The Uses of Sulphuric Acid - · PDF filemohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 9 175...

mohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 9

175

CHAPTER 9 MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

SULPHURIC ACID

The Uses of

Sulphuric Acid


176

POLLUTION of

Sulphur DIOXIDE

Formation of Acid Rain

Burning of Sulphur

Burning of Sulphur Dioxide


177

Effect of Acid Rain


178

Industrial Process in the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid

Contact Process

Burn in

the air Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3 ( i )

Stage 3 ( ii )

Dissolves in

concentrated H2SO4

Dilute with water

Catalyst:

Temp. :

Pressure:


179

AMMONIA

The Uses of

ammonia

[ Label the uses of ammonia ]


180

Properties of

ammonia

White fumes

Glass rod dipped into

concentrated HCl acid

Ammonia gas, NH3


181

Industrial Process in the Manufacture of Ammonia

Haber Process

1 part 3 parts

Catalyst chamber

Catalyst :

Temperature :

Pressure :

The unreacted

mixture will flowed

back

[ Write the balance chemical equation ]

Condenser


182

Preparation of Ammonium Fertilisers in the laboratory

Ammonia fertilizers can be prepared by using neutralization reaction between acid and

ammonia solution.

Eg: Preparation of ammonium sulphate salt

Burette

H2SO4 acid solution

Ammonia solution

Acid + Ammonia Ammonium salts H2SO4 + NH3 (NH4)2SO4

(NH4)2SO4 solution

Evaporating dish

(NH4)2SO4 crystal salt

(NH4)2SO4 crystal salt


183

Alloys

Physical

Properties

Of pure metal

Pure metal is soft and not strong.

Atom of pure metal have similar shape and size.

The particles in pure metal are arranged layer by layer and

easily slide along between each other.

Ductile

malleable

[ state the definition of the ductile and draw the particle arrangement ]

[ state the definition of the malleable and draw the particle arrangement ]


184

Aim of making

alloys

alloys

Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements

which is the major component is pure

metals.

Foreign elements either metal or

non-metal is added into pure metal.

The size of foreign elements either

smaller or bigger.

It will disrupt the orderly arrangement of

pure metal. Thus, the properties of pure metals improved.

[ draw the particle arrangement of alloy ]


185

Uses of Alloys & Their Compositions

STEEL

COPPER-NICKEL

BRASS

STAINLESS STEEL

BRONZE

DURALUMIN

PEWTER

[ state the components, properties & uses of alloy ]

Pure metal : 99% Iron Foreign element : 1% Carbon

- Strong - Hard - Withstands corrosion - To make bridge, vehicles, building & train tracks


186

Natural

polymers

Synthetic Polymers

Polymers are long chains of molecules made from combination of monomers by

polymerisation process.

Two types of polymer:

i) Natural polymer

ii) Synthetic polymer

Polymer that occurs naturally made by living organisms.

RUBBER

Polymer

Monomer

CELLULOSE

Polymer

Monomer

STARCH

Polymer

Monomer

PROTEIN

Polymer

Monomer

FAT

Polymer

Monomer

Amino acid

Isoprene


187

Synthetic

polymers

Polymer that are man-made polymer produced from

chemical compound through polymerisation.

Two types of polymerisation:

i) Addition polymerisation

ii) Condensation polymerisation

POLYTHENE

Polymer

Monomer

POLYPROPENE

Polymer

Monomer

PERSPEX

Polymer

Monomer

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)

Polymer

Monomer

NYLON

Polymer

Monomer


188

Glass & ceramics

glass

Main component of glass is silica & silicon dioxide, SiO2.

Main

characteristics


189

Type of Glass

- Transparent

- Low melting point

- Easily shaped

- Easily broken

- Cannot withstand heat & chemical

reaction

SODA-LIME GLASS

Method of Productions

Compositions

Properties

Uses

- Very high melting point

- Not easy to change its shape

- Does not easily expand or shrink

with changes of temperature

- Transparent to ultraviolet ray

FUSED SILICA GLASS


Compositions

Properties

Uses


190

Type of Glass

- Very transparent

- Shiny

- High density

LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS


Compositions

Properties

Uses

- Withstand heat & chemical reaction

- High melting point

- Transparent to light & infrared ray

but not to ultraviolet ray

- Expand & shrink a little when

temperature changes

BOROSILICATE GLASS


Compositions

Properties

Uses


191

ceramics

Made from clay at very high temperature and the main

component is silicate.

Common

properties


192

Uses of

ceramics


193

USES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Composite Materials

Produced from the combination of two or more different

compound such as alloys, metals, glass, ceramic & polymers.

SUPERCONDUCTOR

Compositions

Properties

Uses

REINFORCED CONCRETE

Compositions

Properties

Uses


194


FIBRE OPTICS

Compositions

Properties

Uses

FIBRE GLASS

Compositions

Properties

Uses

“Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success.

If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.”

- Albert Schweitzer -

Read more at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_success.html#bz21QZZiyRAZOLSt.99

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195


CERAMIC GLASS

Compositions

Properties

Uses

PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS

Compositions

Properties

Uses

“ There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.”

- Colin Powell -

The Uses of Sulphuric Acid - · PDF filemohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 9 175...

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