pirn

I i THE VEGAN SOCIETY

founded 1944

Advocates living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of all food and other commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Its members base their lives on the ethic of Reverence for Life and seek to free themselves from all forms of cruelty and exploitation. They are aware of man's responsibilities to his environment and seek to promote the proper use of the resources of the earth.

President: Dr. Frey Ellis, Epsom, Surrey. Deputy President: Mr. J. Sanderson. Vice Presidents: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Mr. J. Dinshah, Mrs. M. Henderson, Dr. C. Nimmo, Miss W. Simmons, Miss M. Simmons, Mrs. E. Shrigley, Dr. F. Wokes. Secretary: Mrs. K. Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. T s. G. Smith (to whom all subscriptions should be sent),

Palmers Gr 4UP. Librarian: Mr. W. Wright, Enfield, Middlesex. L ure Secretary: (for all literature requests): Mrs. V. Farrell,

Golden Lane, London, E.C.1. Committee: Mrs. E. Batt, Mrs. S. Coles, Dr. F. Ellis, Mrs. V. Farrell, Mr. J. Sanderson, Mrs. G. Smith, Mr. A. Williams, Mr. W, Wright. Minimum subscription, which includes "THE VEGAN", £1.25 per annum (and 63p for each additional member of one family at the same residence); 63p if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £20.

THE VEGAN

Quarterly 10p Editorial Board: Kathleen Jannaway, Secretary, to whom all copy should be sent. Eva Batt, Chairman of the Council. Karl Farreil, of the Young Vegan Section. Editorial Advisor: Jack Sanderson B.Sc. Scientific Advisor: Dr. Frey Ellis Distribution Secretary: Linda Emptage, NOTE NEW ADDRESS 53, Winstanley Crescent, Ramsgate, Kent. Advertisement and Production Manager: Donald Scott, Shoarn's, Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset. (Tel: Sturminster Newton 532)

The Editorial Board does not necessarily agree with opinions expressed by contributors to this magazine, or endorse advertisements.

Copy Dates: 1st day of:- February for "Spring", May for "Summer", August for "Autumn", November for "Winter".

Printed by "Shoarprint", Belchalwell, Blandford, Dorset for the Vegan Society, 47, Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey.

EDITORIAL F R I N C I p A L LANDSCAPE MANAGER WANTED

Salary £3 ,666 • £4 ,455 To lead the C o r p o r a t i o n ' s Landscape Section,

hy Jack Sanderson How refreshing and encouraging to read this new type of adve r t i s e -

ment, Skelmersdale, si tuated 18 miles nor th-east of Liverpool, was the f i rs t of the New Towns to es tab l i sh i ts own la rge - sca le landscaping organisa t ions , integrating extensive tree and shrub nurser ies , a large out-door works team and a design group under one management. This proved very succes s fu l and Skelmersdale., having planted 34,000 t r ees , 490,000 shrubs and 560,000 whips over the past eight years , has set a precedent that others are now fol lowing. The annual planting rate of 8 - 10,000 trees and 150,000 shrubs must be susta ined for many years yet if overall commitments are to be met in this f a s t e s t growing of the New Towns .

Whilst some new towns have their soc ia l problems, the greenness of Nature is not one of them. Most of our old towns however have their dismal a reas - some posit ively ugly and others just depress ing . Yet with planning and forethought these a reas can be transformed provided the will is there and the money forthcoming.

Within the conurbation of Greater London, there are al l types of d i s t r i c t s , f romat t ract ivenew vi l lages and pleasant dormitory a r e a s , through square mile af ter square mile of regimented decaying terraced property to utterly derel ict ex- indus t r ia l and commercial a reas that are the epitome of g r imness . Yet if present plans mature, in 50 years Greater London will give the impression of a vas t woodland - the Eastern s ide of it will look like the Southern s ide , with t rees , shrubs and g rass everywhere. London has some at t ract ive parks, but apart from these there i s a separate organisation within the G. L . C . Housing Department whose work will greatly a f fec t the landscape a s the years pass by.

The Senior Horticultural Officer to this Department through his 9 area foremen and 350 gardeners is responsible for trimming 300 miles of hedges and cutting 1,300 acres of lawn whilst among the annual jobs are the planting of 10,000 t r ees , 250,000 bedding plants (repeated later in the year) , 50,000 bulbs , masses of rose t r ees , dah l i a s , geraniums, marigolds, lobelia , a lyssium and many others grown in their 13 area nurse r ies . The Officer joins in the init ial planning of a new es t a t e on development . His voice is as inf luent ial a s that of the surveyor, archi tect or engineer . His intention is that i t shall be a s well treed and harmoniously landscaped as poss ib le , using exis t ing trees if any, and planting the favourite blossom 2

t rees for colour and lea f iness along with the planes , limes and ches tnuts for a more permanent long term effect result ing in a wood-land environment.

The price of land within the 625 square miles of Greater London continues to soar and the G . L . C . al lowance of land per person is 12 square yards whilst that for garden is 20 square f e e t . Tree planting is not without i t s hazards even though smoke and grime is l e s s troublesome than formerly. Gales are intensif ied by high blocks and tend to uproot young t r e e s . Large white sur faces ref lec t heat in high summer and tend to dry up vegetat ion whilst concrete roadways and playgrounds may starve the roots of water and a l so cause undue pressure on them.

It is pleasing to learn that 300 elderly tenants too old to garden have a twice yearly f ree tidy up whilst sheltered sea t s and sweet smelling flowers are provided for older people whose sight is not so good as it w a s .

An interesting e f fec t of the Year of the Tree in my own borough is that the annual al lowance for tree planting has gone up from £600 to £6,000 for this and each of the next four yea r s .

Please let us know about developments in your area a s regards landscaping and tree planting, and if necessary ginger up your local authority by writing sui table let ters to the councillors and the papers .

NEWS OF M E M B E R S

Richard St. Barbe Baker We offer our congratulations to Richard St . Barbe Baker oh receiving

the Conservation Award for 1972 from Friends of Nature, Maine, U .S .A. "in recognition of many years of dedicated service to conservat ion and humanity; for pioneering work, a concern for ecology and being the foremost world ci t izen to s t r ess the importance of maintaining tree cover for the continued exis tence of al l forms of l ife: for inspired leadership, in the fight agains t the destruction of fo res t s and for af fores ta t ion of deser t s ; and espec ia l ly for being a true Friend of'filature" in every way. and to Brian Gunn King H o n . G e n . S e c . , I .V .U . who has been appointed "Senior Planner" (Development Plan) Ballymena Division, Ministry of Development in the new N.Ireland Local Govt, re organisation taking place on O c t . l s t 1973. The area to be under his care for this purpose covers some 770 sq . miles and s t re tches eas t to west from the Antrim Scenic coas ta l road to the Sperrin Mounts and includes most of Lough Neagh, the Antrim plateau, fores ts and nature r e se rves .

3

M I N U T E S O F T H E 2 8 T H . V E G A N S O C I E T Y h e l d a t W e s t m i n s t e r , N o v e m b e r

A . G . M . O F T H E t h e A l l i a n c e H a l l ,

2 5 t h . 1 9 7 2 .

In the Chair - Jack Sanderson, Deputy President of the Society 45 members a t tended . Chairman's Address . The Chairman welcomed the members and gave greet ings from Dr. Frey Ellis President of the Society and Dr. Frank Wokes one of the vice Presidents who regretted being unable to a t t end . He a l so announced that Eva Batt had been prevented from coming at the las t minute by the sudden i l lness of her husband. He knew that a l l these long proved workers of the Society would be in the thoughts of those p resen t . Jack Sanderson t h e n asked for a minutes s i lence so that the thought of the members present could be sent to Mr. Batt. He further asked that the e f fec t of the meeting should be to encourage the soirit of compassion and reverence for all l i fe .

The Chairman descr ibed the year that had passed a s a year of growth with more new members, the new Surrey and Distr ict Branch, the Young Vegan Section all giving evidence of new growth in the Socie ty . He exDlained the great d i f f icul t ies that had at tended the publishing of the Summer "Vegan" and he Da id tribute to Donald Scott's s u c c e s s f u l pro-duction of the Autumn edi t ion.

Turning to the future , the Chairman said that 1.973 had been des ig -nated the Year of the Tree. Everyone was becoming pollution conscious now they needed to become tree- conscious and to rea l i se the part that t rees could olay in helping man to restore a right balance in Nature. BUSINESS OF THE MEETING

The Minutes of the 1971 A . G . M . were taken a s read and later duly s igned . Treasurer 's Report

Grace Smith apologised for not being able to present the balance sheet a s due to a misunderstanding over da tes with the auditor , it had not yet been rece ived . A specia l A . G : M . would be cal led to consider it later in the year . (See Future Meet ings) . She was however able to make a statement about the f inanc ia l position of the Socie ty . During the Dast year the Society had received more money and had soent more money. At present there was £289 in the Current Account and £354 in the Deposi t Account. The position of the Socie ty ' s s tocks was better than las t year and we had about £900 in r e se rve . The Treasurer thanked everyone for their subscr ipt ions and donations and for their wi l l ingness to save postage and her time by doing w'thout r ece ip t s . A member who had in the pas t generously donated £5 regularly had this year sent £40.

