "Vegan". Eva will not,as a general rule, answer individually and personally thus gaining many hours to serve the vegan cause in other ways.

National Sponsored S L I M M I N G C O N T E S T - April, 1977.

The British Council for Rehabilitation of the disabled are promoting a Slimming Contest again this year. A choice of General, Vegetarian, VEGAN and other diets are provided by the Council - or contestants can use their own diets. Full details from R. E. H. A. B. Tavistock House (South), Tavistock Sq., London WC1 H. Tel. 01 387 4037/8.

27.

N E W S F R O M P L A N T M I L K L T D .

Arthur Ling of Plantmllk Ltd. writes of an Interesting correspondence, selected from the many about Plamll, the alternative to animal milk, with which he is engaged.

An athlete wrote: "I do require large intakes of protein and need to measure my i n t a k e . . . . . . . . how many GRAMS of actual protein does Plamil contain?" Arthur Ling answered: "One pint of diluted (one part Plamll to one part of water) contains approximately 18 grams of protein". He adds that the protein in Plamll is of a high qualify made from expensive soya protein isolate which is as much as 95% protein (not defatted soya or soya flour which is about 33% protein). All the 21 amino acldes that go to make up protein are present in Plamil with a good balance of the essential lysine, methionine, valine and cystine. It is thus an excellent source of protein for Infants as well as adults.

If any parent bringing their children up on Plamll cares to write to Arthur Ling at PLANTMILK LTD., Plamll House, Bowles Well Gardens. Folkestone, Kent, he will put them in touch with parents who are willing to give them the benefit of their experiences.

Plantmllk Ltd. 's new product "Rice Pudding", which is made from unpolished organically-grown rice, and also contains sultanas free from white mineral oil, should be appearing on the market any time now. Would vegans please ask their Health Stores to order it, If indeed It i s not already in the local store.

J ^ S t e ^ Arthur Ling.

VEGAN NEWSLETTER AND CAFE GROUP. The eleventh edition of the VEGAN NEWSLETTER includes an interview with Kathleen Jannaway, an article on biochemistry and, as usual, several letters and contributions sent in by readers from all over the country. We'll be glad to send a free sample copy of the Newsletter to anyone sending a large SAE (or stamp) to us at 12 Wray Crescent, London N4 3LP.

THE VEGAN CAFE (87 Highate Rd., London NW5; 01 267 6223) is open once again (Mon. - Sat. 5 pm to 9 pm) after a lengthy break over Christmas during which a lot of hard work was put in on several necessary redecoratlon and restoration jobs. The Cafe, which celebrated its first birthday in.January, is now looking better than ever, so do come and visit us If you can.

We are looking for a suitable venue outside London where we might organise a social weekend later on this year. If anybody can offer such accommodation or has any suggestions please do get in touch with us.

Malcolm Home.

' "Disciples, if they are true and sincere, will not wear garments of silk, nor wear boots constructed of leather, because it involves the destruction of life. Disciples will not ingest products of milk or cheese because, thereby, they are depriving the young animals of that which rightly belongs to them".

The Surangama Sutra. BUDDHA.

28.

PUBLICATIONS by the Vegan Society

3rd Enlarged edition £2.20 - selling faster than ever! Wnars Cooking? Extra page of kitchen hints & 2 pages of shopping advice.

The unique cookery book by Eva Batt. Over 270 vegan recipes and valuable information and advice. Written with such vitality and clarity, humour and commonsense that it is a delight to read and own.

First Hand: First Rate 40p.

^'A-recipe'Bb'oMe^s^^ or i - food- they-can 'g row- themse lves . --i . / 'J^ati:

Vegan Mothers and Children 35p.

Accounts by 10 vegan mothers on bringing up children the vegan way.

Pioneers of the New Age 30p.

Accounts by 12 vegans of long-standing on how they fared through the years.-

In Lighter Vein A collection of verses by Eva Batt. Humorous byt pervaded with compassion for living tilings. Attractively illustrated by Jill Bennett.