4

Another member had sent a camera which had been sold for £10. A Life Member had died and lef t £100 which the Council planned to put in the Building Society agains t the time when the Society could afford i t s own premises . Annual Report

The 28th Annual Report of the Vegan Society was then read by the Secretary and the 1st Annual Report of the Y.V.S. was read by their newly aopointed publicity of f icer , Michael Mott . These reports were printed in the Autumn 1972 Journal. Election of Off icers

The O f f i c e r s - a n d C o u n c i l , who were a l l s tanding for r e - e l e c t i o n , were elected without opposi t ion . Grace Smith was re -e lec ted a s Treasurer and Mr. Leacock a s Auditor and the Editorial Board cons is t ing of Eva Batt, Frey Ell is , Karl Farrell, Kathleen Jannaway, Jack Sanderson was approved,. Plantmilk Ltd.

Veda Farrell then read a report from Plantmtlk Ltd. sent by Arthur Ling who regretted his inability to a t t end .

THE WAY AHEAD Deputising at the l a s t minute for Eva Batt, Kathleen Jannaway spoke

of the opportunit ies ahead for the developing Society. It had gained nearly twice as many new members in 1972 a s it had in 1971 which had a l so been a good year . New Literature and posters had been produced to encourage more growth. The Society was too London dominated- there was great need for local groups and the Council was working to promote their formation. Lists of people willing to ac t a s local contac ts were being published in the "Vegan". It was hoped that a s many a s poss ib le would support them and help to form groups. Some areas had no contac ts a s yet- they were eagerly awai ted . At th is time of development it was important that every member should consider making his maxi-mum contribution. Even i so la ted members could be ac t ive in their own d i s t r i c t s . Personal wi tness without se l f - r igh teousness or a g g r e s s i v e -nes s but with healthy well balanced l ives was the bes t way of spread-ing veganism. Vegans had to convince others that their way of l ife was supremely important because only by learning to live according to the e th ic of reverence for l i fe could mankind survive the dif f icul t and challenging days that lay ahead . ANY QUESTIONS SESSION

A panel of f ive members - Jack Sanderson, William WFight, Karl Farrell , Antony Williams and Joan Bray was then assembled to consider quest ions that had been sent in . Kathleen Jannaway from the Chair said that the Council was glad to have th i s opportunity to acqua in t i tself

5

with the opinions and feel ings of the membershio on important quest ions and that therefore, a f te r the members of the panel had spoken, d i scuss ion from the floor would be encouraged. It was hoped that during tea and af terwards back in their own dis t r ic t s the d i scuss ion would cont inue . Question 1. Why does the Vegan Society in i t s advocacy of veganic gardening res t r ic t i tself by defining compost a s only that made without human f a e c e s thus breaking the Cosmic (divine) Law of Return? Note I do not advocate the use of commercial or town sewage but the ful l operation of the Law of Return within a vegan household and i ts plot .

There was general agreement that the method of disposing of sewage in to the sea was very wastefu l and that i t should be returned to the land, but doubt was expressed because of poss ible hazards to human health if it was used directly a s fer t i l i ser for food grown for human consumption. Reference was made to new ways of dealing with sewage . Members needed to study these a s well a s methods that have been used in various parts of the world for cen tur ies . Question 2. How vegan does one have to be to qualify for full member-ship? Some people have diff iculty in getting vegan margarine. Some fe l t that it was permissible to eat honey. The panel and most contr i -butors confined their remarks to the quest ion of the use of honey - an obviously bord.'erline c a s e . The Rules drawn up soon af te r the formation of the Society defini tely require that full members should refrain from honey. Was it time to al ter a regulation that bes ides barring some' from ful l membership prevented others from becoming even Assoc ia tes in a Society that appeared to them pedantic and interfering unnecessar i ly with the freedom of the individual to act according to his consc i ence . Some early members of the Society were present and gave the assurance that the matter had been Very carefully considered when the rules were drawn up. They and others fe l t that to a l ter them would be to undermine a bas i c pr inciple . Yet others fe l t there was a serious anomaly in that ful l members could continue to use wool, fur and leather and other commodities involving cruel exploitat ion and yet those who ate humanely produced honey were exc luded . There was general condemnation of commercially produced honey from bees fed on sugar and subject to other unacceptable p rac t i ces .

Many of those that were agains t the use of honey revealed that they knew l i t t le about bees and their habi ts and the re la t ionship of mutual benefi t that could exis t between a concerned beekeeoer and his b e e s . The fac t remained that honey was produced by insec t s that passed into it certain secre t ions from their body and therefore could not be descr ibed a s an entirely plant product. There were many con-fl ict ing reports about the value of honey in the human die t , but none 6

claims that it is an e s sen t i a l food. A "snap" vote, not to be regarded a s in anyway binding, was sugges ted by a member of the panel and revealed a majority in favour of keeping the Rule aga ins t honey.

The debate continues in other pages of this journal and it is hoped throughout the membership who should recognise the obligation to be well informed in this matter . TEA The Chairman judged it right that tea should be served punctual 'y a t 4 .30 but in response to an overwhelming vote from the floor under-took to convene the panel again a f te rwards . A lively socia l time and enjoyable tea fol lowed. Members contributed to the cost of the tea that had been provided without charge by the Council and others and they showed great in teres t in the Literature and Plantmilk Stand. (Taken for tea~£4.50, for Literature-£9.50 and for Plantmilk goods -£5 .00 . PANEL OONTINUED Question 3. How far should we co-opera te with organisat ions like the Vegetarian Society. There seemed to be general agreement on the Panel and from the floor that the Vegan Society should co-opera te a s fu l ly a s poss ible so long a s i t stood firmly by i ts spec i f i c pr inciples and maintained i t s ident i ty . Question 4. How wide a range of vegetables does one have to have to maintain hea l th? Can fruit subst i tute for vegetables in the vegan d ie t . William Wright in answering s t ressed the importance of a wide variety of plant foods using at the same meal different parts of the plant , root, stem, leaf , flower and f ru i t . Other members of the panel s ignif ied general agreement with this which i-s in accordance with the policy of the council of helping individuals to discover a sa t i s fac tory diet in accordance with their individual needs , t a s t e s and c i rcumstances . Question 5. Should starchy foods be given to dogs a s they have no ptyelin in their sa l iva? . . The short answer to th is was that s tarch digest ion can take p.lace in other parts of the diges t ive system bes ide the mouth: However a lively d i scuss ion was promoted on the whole subjec t of feeding pets and the question of their being kept at a l l . This r a i se s an Important i s sue concerned with the re la t ionship b e -tween man and animals that deserves wide cons idera t ion . Do animals properly belong only to the wild or can they l ive in a s soc i a t i on with*men to the benefi t of both, co-operat ion replacing exploi ta t ion?

The meeting closed at 6 .30 but it i s hoped that the d i scuss ion will go on . Members are reminded of the need to have informed minds a s well as loving hearts and tender c o n s c i e n c e s . The bas ic e th ic of Reverence for Life remains unassa i lab le but opinions a s to the bes t way of serving i t are subjec t to change in a raoidly changing world soc i e ty .

YOUNG VEGAN SECTION NOTEBOOK

From the Secretary, Veda Farrel.l YVS Committee Elec t ions . The following people were e lec ted to the YVS Committee at our A . G . M . in November, 19 72, and the off ice bearers were subsequently e lected by the Committee: Miss A. Wright, Mrs . V. Farrell (Secretary until June 1973), and M e s s r s . R. Colby, K . Farrell (Chairman), M. Mott (in charge of publicity), I . Tolley (Treasurer) and A. Wil l iams. Ian Tolley l ives near Oxford and Robert Colby l ives in Kent, but the res t of the Committee live in and around London. Going Abroad This Year? This yea r ' s Congress of the International Vegetarian Union i s to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, .See Page If you are planning to attend p lease let me know. Unfortunately, we cannot help you f inancia l ly but we may be able to help in other d i rec t ions . However on your return I'm sure YVS Members would like to hear what you thought of the Congress - it could be the b a s i s for a worthwhile meeting. All those I have known who have at tended IVU Congresses in the past said they enjoyed themselves in company with vegetar ians from a number of other count r ies . YVS Emblem. I have to date received a number of suggest ions for a YVS emblem, and the Committee wishes to thank those who contr ibuted. Further suggest ions are welcomed.

On Sat . 6th and Sun. 7th January a few YVS members went to the home of Dr. Wokes at Garston, where he runs the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre . We were able to help him with some of his work and had an enjoyable time into the bargain . We "will be going again on the w e e k e n d 3rd and 4th February s o a report of that w e e k e n d w i l l be appearing la te r . If you are interested in this type of ac t iv i ty , the com-mittee is in touch with many Societ ies which have similar aims to Vegans, and we could probably arrange something. Cycling Club . If you are interested in cycl ing, be it for pleasure or jus t to keep f i t , you may be pleased to learn that a few Vegans have been meeting at Cyranos Vegetarian Restuarant, Hampstead High Street , for the past several months on Wednesday evenings at 6 .30 p . m . If you wish to join us , ei ther come along or contact the Publicity Off icer .

Michael Mot t . YOUR LETTERS - ALWAYS WELCOME

Karl Farrell From time to time the YVS rece ives let ters from people in Britain and

abroad on various s u b j e c t s . Often they are asking for information and sometimes they require more than t h i s . We are a lways glad to rece ive them and it is pleasing when we can he lp . One problem facing many vegans living outs ide Britain and the USA i s the diff iculty they have in 8

I

obtaining some vegan products, such a s the plant milks which are so readi ly avai lable here . Some countries act ively res t r ic t the sa le or importation of animal milk subs t i t u t e s .

One (apparently insoluble) problem common to vegans in Britain and e lsewhere is our isolat ion from other vegans and often from vegetar ians a s wel l . For many of us then the "Vegan" is our only meaningful link with others who share, our b e l i e f s . In the hope that through these pages we might come closer together , I invite you to make your contr ibution. I ask you to say what you think about veganism, about what the YVS ought to be doing, about anything that concerns you a s a vegan. Personally, I am quite curious about a number of th ings . I wonder if there i s any pattern discernable in the tyoes of occupat ions that young vegans choose . I know a number of vegans who are teachers and there must-be others who I don' t know. Perhaos one of them might like to tel l us if it i s true that educat ion in British schools is b iased agains t vegan pr inc ip les .

YOUNG VEGANS SPRING PROGRAMME SUNDAY, 25th MARCH 2.30 p . m . Meet inside Science Museum for an interest ing afternoon followed by a meal together and a Folk Da

Y, 1stAPRIL 2 .30 p . m . Meet at Serena Coles ' home, , Purley (15 mins. Purley s ta t ion , 7 mins. Riddlesdown i scuss ion on "Direct Action Against Cruelty to Animals" led by

Ronnie Lee of Hunt Saboteurs . SATURDAY, 14th APRIL 5 p . m . Meet at Havemore Vegetarian Restaurant 280 Romford Road, E . 7 . for meal and evening enter ta inment . WEDNESDAY 23rd MAY Vegan Society Extraordinary General Meeting and Socia l . See Future Meet ings . SUNDAY 6th MAY Surrey Ramble - de ta i l s l a te r . SPRING BANK HOLIDAY 25th - 28th MAY We are invited to vis i t "Vegro" the veganic garden a t Tyringham Naturopathic Clinic near Newport Pagnell Bucks and it i s hoped to arrange overnight accommodation. Contact Robert Colby, Hadlow Col lege, Hadlow, Tonbridge, Kent. SUNDAY 17th TUNE 2 .30 p . m . Vegan Society Garden Party. See Future Meet ings . SUNDAY 24th TUNE 2 .30 p . m . Meet Karl Farrell at Charing Cross Pier for concert ac ross the river followed by coffee evening at 8 Basterfield House , Golden Lane, E . C . I , from 6 p . m . onwards .

urther de ta i l s from Michael Mott , YVS Publicity Off icer , , W.3 . 01 -992-1624 . , or any Committee Member.

CONGRATULATIONS Tristan Bray

We have the glad news of a new vegan baby born to Joan and Philip Bray on January 13th - a grandson, Tristan Anthony, for our Treasurer, Grace Smith.

9

FUTURE MEETINGS

April 1st , Sunday, 2 . 3 0 p . m . at Serena Coles ' home, , Purley. (15 mins. Purley Station, 7 mins. n). Discuss ion on "Direct Action Against Cruelty to Animals" led by Ronnie Lee of "Hunt Saboteurs . "

May 6th, Sunday. Surrey Walk . Please apply to Secretary for de ta i l s May 23rd. Wednesday, 7 .30 p . m . Extraordinary

Social at Karl and Veda Farrel l ' s home, Golden Lane, London, E . C . 1 . Member be welcome from 6 .30 p . m . onwards . The E . G . M . will be a short one to consider the accounts which were not presented at the A . G . M . It will be followed by a Social a t 8 p . m . Golden Lane i s near the new Barbican Stat ion.

May 27th or 28th. See YVS Programme. June 17th, Sunday, 2 .30 p . m . Vegan Society Garden Party, 47 Highlands

Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. B. 2033 off A. 24 between Dorking and Kingston or Epsom. 15 minutes Leatherhead Station, 5 minutes Town Centre, served by Green Line Coaches 712 and 714 and several b u s e s . Ask for Leatherhead Parish Church on the Dorking Road.

July 28th - August 4th, 22nd World Vegetarian Congress ,

VERY IMPORTANT P l e a s e at tend to this Dr. Armstrong of Oxford University plans to conduct research into

the cause s of death among vegans . He i s particularly interes ted in the idea that a vegan diet may protect agains t cancer of the colon. He wishes to have the names of al l members of the Society - pas t and present - and to check cause of death with the Registrar General . He requires no contact with individual vegans and all information gleaned will be treated a s s tr ict ly conf ident ia l . Will any member who does not wish his name or the name of any relat ive who has died to be included on the l i s t p lease inform the Secretary immediately. It is fel t that a l l members will be very concerned that this important piece of research should go forward but that any who wish should have the opoortunity to withdraw their names . WHICH

The February Edition of "Which" has an interest ing ar t ic le on margar ines .

10

to maintain a healthy nervous system...

Sunerven NERVOUS DIBIUITY

8LKPLESSNE9S IRRITA8ILITV

NERVOUS DYSPEPSIA

Sunerven tablets contain carefully selected herbal substances compounded with Vitamins of the B group to provide a natural remedy for Nervous Debility, and such troubles as nervous dyspepsia and irritability. By aiding balanced metabolism Sunerven helps to produce that tranquil condition so necessary for restful sleep.

I Enjoy life to the full with MODERN HEALTH PRODUCTS

Modern Health Products Ltd., Davis Road, Chessington, Surrey.

NATURE HAS AWAY

WHAT'S . COMING C

What's Cooking? A NEW VEGAN COOKERY BOOK W R I T T E N AND C O L L A T E D BY EVA BATT

WITH SOME VALUED ASSISTANCE FROM NUTRITIONAL SCIENTISTS AND OTHERS. T H E H A R D , G R E A S E -RESISTANT COVER DESIGNED BY G E O F F R E Y RUDD, IS BOTH F U N C T I O N A L AND A T T R A C T I V E AND THE M O D E R N LAY F L A T BINDING A DISTINCT ASSET IN USE. A W E L L THOUGHT OUT P R O D U C T I O N COVERING COOKED AND UNCOOKED FOODS AND S A M P L E S O F P L A N N E D MENUES. N E W C O M E R S T O THE VEGAN WAY O F L I F E (WHO S O M E T I M E S HAVE DOUBTS ABOUT THE ADEQUACY O F T H E DIET) WILL BE P A R T I C U L A R L Y I N T E R E S T E D IN T H E N U T R I T I O N A L ADVICE, THE VARIETY O F T H E DISHES AND S I M P L I C I T Y O F THE WORDING. P u b l i c a t i o n Da te

MARCH 25th. P R I C E £ h 2 5

P l u s 20p p o s t a g e and pack ing f r o m the L i t e r a t u r e S e c r e t a r y

S P E C I A L O P F E R to m e m b e r s of the Vegan and V e g e t a r i a n S o c i e t i e s only ( p l e a s e s t a t e j . A n u m b e r of c o p i e s in the f i r s t ed i t ion will be p e r s o n a l l y a u t o g r a p h e d and a fu l l s i z e

" P L U S CHAMMY" wil l be sen t a b s o l u t l y f r e e with the c o m p l i m e n t s of the p u b l i s h e r

ILFRACOMBE DEVON

"FAIRWYNDS VEGETARIAN

GUEST HOUSE"

5OFFERS HEALTHFUL HOLIDAYS WITHg

NATURAL WHOLE FOODS

^COMPOST GROWN PRODUCE. HOME

BAKING

VEGANS WELCOME

ELIZABETH BURTON

V.C.A. MEMBER

TELEPHONE 2085 S G E G E E E E G G G E

"WOODCOTE" THE SALTINGS, LELANT

ST. IVES, CORNWALL

A COMFORTABLE VEGETARIAN GUEST HOUSE SET IN PEACEFUL SURROUND-INGS OVERLOOKING HAYLE ESTUARY

C. H. & H. & C. IN ALL ROOMS

We take pleasure In catering for Vegan*. A warm and friendly

welcome awaits all comers

MR. JOHN Et MISS HAZEL BLACKALLER

Telephone Hayle3147

Twenty Second World Vegetarian Congress , Saturday Sat .July 2.8th - Sat.August 11th (post-congress holiday to Sat.August 11th).

The International Vegetarian Union, whose Honorary Secretary is our well known friend Brian Gunn-King, is holding the 22nd World Vegetarian Congress in Sweden this year at the beautiful Reso Hotel Congress Centre , Ronneby Brunn, Blekinge Province. Here is an opportunity to combine a wonderful holiday with service of the highest importance to the vegan cause It is hoped that as many of our members a s possible will go to present the vegan ideal and to gather ideas of developments in many different departmei of human thought and in many parts of the world that theiy can bring back to share with those of us who cannot go . Twenty two different countr ies will 1 represented and among the themes explored will be : - environmental pol-lution, vegetarian children, ancient Indian wisdom of nutrition, veganic nort icul ture. Simultaneous t ranslat ion into English will operate in a l l the main s e s s i o n s . There will be a wide choice of sports and leisure time ac t iv i t i es and many interest ing v is i t s have been arranged for the ensuing holiday week. Accommodation avai lable varies from family su i tes and hotel rooms to Youth Hoste l and Camping Ground. Great care is being taken to provide vegan meals and a specia l consignment of Plamil being d i spa tched .

The Swedish Vegetarian Society is celebrating i ts sevent ie th anniversar; th is year and bok upon the Congress as an important way of spreading their ' idea ls of "heal th , humanity and f ra te rn i ty . " May many of our countrymen and many of 'our Vegan Society be in Sweden this August to help them.

The Congress fee is 90 Skroner which must be paid in advance (after July 1st th is will be raised to 115 Skroner). Ful ler de ta i l s and booking forms are obtainable from: Brian Gunn-King, Braidjule , Ballycloghan, Nr. Broughshane, Antrim, N. Ireland.