^ Attractive booklet on choosing and using the fresh foods arounfi us.

-.v* . ' • - J . . ^ ^ / . - f I II I II'—fc QUARTERLY JOURNALS 25p. Membership^ 1.25:(speciaferates2o':Kyimh$p—Bire4)

Also SOLD by the Vegan Society

FOOD FOR A FUTURE by JON WYNNE TYSON - paper- back £1.08 THE CIVILIZED ALTERNATIVE also by Jon Wynne Tyson a clear and compelling guide to the way forward. Hard - back £3.00 STAND AND DELIVER by Kenneth Brown- a humorus and most effective guide to public speaking. Learn to speak for veganism. THE PRISTINE LOAF by H. Pickles on making and appreciating sour dough bread. 2 9P

your VEGAN badge

PENDENTS 50p BROOCHES 60p

plus S. A. E.

29.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS (Please send to the Secretary, 47 Highlands Rd., Leatherhead, Surrey, by May 1st for next issue. Rate 4p a word; box nos. 7p extra)

SMALLHOLDINGS, Farms, Market Gardens, For Sale and Wanted - in England & Wales. Finance arranged. Selection available. Edward Savage & Associates, Auctioneers, Valuers, Surveyors; New Buildings, Trinity Street, Coventry 22048.

'ELECTRIC MAGIC1 MOBILE DISCOTHEQUE. Music to suit any occasion or age Quality sound and light show. Telephone Frodsham 33301 or 33088.

'EAT WELL AND LOSE WEIGHT' is a book about nutrition. It contains a wealth of Information and practical advice that reaches from the soil to the table and beyond - it is written for any reader and tries to do for meat eaters what Mark Anthony did to Caesar - i. e. change their minds. Not vegan but could help that way. Send £3.80 ;(o 60 High Street, Hastings, East Sussex.

d i i i a t t W I M ^ w i B t f M U M i M i i a B H a H ^ M a a n

ANIMAL ACTIVISTS FIGHTS ALL ANIMAL ABUSE. Full membership reserved for vegans and vegetarians. Further details P.O.Box6, Crowborough, Sussex.

VEGFAM feeds the hungry via plant-based foodstuffs, leaf-protein, seeds, irrigation, etc. Trustees, The Sanctuary, Lydford, Okehampton, Devon. Visitors welcome. Tel. Lydford 203.

THE NATURAL HEALTH CLINIC - under the Personal Supervision of the Principal Norman Eddie. The Clinic specialises in the Naturopathic approach to health problems including: Gynaecology, Arthritis, Skin Complaints, Allergies, Gastro-intestinal and all forms of disease affecting the Nervous system. Why not write or telephone our receptionist for an appointment. The Natural Health Clinic, 133 Gatley Rd., Gatley, Cheadle, Cheshire. Telephone: 061 428 4980.

Young Male vegan needs ACCOMMODATION IN PETERSFIELD district with other vegans, r e f e r ences available: Kim Stall wood, Compassion in World Farming, Lyndum House, Petersfield, Hants.

B H M p H M M M B ^ M 1

Gent seeks 2 or 3 vegan persons for HOLIDAY TO THE ADRIATIC, S. Italy, Rosa Marina. Share expenses, own car and cottage - all mod. cons., 3 mins. from . sea, self-catering, May & June. Particulars: C. Maturi, 'La Lombarda',

Leeds LS16 9HY. Telephone: Arthington 2694.