I . V . U . Emblem Competition There i s s t i l l time to enter the competition for an I .V .U . Emblem for use

on notepaper, publications and badges . Final date of entry is May 1st to. Brian Gunn-King (address above) . Selection will be made and prizes (£> U . S . A . 125.00, Sf 75.00 and 50.00) sponsored by the Marquis Francisco de St. Innocent awarded', at the Congress . Send one copy on good quality drawing paper white, in black waterproof ink with the whole design not exceeding 20 millimetres in diameter and including the le t ters I . V . U . in a monogram and a second copy not exceeding 10 cent imetres on similar paper in three colours for poster work. Artist 's name and address and length of time a s full vegetarian on the back .

Would you like to live and serve veganism in Jugoslavia? Members in Dubrovnik, a beaut i ful dis tr ict on edge of the Adriatic, would like help in organising a centre for promoting the vegan c a u s e . Accommodation is ava i l ab le . Please send ful l de ta i l s about yourself and your ideas to the Secretary for forwarding.

11

I

A 1945 BABY

Serena Coles It was e spec ia l ly interest ing for me to read of Ruth Howard 's ex -

perience with her wartime baby and to learn that she was able to overcome the doom prophesied at the an t e -na t a l c l in ic , for I had a similar experience Right a t the end of my pregnancy I discovered that the baby was in the wrong pos i t ion . I pointed the fac t out to the doctor who told me that there would have to be a caesar ian birth and a spec ia l i s t was engaged. My husband was in the navy, and I did not want to alarm my f r iends , so I did not tel l anyone • Looking back I cannot think how Nature could have veiled my mind so completely for, a t twelve midnight of the same day when the birth contract ions began and I should have rung the doctor so that arrangements for the spec ia l i s t to at tend could have been made, I had completely for -gotten about the caesa r ian birth'. I decided I could wait for a few hours be -fore ringing for the ambulance to take me to the nursing home; However. John (whose name means Love) was not a caesar ian al though he did decide to enter the world a s a "Breach" with extended legs and suffering from white a sphyx ia .

For two days I was not allowed to have h i m . He was fed on Nes t l es Milk, and I was told that I would never be able to feed him. Exhausted though I was by the bir th, I determined to try and made a bet with the Sister that I would succeed . Two weeks la ter his weight had r i sen from 61bs 5 o z s . to 61bs 1307.S. with breas t feeding. He continued to make good progress and was not completely weaned until he was nine and a half months o l d .

Unfortunately my experience of vegetar ianism was only two years old and that of veganism only one, but I determined to bring up my son a s a v e g a n . Sieved foods , mainly conservat ively cooked vege tab les app les and pru.n.es were gradually introduced from the age of f ive months The ju ice of soaked ra i s ins was given and rose hips syruo. Radiostol was used for the e s s e n t i a l vitamin D and carrot juice for vitamin A . New foods were added a t intervals until by weaning time he had a varied, well balanced vegan diet Blancmange made of carageen and pure frui t ju ice or blackcurrant puree were given, and sif ted Pitman's nut cream . Wholemeal rusks home baked, and grated nuts were introduced a s he grew older and muesli became a regular dish •

In those days I had not heard of B12 and Plamil, Granogen and Barmene were s t i l l to be produced, but I was a firm bel iever in Carageen Moss and in using a wide variety of fruit and vegetables . Unfortunately ours were not compost grown.

12

I had to sign a form to say that I would not have him vaccinated He did not produce his f i rs t tooth until he was nine months of age , but at ten and a half months he was well away with his walking and climbing A medical off icer of health saw him at two years of age and remarked upon the s turdiness of him and looked incredulous when told that John had been brought up without animal food. He was in the garden most days because f resh air is an e s sen t i a l for a healthy chi ld- Many people commented on his rosy face and happy contented behaviour.

High temperatures were a lways treated by giving pure fruit ju ices only until the temperature had remained normal for twenty-four hours a f te r which a day on uncooked foods fo l lowed. He inherited catarrhal tendencies and bronchial trouble which appeared when he was cutting his t e e t h . These disappeared af ter fast ing and cold compresser on the abdomen (covered with a dry towel) to rel ieve congest ion Until the age of nine years these tendencies con t inued . Every time he went into a new form at school he had an a t t a c k . After that age he appeared to gain more confidence and had no more trouble. This is mentioned in order to accentua te the fact that wrong feeding is not the only cause of i l lness We are what we ea t , drink, think and fee l and I firmly bel ieve that the emotions a f fec t our physical se lves more than any other f a c t o r .

John rema ned a healthy vegan for seventeen years and is s t i l l one when at home but he is sometimes vegetarian when eating o u t . Considering that his father is not a vegetarian, I feel very b l e s t . Our children must learn in their own time and at their own pace, we fai l in our work a s parents if we deny them the experience of learning for themselves .

N.B. Readers at tent ion is drawn to the importance that th is writer -a s previous writers in the ".Vegan" gives to the provision of Vitamin D. This is not present in plants but can be obtained from irradiated vegan margari plantmilks and vegan Vitamin D table ts (Adexolin by Glaxo in liquid form is vegan) a s well a s by exposing the skin - with discret ion to sunl ight . Tablets should not be taken except under expert supervis ion . Vega Vitamin D def ic iency is not a speci f ica l ly vegan haza rd . Dairy products are not a re l iable source . Wartime children on "fortified margarine" were found to fare better in th is r e s p e c t . Chi ldren 's Register

The Vegan Council would be grateful for the names of any children being brought up a s vegans .

13

Our Father, Who art in Heaven., Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come on earth, a s 'it is in Heaven .

Jlinydatn Game

For then, O Father, The bull-ring shall be emDty of anguish, The s laughter-house a thing of the past . Those who talk about thy love Will no longer ea t their fellow c rea tu res . At las t they will have seen Thee Looking at them through pat ient , pleading eyes . 0 Father then thy love will be fel t and known There - where it has always been waiting -In the souls of men • Then, oh then, we shall not take life Thoughtlessly or needless ly , But only with compassion To end suffering, Or to add to the beauty and fulfi lment Of the whole . Until then, O Father, I will remind them. 1 will whisoer the words in the dark. I shall write them there , by the r iver 's edge, In the g r a s s e s , in the rushes ' Where the ot ter-hunt gathers in r id i cu lous c l o t h e s . Oh - I shall write them On the edge of the dinner plates Where the lamb died in the sun And is cut into l i t t le p ieces And covered with mint s auce . I shall write them pla in ly , Unmistakably, repeatedly, Where the grouse is shot out of the blue s k y . By 'sportsmen' Where the tamed pheasant Is frightened into i ts short las t f l ight . Oh - I shal l write them Not only where men kill s trangers Of their own kind, Where the napalm f la res , Or the tanks roll,

14

Or savagery is unleashed from man to man; But where the l i t t le things are hurt And where creatures die without meaning Or purpose . For their kingdom matters to me O Lord , And I shall speak for the vo ice less To the end of my d a y s . And I say th i s , And I say it f ea r l e s s ly and clearly That a s long a s men are capable Of hurting the weak And the de f ence l e s s , They shall not know peace Among their own kind. As they have caused fear So shal l they live in fear Of each other Until they learn to l i s ten To the wind Of the sp i r i t .

from: At The Acacia House Centre (Derek Nevil le . Itteringham Mill

Norwich Norfolk.

REMEMBERING

Dorothy Matthews We are sorry to report the death of Dorothy Matthews at the age of

82. A vegan for thirty years she lived a l ife of act ive service until nearly the end and inspired many by her fa i th and gen t l eness and keen understanding of their n e e d s . As a girl her s tudies had been in te r -rupted by ill heal th but she persevered, took an honours degree in English and with her friend Florence Surfleet organised the Matthew Surfleet School for Speaking and Writing in Hampstead. Many a speaker for progressive causes owe their e f f ec t iveness to her under-standing and ski l ful t each ing . She was a member of the Society of Friends, worked for the abolit ion of the death penalty and for the New Education Fel lowship. Several of her books of poetry have been published and only l as t year she wrote -Life i s tender and joyous , Thrills the movement. Full of vi tal i ty and del ight , The achieving the unders tanding, Of wonders and myster ies , The coming through the dark tunnel Full of striving and. sorrow. Into joy and complet ion. Yet even through the striving and sorrow

THE HONEY QUESTION

Readers let ters summarised by the Secretary Sixteen let ters were received on the question of the use of honey

by members of the Vegan Society. Three were strongly against any alteration in the regulat ions, three writers fel t strongly that the eating of honey should not be a ban to ful l membership. The rest took up positions along the line between the two extremes.

To quote from the case aga ins t : -"To be c lassed a s vegan, foods should be -1. From vegetable or mineral kingdom only without elaboration, d iges t -ion or adulteration by any fellow creatures from the animal (including the insect) world. 2 . Be nutritious and wholesome and not toxic or stimulating or other-wise harmful to the body. 3. Not involve even the exploitation - or stealing from or trading with the creatures , let a lone, killing them however incidentally to the task of obtaining what we want from them.

Honey fa i l s on all of t h e s e . " BUT counting men (the most ruthless ly exploited animals of all) and

t h e myriads of s o i l c r e a t u r e s , n o food p a s s e s t h e f i r s t t e s t ; there i s no agreement about the second and the third ra i ses the whole question of man's relat ionship with animals . Is there to be no room for co -operation and mutual serv ice? Are not al l forms of life interdependent?

To quote from the case for -"Healthwise there is no convincing argument agains t honey" "We need plenty of bees to pollinate f lowers" "The more extreme the regulations the smaller the movement

and the madder it seems to the outside world ." All letters were quite clear that honey should not be used if it were

taken from hives where bees were mutilated or roughly treated or fed on white sugar in lieu of honey taken . This would cut out most, if not a l l commercially produced honey. Some writers would be glad to hear of producers t h a t could give completely reliable guaran tees . These would need to be checked by dis interes ted observers . Few could be in the position of one member who wrote 16

"My friend and neighbour has six hives and during the season we can go with an empty tin and stand among hundreds of bees while she lets a comb drip into our container . No one gets s tung. The bees seem happy to share with u s . "

Another writer expresses her fai th in the possibil i ty of communi-cation and co-operation between man and the insect world. Perhaps the writer who wrote of the beekeeper whose "leather gauntlets were riddled with bee s t ings DESPITE his having thoroughly smoked the hive" should have written "BECAUSE he behaved a s an enemy to the b e e s . "

Some let ters revealed that their writers were s t i l l labouring under m i s - c o n c e p t i o n s a s t o t h e b e e s anatomy, phys io logy^mot ivat ion a n d honey producing capac i t i e s . Perhaps they will read carefully Donald Scot t ' s art icle which fol lowsjthe art icle in the Autumn 1972 i s sue and the relevant chapter in Marie Dreyfus ' "Crimes Against Creat ion" . It is usually ignorance that leads to in tolerance.

Some correspondents fel t that some adjustments should be made in membership regulations so that those "who have more enthusiasm for our cause than many full members should not have that enthusiasm damped."

Others would remind them that honey is not an e s sen t i a l food. "We can get along way on fruit and nuts , " and can explore "the del ights of maple syrup" or grow the "perennial herb Sweet Cicely if we have a sweet vegan tooth" . But what a waste to let surplus f'ood go uneaten in a hungry world.

To sum up: - There i s clearly no case for a "Yes or No" vote on this i s sue , but the exercise will have been worthwhile if it has made members better informed, more understanding and less tempted to make sweeping genera l iza t ions . N.B. The Editorial Board regrets tha t , in error, honey appeared a s an ingredient in Festive Recipes in the las t i s s u e .

SHOULD VEGANS EAT HONEY (a beekeeper ' s point of view) by Donald Scott

The Case Against People who are "kept by bees" (as opposed to those that keep

bees) must be numbered with the others of our race who exploit for se l f i sh ends .

Some back-garden apiar is t s must.be included in this category. Because they are motivated by greed and have involved the bees in a commercial enterprise there i s no room for 'sentiment ' (as welfare and concern for sentient life is contemptuously descr ibed) . An ins tance of the sort of situation that vegans could not countenance would be du-ring the inspection of a colony when the hive i s opened up part

17

by part by someone in a hurry and indifferent to bees being crushed in the p rocess , and probably saying: "There are plenty more where they came f rom". Because of the fears of being stung colonies are sometimes subjected to very rough t reatment . Queens in some apiar ies have a wing clipped to prevent flying and swarms leaving the h ive . This mutilation although pa in less does cause frustrat ion and seems at bes t d i s t a s t e f u l . An unskil led person making his own h ives , or someone using old hives where the wood i s warped and worn often has what is l i teral ly bee-crushing equipment .

Although not a l l , these are some of the worst o f fences to bees in Britain. No doubt there are more wicked things done to bees because the human mind knows no dep ths . But the evil pract ices sometimes recorded by the vegan press (such a s blinding the queen) must be so rare a s to be discounted a s part of beekeeping and honey production. Indeed, un less such s ta tements can be subs tans ia ted they bring only scorn on the vegan movement, and when ' rea l ' f ac t s are presented these are a l s o treated with scept ic ism and d i sbe l i e f .

In sunnier cl imates where nectar is readily avai lable b e e s , like a l l other forms of l ife in such p laces , are more eas i ly reproduced. This leads to ca l lous treatment such a s that pract ised in parts of the USA where bees are used to pollinate fruit t r e e s . The bees are placed in small h ives in the orchards and having served their purpose, because they are so cheaply replaced are left to be destroyed when the t rees are sprayed with insec t ic ide (current development in mechanical - f ru i t -pol l ina t ion may lead to bees being unnecessary for th is purpose. ) In Canada at the end of the clover s ea son , previous to taking the honey, the bees are killed because it is cheaper to fly new colonies up from California in the spring than to over-winter the b e e s . Where such an at t i tude prevai l s , even when bees are not destroyed in to ta l , one can readily imagine the indifference to bee l i fe when the honey i s t aken .

Commercial honey production in any part of the world must a lways be suspec t un less completely rel iable guarantees of humane t rea t -ment of the bees can be ob ta ined . The Case For.

People who "keep bees" (as opposed to those who are "kept by bees" ) have a tender regard for each individual insec t and - without exaggeration - they can be regarded a s protectors and benefactors of b e e s .

For example, when Mother Nature with cruel indifference drives the bee-colony to increase i t s numbers to bursting point a swarm i s born and a new colony beg in s . If the mortality among wild bees was not excess ive ly high the land would soon be plagued by them. Beekeepers control th is swarming impulse thus avoiding mass dea th , and when swarming does occur they house and feed the new colony which would otherwise linger and die - espec ia l ly in a 18

GARDENERS! Since its introduction three years ago our V. G. (Veganic) compost fertilizer has become widely established amongst animal lovers and

vegetarians It is a 1 0 0 % organic compost and is guaranteed to contain no animal ingredient whatever. It is of the same high quality as our other products and is backed by our 4 5 years' experience of manufacturing and supplying organic composts t o commercial growers, nurserymen and gardeners. It can be delivered to your door for £2-25 per cwt., but costs less for

larger quantities and much less for much larger. For full details and sample write to

POWLING8, IPPLEPEN, NEWTON ABBOT, DEVON

NEW FROM ITONA!

i TO IMA TVP* CHUNKS

• TEXTURED VEGETABLE PROTEIN HAM FLAVOUR

A Complete Vegan Protein Replacement Food

MADE AVAILABLE IN ALL HEALTH FOOD STORES 34p per 8 oz. PACKET BY:

ITONA PRODUCT8 Ltd., LEYLAND MILL LANE, WIGAN LANCS

Sa/iMtJUJ J72*

To the b e s t of o u r k n o w l e d g e we a r e t he only-p r o d u c e r s of P U R E A P P L E J U I C E in the C o u n t r y m a d e f r o m O R G A N I C A L L Y GROWN U N S P R A Y E D A P P L E S with NO A D D E D C H E M I C A L S o r P R E S E R V A T I V E S . We c r u s h a s we p i c k - no co ld s t o r a g e - no l o s s of f l a v o u r . And we supp ly n e a r l y 300 s h o p s a l l o v e r the UK (35 in London a l o n e ) . We can supp ly y o u r H e a l t h Shop - a s k t h e m . Or y o u d i r e c t by B r i t i s h R o a d S e r v i c e s . E n q u i r i e s t o : -T H E C Y D E R HOUSE, A s p a l l H a l l , S t o w m a r k e t , Su f fo lk

CflE Olbas... THE PURE PLANT REMEDY f

'A BOON TO SUFFERERS' Olbas Is a unique blend of potent plant oils (called "essential" U S E R S O F O L B A S oils). It Is effective in so many different ways. When Inhaled its Influence on the respiratory tract quickly shows 'h!nk Olbas Oil is a marvellous itself by clearing catarrhal and bronchial congestion, freeing the help in cases of catarrh and chest nasal and bronchial passages and clearing the head. complaints. Applied to the skin it penetrates deeply giving a comfortable feel- 'Olbas Oil dots all you claim for it. I Ing of warmth which helps to soothe away the miserable pains of would not be without it', rheumatic conditions, neuralgia, pleurisy and bronchitis. 'I think Olbas Oil is the best value Used as a gargle Olbas Oil is a great boon to sufferers from sore for money product I have tried', throat, loss of voice and laryngitis. 2 or 3 drops.on a spoonful of •/ feci olbas Oil is second to none honey will relieve troublesome coughs. for catarrh and throat trouble'. In so many ways, Olbas Oi l -the Potent Plant Remedy-can be a .O l b o s 0 i l h a s ^ a n a l b o o n ,0 boon to sufferers from so many things. Available at your health me and my family'. food store price 68p for a 28ml. phial. Trial size 30p. ^. Olbas Oil was originated in Switzerland by Po-Ho-Co. S.A., Basle and is manufactured and distributed in Gieat Britain by G. R. LANE HEALTH P R O D U C T S LTD., GLOUCESTER

UNSOLICITED EVIDENCE FROM USERS OF OLBAS

'I think Olbas Oil is a marvellous help in cases of catarrh and chest complaints'.

'Olbas Oil does all you claim for it. I would n o t be without i t ' . 'I think Olbas Oil is the best value for money product I have tried'.

'I feel Olbas Oil is second t o none for catarrh and throat trouble'.

'Olbas Oil has been a real boon to m e and my family'.

typical English summer. At these t imes feeding with sugar syrup is the only known way of keeping bees a l ive . The hojrror a s soc i a t ed with "sugar feeding" is f i r s t ly , on principle, when too much of the gathered honey has been taken from the hive , and secondly because sugar can be converted by the bees into a honey-subs t i tu te and sold a s pure honey.

This same "Life Force" which brings about swarming impels the worker to gather nectar and store honey long, long af ter they have enough for their needs . The beekeeper defends this hard won store aga ins t their natural enemies , such a s mice and w a s p s . Do not imagine that any surfeit would necessar i ly see the bees through a lean summer if the beekeeper did not take i t . Problems other than starvation often face a bee colony. A hive of 50,000 bees might (and of ten does) lose i t ' s queen in the Autumn and although pos se s s ing a s much a s 1 cwt of honey the bees , not having the will to l ive , would gradually die if the kindly beekeeper did not render aid in the form of a new queen .