ACCOMMODATION WANTED in Barnett area (NW London) for vegetarian horti-culture student. Self-contained or share with others. A.McGlashan, Rd., Sevenoaks, Kent. NEAR-VEGAN Lat}y (50's) would like to correspond with others, preferably with view to holidaying together. Could meet London. Interests include music, walking, dream interpretation. Box_No. 1. "WHOLE EARTH" - the magazine tnat's up from the country. For those living and working together and fop those who want to do something about the environ-ment. No9 issue just out contains Exclusive interview with Cabinet Minister, Bike Bag invention, Animal Welfare, Recipes, News Reviews only 25p (or £1 subscription). 30. NEW SANCTUARY the magazine for all animal welfare. Sample copy 20p; 6 bi-monthly issues £1.20. Distribution Dept. , 30 Florence Rd., Fleet, Hants.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS (continued)

•Garden the VEGANIC WAY. Grow your vegetables, fruit,cereals and nuts without digging or using animal manures, chemical fertilisers of any kind, or poisonous sprays. Ensure fine flavoured, good looking and wholesome produce, "CONCISE GUIDE" 40p plus postage stamp. Also a BI-MONTHLY NEWSLETTER SERVICE. Subscribers' queries answered. £1.50p yearly, post free. "Veganic", 73 Crispin Rd., Bradville 1, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. *

* VEGANIC TRAINING CENTRES. The 1977 Session of Training will commence on 15th February. Would-be students whose circumstances prevent them being there on 15th, may enrol for the second phase of the first session by arrangement, in time to grow melons, cucumbers, peppers - under dutch lights. Details from "Veganic", 73 Crispin Rd., Bradville 1, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. *

• VEGANIC SYSTEM OF INTENSIVE CROP PRODUCTION. A working partner is needed with a view to full partnership: a young person whose way of life eliminates all animal substances from the diet and is physically and mentally in good health, with proven evidence of a liking for an open-air life growing vegetables, fruit, flowers, etc. ,or similar outdoor occupation, and who would view with favour an opportunity to join the pioneering family of the Dalziel O'Brien's who evolved the unique alternative system of intensive crop production. This is a system which employs surface cultivation (no digging) together with a manurial routine using for the most part a herbally activated compost and witholdlng. all products of an animal organic nature. Please Telephone Milton Keynes 315917. f See below)

FRENCH COOK (widow with three sons 18,20,22) seeks position In village l'ecologlque or other employment serving only vegan food. Box no. 2.

Vegan Couple, both qualified and experienced teachers, offer WEEKEND COURSES IN NATURAL HISTORY to children. Some hill walking, photography, painting and sailing may be included as required. Details from BURNETT, Min-y-Grug, Llandegla, Nr.Wrexham, Clwyd LL11 3AA. Tel. Llandegla 601.

PEOPLE SHOULD KNOW that by holidaying in Spain they are encouraging Bull Fighting with all its horrors for the ponies as well as bulls. More particulars from A. H. Broughton, ., Rhoose, Barry, Glam. (post free).

I am in the process of compiling an ANTHOLOGY OF POETRY on the theme of ecology and conservation, with particular emphasis on the effects of the human race upon the environment. Poets interested in contributing should send max. of 6 poems (with SAE) by June '77 to Tina Morris, . , Catterall, Preston, Lanes.

FRENCH LANGUAGE STUDENT requires accommodation, paying or au pair in French speaking, country for 1 or 2 weeks at Easter. Box no 4. Engineering minded person(s) also to engage in food processing required by PLANTMILK LTD., Plamil House, Bowles Well Gardens, Folkestone, Kent. Written applications only.

31.

* Not connected with the Vegan Society.

A C C O M M O D A T I O N

FOLKESTONE Comfortable Holiday Flatlet; sleeps two. Self-catering. Mrs. Allen, ., 0303 56327.

NEWQUAY Accommodation and self-catering facilities are available for up to three vegans/vegetarians in a cliff-top cottage overlooking the Harbour. Prepared evening meal optional. No vacancies August. Miss Doney, Newquay, Cornwall TR7 1 EZ.

PERTHSHIRE Brook Linn, Callander. Vegetarian and Vegan Meals carefully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable Guest House - near Trossachs and West Highlands. Mrs. M. Choffin. Tel. Callander 30103 (STD 0877).