A healthy colony heeds about 401bs of honey for food during the winter and spr ing . Quanti t ies of a hundredweight of honey in a hive are by no means uncommon. So the e x c e s s , in al l s incer i ty , can be considered a s w a s t e . This subs tance has been col lected from plants which freely gave i t , processed by the bees during their normal l ives without being subjected to exploi ta t ion, frustrat ion or harm, and has become surplus to their own requirements . When this "extra" honey is careful ly taken away with skil l at the correct t ime, the bees are not even aware of what i s happening. Surely a tree fee l s more when an apple is plucked from it than the bees fee l when some of their unwanted wealth is taken by the beekeeper?

It is diff icul t to imagine a more innocent pastime than keeping a hive or two of bee s , being both materially and spir i tual ly rewarding. The c lose af f in i ty with living insec t bodies , a s soc ia t ed with sun -shine and plant l ife and the four s e a s o n s , g ives the "keeper of b e e s " an. inexplicable sense of all creation and the Inf ini te .

Unfortunately such beekeepers produce only about a half per cent of the honey requirements of this country and they probably eat the product themselves or give it away . Conclusion

There are no sc ien t i f ic grounds for supposing that honey is anything other than a subs tance of plant or igin. The addition of enzymes by the bees can be likened to the manufacturing process of any vegan food . The near magical properties frequently attributed to it are sheer rubbish the resu l t s of pagan imagination and modern salesmanship- ' . Likewise some sect ions of the vegan movement condemn honey in a hys te r ia l way such a s claiming that the queen in jec t s poison into each ce l l before

19

the honey is sealed over . There is no evidence or indicat ion that th is happens and cr i t ics of the vegan -way-o f - l i f e knowing such s ta tements to be f a l se probably disregard much other vegan evidence although it may well be t rue . Unless a person has a thorough knowledge of a subjec t the f a c t s should be checked , and r e - checked , before being written or spoken about .

There seems l i t t le doubt tha t , in moderation, honey is a wholesome food, outstanding in a world dominated by the a r t i f i c ia l , the s u b -s t i tu te and the highly f lavoured. Yet vegans have to ask themse lves , even if honey is humanely obtained, and they are convinced that i t i s a plant subs tance , "Miat are the implicat ions of eating i t ? " The most dangerous would seem to be that non-vegans would see such act ion a s a stamp of approval on a hard and unsympathetic bus iness where bee welfare is of no accoun t .

Perhaps the eating of honey (when it is got without harm to bees) should not be a bar to full membership of the Vegan Society . But should vegans set an example by eating only 'humanely produced honey' they must remember that the cold economic f ac t s of th is world make it impossible to forsee a time when honey will be produced , by s tandards they approve of , in a suff ic ient quantity to meet the demand, while giving a fair return to the beekeeper for his labour .

OUR VEGAN DOGS We have two dogs , Wilfred, a Scottie about seven years old (we

were told that he was two when we took him in because he was going to be destroyed) and Boo-Boo, a Col l ie /Spanie l mongrel b i t ch . She is 4-f years old and we had her a s a puppy from a nearby animal sanc tuary . Wilfred is grumpy and Boo-Boo is gen t l e . They are nearly inseparab le .

We were not even vegetar ians when we got them, so they started their l ife with us on ordinary doggie food. They progressed to being vegetarian then, 2f years ago, to vegan along with u s . Their diet cons i s t s of Granose nutmeat, Protoveg flavoured with Barmene, r i s s o l e s , raw and cooked vegetables of all k inds , a s we have , and b i scu i t s made at home from wholewhat f lour, soya flour, sometimes Muesli base and Froment and flavoured with Barmene. These ingredients are mixed into a dough, formed into ba l l s , and baked hard.

They took to their diet readily and we did not experience any d i f f i -culty with the changeover . We weaned them off f l e sh foods gradually onto eggs and cheese , and then protoveg and vegan foods . We don ' t know what we would have done if they had not taken to their new d ie t . We were concerned about them getting their correct nourishment and yet could not jus t i fy having an animal killed to feed them. They st i l l pick up a bone if they find one, but once when they were given meat without our knowledge they vomited soon a f te rwards . Both dogs a lways seem healthy and are ful l of energy. B a r r y & L l n d a E m p t a g e .

20

EARTH WORMS

Based on a paper by Frank Wokes Cyril Vesey and Mary Ranwe.ll read at V.N.R.C ' s A . G . M . at

Tyringham Clinic on Tune 11th 1972 The cycle of life on-this planet i s based on photosynthesis in olants

They absorb by means of their green pigment the energy of sunlight and store It in a form in which we can use it for food either directly or in-directly af ter it has been converted into meat and milk. Long before mar began to grow crops for food there was a natural food cycle involving plants and animals Only by studying this cycle carefully can we learn how best to 'use modern agricultural methods.

Humus a vital part of the living soil on which our crops depend is built up almost entirely from plants . Yet in it a vital part i s played by animals and micro organisms particularly in the form of earthworms and bac te r ia . Darwin's c lass ica l book on the role of earthworms in different countries and climates shows their world wide s ign i f icance . He showed that earthworms helo to form humus from plant material . This p a s s e s through their in tes t ines in which small s tones grind it down to a f ine powder releasing the minerals which can be extracted by the plant roots . Intes t inal secret ions bind this powder producing a soil texture which pre-vents the minerals from being leached out too rapidly.

Some modern agricultural methods interferewith the natural process . The excess ive use of some inorganic fer t i l i sers can retard or even stop the production of humus by the earthworm This precious material on which the living soil depends takes about five years per inch layer to build uo and this capital fertili ty may be gradually lost without our being aware of it until l i t t le or none is l e f t . Edwards & Lofty (1172) summarise a great deal of recent work on earth worms and soil fer t i l i ty .

The increasingly common and short sighted practice of burning fibrous plant res idues robs the soil and the earthworm of this material and hence lowers the humus content of the soil • B12 in the Soil Lester Smith fel t (1966/67) that vegans could probably manage without foods supplemented with B12 if they were not fas t id iously hygienic'.' Primitive people may have got their requirements from their unwashed naturally grown vege tab les . Now, however, we need to obtain our supply of B12 not_on but in our food. Those living only on un-fortified Dlant foods are asking if plants could not be made to take uo B12 from the soil through being grown in compost rich in the vitamin.

21

Dr Jack Hannay in the Botany Department of Imperial' College, London has been collaborating with us and other col leagues for some years t ry-ing to solve this problem. Cabbages grown in water cul tures have been shown to contain enough B12 to meet more than the daily re -quirement- Parallel with these inves t igat ions , Pfau and Kall is trates (1961) have shown that C60-B12 can be taken uo by Vicia Faba (broad bean) roots from water and sand culture- The next steD i s to find whether cabbages and other vegetables can pick up suf f ic ien t B12 from compos t . This is where the earthworms come into the p ic ture . Vitamin B12 does not usual ly occur in Dlant res idues but earthworms c a s t s are rich in i t . It i s probably produced by the action of certain bacteria in the earthworms i n t e s t i n e s .

Animal excreta from both herbivores and carnivores contain high concentrat ions of vitamin B12- This i s mixed with larger amounts of B12 analogues which do not p o s s e s s the charac ter i s t ics physiological act ivi ty for mammals of the true vitamin B12 .

A few soil micro organisms and inver tebrates a l so produce certain amounts of B12 intermingled with their analogues . However, by far the largest amounts and highest concentrat ions of B12 occur in ear thworms.

The findings of Pfau and Kal l i s t ra tos , taken in conjunction with our own and Dr Hannay 's provide evidence that, a t l eas t under certain condit ions, vitamin B12 can be taken up by p lan t s . Why then i s there so much diff icul ty in finding any s ignif icant amount of the vitamin in s taple plant foods? Work on compost and earthworms may provide an answer . Careful research is needed in this matter which is closely bound up with the role of plant foods In the solution of the world food problem .

Local Groups & Contacts Mr. R.Butterworth , Ches . WEST GERM . HOLLAND

A new vegetarian and vegan group has been launched in Cornwall , by Christopher Shilling well supported by vegans and vegetarians from as far af ie ld a s Sa l tash . Thirty at tended the f i r s t meeting in January, a com-mittee was formed and it was agreed to have monthly meetings in d i f -ferent parts of Cornwall . Christopher Shilling wou

uld like to a t t end . His address is Truro, Cornwall .

22

LIFE SUPPORT GARDENING

by , Es sex .

Today there are hundreds of young people talking of "Life Support Gardening" when far too many.gardens support only motor mowers. Every garden can make a welcome contribution towards supporting a family with an inflation proof food supply, grown without pes t i c ides , chemical fer t i l i sers or animal manures added by the gardener . It i s not poss ible (except in a hydroponic tank) to garden without the dead bodies and the excreta of al l the living creatures which the soi l supports from birds and worms to bee t les and bac te r i a .

There never has been a veganic race in Britain in the pas t , because our wild roots , mushrooms, berries frui ts and foliage to not supply year round protein, so prehistory and history supplemented i t s diet by f i sh ing hunting and stock ra i s ing . We, with the legumes and nuts of the world to choose from, can have a healthy veganic d ie t , but we depend very much on soya beans and l en t i l s . To grow our own food in our own gardens , we need legumes that suit our c l imate , are storable through the winter and provide the necessary balance of amino-ac ids for a healthy d i e t . Soya beans are good, but many hungrier people need them more tha n we do.

The Henry Doubleday Research Associat ion, is a regis tered charity of the kind that g ives away knowledge, not money of which it has little^composed of some 2,900 amateur gardeners and others concerned with gardening and farming without chemica ls , and with research to improve these methods. It i s a l s o concerned with research on pollution where this concerns the land, and with food quali ty and malnutri t ion. In 1973 an experiment in Life Support Gardening begins in i t s Trial Ground at Bocking, Braintree, E s s e x .

The f i rs t s tep is the amino-acid determination of a number of peas and beans that will grow well in Britain and harvest dry, with higher yields and l e s s weather sensi t iv i ty than the white seeded runners that can be dried a s butter beans , and the two hardy ha r ico t s . Perhaps a hundred Members will receive se t s of these nine potential protein builders for British gardeners to find out y ie lds , and how to grow on a garden sca le what is already thriving on fa rms .

IMPORTANT It i s much simpler and to our f inancial advantage it a i l money from abroad is sent in the form of INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDERS.

23

Putting a greater area under peas and beans not only grows needed protein for vegans but suppl ies ample nitrogen for veganic gardening a s well a s compost material for seaweed act ivated heaps Other work on clubroot control by the H .D .R .A . may well improve winter crop product ion.

The H .D .R .A . needs the help of vegans and vegetar iaiswith this work but their major need is for a determined couple of vegans willing to l ive in a caravan and time themselves on the l ife support garden.. Though the crop would not be ready t i l l la te summer, seed will be bought so that the tas te and cooking qual i t ies can be t e s t e d . The couple would learn veganic gardening, though sewage sludge and animal manures are used on the Trial Ground in other a reas for different experiments .

No salary is offered, but there would be no expenses , and the propaganda value would be immense. The resu l t s would a l s o be of value to vegans from poverty rather than choice;-card board i s ent irely vegetable , but it i s not a good diet for the e lde rV, who need the knowledge which th is experiment could win .

TYRINGHAM NATUROPATHIC CLINIC A vegetarian friend and myself are from next March going to rent the

kitchen garden and orchard at Tyringham Cl inic , and convert them into a commercial market garden cum nursery. We wil l 'be growing organically and without u s i n g manure from exp lo i t ed animals and f e r t i l i s e r s produced from slaughterhouse w a s t e s . We may not however be s t r ic t ly veganic a s we may use human was te s e spec ia l ly a s the c l in ic has i t s own sept ic tank e t c .

We are anxious to supply the produce to people who will appreciate i t , so if anyone living within a reasonable d is tance of Newport Pagnell would care to write to me, we will try and arrange something.

Robert Colby, Hadlow College of Agriculture, Nr. Tonbridge, Kent.

ARTICHOKES T.W. Cox who has a market garden offers art ichoke tubers for

planting - 1 Op lb . He recommends them as a nutrit ious winter vege-table that should be grown near compost heaps a s they at tract ea r th -worms. He a l so recommends the perennial Good King H e n r y a s an al ternat ive to sp inach .

T h e A s h r a m , R e d m o o r , B o d m i n , C o r n w a l l . 24

Shopping with Eva

A new super all vegan cookery book by Eva Batt. Published March 25th at £1 .25 .

We greatly appreciate the odd items of commodities news sent in by members from time to time, and now that Linda Emptage, our Journal Secretary, has kindly undertaken the research on the household and cosmetics side we hope to be able to considerably increase the infor-mation available to members. Hydrogenated Vegetable Fats

M e s s r s . Maple ton 's , in answer to another keen commodities member, have been very helpful in replying to questions about margarines and nut butters e t c .

We quote the relevant parts of their let ters: Margarine:

"It is true to say that al l margarine contains some hydrogenated oi l , although one cannot be speci f ic about inclusion quant i t i es . The recognised new type, so-cal led ' sof t ' margarines do, in general , contain less hard oil than the older 'block' t y p e . "

(Unfortunately none of these , so far , are Vegan. E.B.) "Nutter and Suenut do not contain any hydro-genated oil whatsoever

and both are made of 100% vegetable f a t s . " " . . . SOYANUTTA . . . i s manufactured solely from natural products

incorporating unhydrogenated vegetable oi l , which has merely been refined and deodor ised ."

Cashew Cream "This is entirely composed of the milled cashew nuts , no

additions are made whatever ." Almond Cream

"This is made in a similar manner but we add a trace of pure almond oil for additional f lavour. "

Tudor Food Products confirm that the following Smith's Crisps are s t i l l Vegan: Ready Salted, Salt & Vinegar, Pickled Onion, Tomato Sauce, and Cheese^N ' Onion.

Nazer 's Ltd. Make various curr ies , p ickles , s auces , p'oppadums e t c . and they

assure us that all are Vegan with the exception of Dhanchak sauce (which contains milk). However we noticed that prawn balichow is not excluded from their l i s t s of supposedly Vegan Foods presumably an oversight .

25

Food Supplements . ^12 We have recent ly received a number of le t ters asking for the name of

a Vegan B12 t a b l e t . We have checked with M e s s r s . Lane 's Health Products who assure us that their Vegevit B12, Sea Green, Wild Ocean Kelp and Dry E (Vit E) tab le t s al l remain Vegan. Vitamin D

Adexolin Liquid, a Glaxo product, is not derived from any animal source . However, in capsule form it would not be acceptab le to Vegans or "Vegetarians a s animal gela t ine is u sed . Remedies and Cosmetics Oil of Ulay does not contain any animal f a t s , Lanolin or Hormones and

i s , say the makers Garsa l le , quite sui table for Vegans. Potter 's Skin Clear is a l s o Vegan. Harmony Hair Spray by Elida "contains no animal matter wha tever ' .

However some of the shampoos - they do not speci fy -contain lanolin and an ima l -ba sed col lagens and are not Vegetarian.

M e s s r s . Shadier confirm that their products 'Peel of Orange' and 'Eucaliptol ' shampoos, Herbal Rosemary Foam Bath and Dannex Dandruff Treatment are a l l Vegan.

Liquafruta, by Sani tas , is a herbal product and entirely Vegan. Household Products Beaucaire dry cleaning fluid by Eucryl is Vegan 1001 Carpet Shampoo by Cussons is Vegan Answers to Enquiries 'Wais t l ine ' Salad Dressing (Crosse and Blackwell) is not Vegan - it contains an animal-based Emulsifier . Familia Bio-Birchermuesli and Baby Food both contain Honey. M e s s r s . Itona would like to reassure our readers who have made enquir ies recent ly about their Ham Chunks flavour textured vegetable protein. Ham Chunks are entirely Vegan but unfortunately other Itona f lavours do not conform to our s t andards . So fa r , Itona have not made an unflavoured variety, but may do so in the fu ture .

An addition to the vegan table i s being introduced by Plantmilk Ltd. in the form of a "PLAMIL SALAD DRESSING" which, in keeping with i t s mandate is - like i ts other l ines - completely vegan. Composed of plantmilk, sunflower o i l , cider vinegar , herbs e t c . it i s a l so food reform.

Ever since the Company was formed, it has tried to produce a cheese subst i tu te and has carried out considerable research in this f i e ld . Plantmilk Ltd. now plans to introduce a "cheese" spread (based on soya) on the market short ly . It could well be on your table during the Spring.

Yes the NEM hand mincers for nuts , bread, vege tab les , e t c . are s t i l l avai lable - the prices being £1.50 and £ 1 . 9 0 .

They are sold through Health Food Stores and if not obtainable in your d is t r ic t write to the distr ibutors:

Premier Services (London) Ltd . , 11, Central Hill ,

London, S .E . 19. 1BG. 26

Footwear The spring 1973 range of Dunlop Casuala i res and Lazabouts are

entirely f ree of any leather or suede in any par t . The Ca sua la ire range includes six good, comfortable s ty les of ladies walking shoes with Vinyl uppers, s i zes 3 - 8 and the Lazabouts, of which there are s ixteen models, include shoes for juveni les (10 - 2), women (3-8), boys (2-5) and men (6-11). All can be recommended with conf idence . Marbot Shoes by Bata Marbot for Men Four lace up models and two s l ip on, in the modern

'Chunky' s t y l e s . Sizes 6-11 in Vinyl. Marbot Essex for Boys with Poromeric uppers . Three s ty les .

Sizes 11-55.- As they have leather counterparts we include the part numbers of the Vegan ones: 11-4114, 11-6114, lace up 31-4117, 31-6117 e las t ica ted monk style 31-4116 and 31-6116 s l ip on .

Marbot Chevalier for Boys Three models with Porvalr Poromeric uppers (s izes and £ s i ze s 11-5) 11-4103, 11-6103 and 11-5103 Lace up.

John White Shoes for Men with Porvair uppers in the 'New Town' range . (Class ic Styles) .

5910 2-hole t ie shoe in Black Porvair (in Burgundy 591 IS) 5912 e las t ica ted s l ip-on in Black Porvair. 5914S similar to above with ins tep trim in Black Porvair (in Brown 5915S) 5916 3-hole tie with apron front in Black Porvair (in Burgundy 5917) 5913 e las t ica ted s l ip-on in nut brown grain Porvair. All in s i zes and j s i zes 6 - 1 1 .

(Non-leather linings on all the above recently introduced). John White 'Gibson' Range

Two l ace -up s ty les with the current 'heavier ' look 4708 semi brogue in Black Zylee and 4709 with fashion toecap in Burgundy Zylee 4706 Fancy Apron front in Black Zylee (in Burgundy 4707) Sizes and £ s i zes 6 - 1 1 .