BARNET, HERTS. Well-known worker for animal welfare (elderly woman) would like to share small bungalow with vegan spinster or widow. No rent. Part share expenses. Preference for tidiness and tolerance. Box no. 5.

DORSET Self-catering or half board. Holiday or permanent. Large flat for vegan/vegetarian non smokers. State requirements to Mrs. Mather, Rd, Poole BH12 1BG.

J CORNWALL J * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "WOODCOTE", THE SALTINGS, LELANT, ST. IVES. Tel: Hayle 3147 * #

Vegetarian/Vegan Holiday. Centre.overlooking Hayle Estuary^ssaEs^sasa® * . s g ^ t a a g a i ^ ^ J * * * SPIRITUAL HEALING by arrangement J * (John Blackaller , N. F . S. H. ) * * *

* Brochure, etc. from Vegan Proprietors - John and Miss Hazel Blackaller. *

HEAVY HORSE PRESERVATION SOCIETY

Since the onset of farm mechanisation 999 in 1,000 of our farm horses have been slaughtered and, their employment being considered uneconomic, the slaughter still continues.

The Heavy Horse Preservation Society begs for donations for a rescue fund to buy and care for a few of the survivors. Gifts of jewellery, old coins, used stamps or anything else for sale in the Society's shop are also welcome.

So far, the Society has bought nineteen horses. This is the final hour of need for animals that have served, us all so faithfully and so well. Help is now

. urgently needed and deeply appreciated. R. G. Hooper, Treasurer, Heavy Horse Preservation Society, Old Rectory, Whitchurch, Salop. SY 13 1LF.

32.

BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY

Natural Fragrant Flower Creations

P E R F U M E : R O S E P E T A L S K I N F R E S H E N E R A V O C A D O S A T I N L O T I O N : P I N E F O A M B A T H

L O T U S F L O W E R S H A M P O O : N A I L L A Q U E R T O I L E T S O A P S : D E O D O R A N T

F A C E P O W D E R & T A L C U M C U C U M B E R C L E A N S I N G M I L K & A F T E R S H A V E NEW: GENERAL PURPOSE SOAP & WASHING-UP LIQUID

Obtainable from Health Stores or Beauty without Cruelty Boutiques in: LEEDS . LONDON . EDINBURGH . DUNDEE & STANFORD

(Lincolnshire)

BWC, 1 CALVERLY PARK, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT

It's 100% vegetable ... made from the soya bean and packed with protein and goodness. Its production involves no exploitation of animals. The flavour is quite delicious—all the family, particularly the children will love it. You can drink it on its own as a super health drink or use it on breakfast cereals, in coffee or tea

or in dishes such as milk puddings and custards. What's more it will keep in the can just as long as you want to keep it. A wonderfully versatile and nutritious food ... Golden Archer Beanmilk by Itona. It's at your health food store.

The Milk That's 1 0 0 % N o n - A n i m a l

CRANKSHgALTHFOODS William' BloJit Hrow-ataffWI Street- UniLm H'l

35 Castle StrutfyiUjorA- Si (my Fb<s Strut" Tnrtmirutlv''De\vn

35 HiqhStrtct' Tcm« -Dowi

Also CRANKS RESTAURANT IN HEAL'S, 196 TOTTENHAM COURT RD.,

W.I. CRANKS RESTAURANT, SHINNERS BRIDGE, DARTJNGTON, DEVON.

PLAMIL range is exclusively vegan

PLANTMILK. DELICE

SA-VREE: CHOCOLATE

CULINARY HERBS

and now: — PLANTMILK RICE (unpolished) PUDDING

with sultanas.

Please place a regular order with your HEALTH STORE to ensure products always available.

For literature write (s.a.e. please) : P L A N T M I L K L T D .

Plamil House, Bowles Well Gdns. Kent, Folkestone