The John White range of Men 's Slippers includes four very good s ty l e s with simulated leather uppers in various colours . Sizes 6 - 1 1 . Look for No's 8107 or '8 , 8114, 8109 (a jolly red), and 8112 or "3 . For Ladies From the same make there are seven gaily coloured Sandals of various types in s i ze s 3 - 8 . Look for 0031, ' 2 ' 3 ' 4 ' 5 ' 6 and 0023. John White Shoes for Boys Junior League Range. These six s ty les havt uppers of Porvair and, as with al l the others l is ted here, contain no leather in any part . Part No's to ask for are: 5550 ' 1 . ' 2 , ' 3 ,'4 , or 5556 . Sizes and £ s i ze s 11-5-j.

27

C L A S S I F I E D A D V E R T I S E M E N T S ( l p p e r w o r d - m i n . 2 5 p ) F O R U P - T O - D A T E LIST of V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t H o u s e s and R e s t a u r a n t s p l e a s e s end s t a m p to S e c r e t a r y of V e g e t a r i a n C a t e r i n g A s s o c i a t i o n -K a t h l e e n K e l e n y , C o o m b e L o d g e , W o o t o n - u n d e r -E d g e , G los . DUBROVNIK - YUGOSLAVIA. New Vegan o f f e r s a c c o m m o d a t i o n in old c o t t a g e . Self c o n t a i n e d p a v -i l i on ( f u r n i s h e d ) a l s o a v a i l a b l e . 100-200 D i n a r s d a i l y . G u e s t w i l l i ng to h e l p wi th c h o r e s r e d u c e d r a t e s . Box 101, V e g a n , B e l c h a l w e l l , BJ .andford, D o r s e t . YOUTH S E C T I O N - V E G E T A R I A N S O C I E T Y . An o r g a n i s a t i o n f o r p e o p l e 12 -29 . F u t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m Youth Sec t i on S e c r e t a r y , c / o The V e g e t a r i a n S o c i e t y (UK) L td . , 5 3 , M a r l o e s Rd. . L o n d o n , W. 8. YOUNG VEGAN LADY r e q u i r e d wi th e x p e r i e n c e i n ' p r e p a r i n g v e g a n food , f o r C o m p a n y D i r e c t o r on the I s l e of Whi te . Rep ly s t a t i n g a g e and q u a l i f i c a t -ions to Box 103. Vegan , S h o a r n ' s , B e l c h a l w e l l , B l a n d f o r d , D o r s e t . " H O N K Y " the m o v i n g b e s t s e l l i n g s t o r y of a g r e y , l a g g a n d e r . 53p i n c l u d i n g p o s t a g e . I l l u s t r a t e d by Gwendolyn H a r t . O b t a i n a b l e f r o m : D e r e k N e v i l l e , I t ter ingham Mi l l , No rw ich , N o r f o l k 17Y.

W A N T E D C o p i e s of " T h e Unend ing Q u e s t " and of " T h e Yoga of H e a l t h Youth an i r P a u l D u k e s . A . J . P e t t i t t , B r o m l e y , K e n t . BR1 3ER. M A R R I E D C O U P L E (deaf) in t h e i r s i x t i e s would l i k e to h e a r f r o m m a t u r e l a d i e s who would l i k e to e m i g r a t e to A u s t r a l i a , but n o w h e r e to l o d g e . (Non-s m o k i n g , t e e t o t a l e r s and n o n - g a m b l e r s ) . S. A . E f o r d e t a i l s . Box 104. V e g a n , S h o a r n ' s , B e l c h a l -w e l l , B l a n d f o r d , D o r s e t . C T THIS VEGAN: S h i m o n Dagan , S B e e r Sheva , 84843 I s r a e l . BACK C O P I E S O F " T H E V E G A N " a v a i l a b l e on l o a n to m e m b e r s - lOp e a c h p l u s p o s t a g e . I n i t i a l l y s e n d £ 1 . 0 0 d e p o s i t . Wnen yoi j do not w i sh to b o r r o w a n y m o r e the d e p o s i t will be r e t u r n e d . App ly L i t . S e c r e t a r y . A d d r e s s page 1. S T A M P S . Anyone i n t e r e s t e d in r e a l i s i n g m o n e y f o r S o c i e t y f u n d s f r o m f o r e i g n s t a m p s p l e a s e c o n t a c t The S e c r e t a r y , A d d r e s s page 1.

Hotels and Guest Houses C O R N W A L L - " W O O D C O T E " . The S a l t i n g s , L e l a n t , St . I v e s , o v e r l o o k i n g H a y l e E s t u a r y . C . H . & H&C in a l l r o o m s . We t a k e p l e a s u r e in c a t e r i n g f o r V e g a n s . M r . J o h n & M i s s H a z e l B l a c k a l l e r . T e l . H a y l e 3147. C A E R N A R V O N S H I R E - L L A N D U D N O . K i l d a r e G u e s t H o u s e , Conway R o a d . E n j o y a t o n i c h o l i d a y with wel l b a l a n c e d V e g e t -a r i a n and Vegan C a t e r i n g , and b r i g h t and c o m f o r t a b l e A c c o m o d a t i o n - C o l o u r T. V. L o u n g e , H&C and E l e c t r i c F i r e s a l l b e d r o o m s . C a r S p a c e . B r o c h u r e f r o m M r . & M r s . W . H . U s h e r ( w h o a r e k e e n F o o d R e f o r m V e g e t a r i a n s ) T e l . 049277938 DEVON - I L F R A C O M B E . F a i rwynds V e g e t a r i a n Guest H o u s e o f f e r s H e a l t h f u l h o l i d a y s wi th n a t u r a l whole f o o d s , C o m p o s t g r o w n p r o d u c e , h o m e bak ing . V e g a n s w e l c o m e . E l i z a b e t h B u r t o n . V. C. A. M e m b e r . T e l . 2085. D O R S E T - W E Y M O U T H . V e g e t a r i a n and w e l c o m e d . S. A. E . p l e a s e to : M r s . Cox , , W e y m o u t h . T e l . P r e s t o n 2402 ESSEX - F R I N T O N - O N - S E A . Sandy P o i n t V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t H o u s e . V e g a n s c a t e r e d f o r . F a c i n g sou th and s e a . E a s t e r -O c t o b e r . P e r s o n a l l y s u p e r a n & Aldo V e z z a and t h e i r d a u g h t e r V e r o n i c a . . T e l . 4691 . V , C . A . G L O U C E S T E R - C O O M B E e t a r i a n G u e s t H o u s e tha t c a t e r s f o r V e g a n s . W o o t o n - u n d e r - E d g e , on S o u t h e r n s l o p e s of t he c o t s w o l d H i l l s w h e r e a l l f r u i t and v e g e t a b l e s and s a l a d s a r e H o m e G r o w n . H E R E F O R D S H I R E - R O S S - O N - W Y E , B e e c h w o o d , R y e f i e l d Rd . , V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t H o u s e and F o o d R e f o r m C e n t r e . O p e n a l l y e a r . M u e s l i a n d r a w s a l a d s . H o m e - m a d e b r e a d and c a k e s . S p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n to V e g a n s . - L i l l i a n Young. T e l . R o s s 2504 L A K E D I S T R I C T - O R C H A R D H O U S E . B o r r o w d a l e R o a d , K e s w i c k . S m a l l V e g e t a r i a n G u e s t H o u s e in good c e n t r e f o r w a l k i n g , e t c . . l o v e l y v i e w s f r o m the b a c k . H o m e B a k i n g and s o m e H o m e G r o w n P r o d u c e . M i s s De l i a R y a l l . T e l . K e s w i c k 7 2 8 3 0 M O N M O U T H S H I R E - M E D H O P E . in the b e a u t i f u l L o w e r Wye V a l l e y . Own m a r k e t g a r d e n and f r u i t f a r m p r o v i d e L i v i n g F o o d - a b u n d a n t , v a r i e d , d e l i c i o u s s a l a d s 8t f r u i t , n u t s e t c . No c h e m -

l ica ls - no cook ing e i t h e r , and no t r a f f i c s o u n d s . New A g e Cen t r« f o r v i t a l l i v i n g . D i r e c t o r : H a r o l d Wood (F . C. A. ), " M e d h o p e " , T i n t e r n , Mon. N P 6 7NX. T e l . 0 2 9 - 1 8 - 2 5 3 . ( V . C . M e m . )

[SURREY- C H E R T S E Y . T h a m e s V a l l e y , b e t w e e n H a m p t o n C o u r t k n d W i n d s o r . Bed , B r e a k f a s t o r B. B. and E v e n i n g Mea l f o r i / e g e t a r i a n s and V e g a n s . r o d u c e . H o m e B a k -i n g . H&C. M r s . Young , T e l . 64425.

CRANKS HEALTH I FOODSI

Marshall St London Wl

Our shop offers you the best selection of unadulterated and unrefined vegetarian foods. open Monday to Friday

9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday 9 a.m. to I p.m.

Our restaurant offers you a con-tinuous buffet service of fresh salads, fruit and vegetable juices and vegetarian savouries. open Monday to Friday

10 a.m. to 8.30 p.m.

a •

h la

g> •

a ta la ^ ia o

P 13 o &

la 13

ta • l a ^

(3 [3 13 13 i3

WHOLE

SWEET

WILD

APRICOTS

WILD

APRICOT

KERNELS

FOOD OF THE FAMOUS

HUNZAS OF

KASHMIR

CHEMICAL FREE

RAISINS

FROM

UNSOPHISTICATED

AFGHANISTAN

DULSE -

FROM THE

IRISH S E A -

AN AMAZING

SEA PLANT

T H A T IS ALSO

PALATABLE

HUMZANA FOODS LTD 35, GREAT RUSSELL ST.

LONDON, W.C.1.

ASK FOR MATERIAL FROM

A VEGAN SLANTED

WHOLEFOOD COMPANY'