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The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight
and fractured carbonate reservoirs
Author: Riccardo Martin
San Donato Milanese 13-14-15 October 2014
2013-2014 Master in Petroleum Engineering and Operations
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The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
2San Donato Milanese 15-16-17 October 2014
Author
Riccardo Martin
Division eni S.p.A.
Upstream & Technical Services
Dept. GICA/LAIP
Company Tutors
Marco Andrea Salvadeo (GICA)
Antonella Bersani (LAIP)
Maria Teresa Galli (GICA)
University Tutor
Prof. Francesca Verga
Master in Petroleum Engineering 2013-2014
Stage Subject
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List of Content
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� Project Scope
� Geological Setting
� Used Data
� Data Analysis
� Conclusions and Suggestions
The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
Stage Subject
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Project Scope
• In order to exploit mature carbonaticreservoirs, new ways to find smallfractured intervals are needed.
• The Micro Spherical Focused Log (MSFL)has been considered a suitablecandidate for such purpose.
• The goal of this study is to verify theability of the MSFL to detect thoselevels.
• The stage activity mainly relied on logsand fracture analysis of Eni oil-fieldsfrom 3 Italians macro-areas,characterized similar structural settings.
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Mesozoic of North Italy
Apula Platform
Hyblean Plateau
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List of Content
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� Project Scope
� Geological Setting
� Used Data
� Data Analysis
� Conclusions and Suggestions
The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
Stage Subject
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Hyblean Plateau
• The area is part of theforeland basin of theAppenninic-Magrebeidchain, where the GelaNappe is imposed on anautochthonous bodycalled Hyblean Plateau.
• The Hyblean Plateau isconstituted by a LateTriassic/early Jurassiccarbonate platform.
• Sciacca Formation is themain reservoir and theNoto and RabbitoFormations aresecondary targets.
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Mesozoic of North Italy
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• The petroleum system is located into in the Po Plain, inthe foreland of the Southern Alps and the Appennines.
• The reservoir targets are located in the Middle-UpperTriassic part of the Mesozoic succession, a hugefragmented carbonate platform.
• The petroleum system has two reservoirs, the Dolomia diM. S. Giorgio (lower reservoir) and the couple DolomiaPrincipale /Dolomia a Conchodon (upper reservoir).
Mineralizedlevels
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Apula Platform
• The area is part of the Mesozoic ApulaPlatform that was buried by the tectonicunits of the Allochtonous Complex of theMetaponto Nappe.
• A carbonate platform was established on theApula Platform during the Mesozoic andpersisted until the end of the Cretaceous.
• The stratigraphy shows a continuousdeposition of carbonates during all theMesozoic, so the Apula Platform isconsidered a single layer reservoir.
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List of Content
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� Project Scope
� Geological Setting
� Used Data
� Data Analysis
� Conclusions and Suggestions
The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
Stage Subject
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Work Flow
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• Review of technical literature (internal and/or published reports, papers, etc.)regarding main carbonate reservoirs in Italy.
• Selection of wells suitable for the analysis.
• Data import from eni databases to Geolog, a formation evaluation product suitefor petrophysical, geological analysis and well data management.
• Petrophysical analysis based on RCA porosity and permeability data.
• Log data analysis through comparison between MSFL track, P21 values and
RCA data. Comparison with other resistivity logs with higher investigationdepth.
• Final presentation and summary report preparation.
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Used Data
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The amount of data used for this work includes:
• 12 wells coming from 3 Italian macro-areas.
• Total of 47 cores for an overall interval of 978 meters.
• For each well a dataset composed by: Logs, Core Fracture Data, Routine Core Analysis,
Core Photos.
WELL MSFL LLS LLD CALI GR CGR SGR RCA P21
TIN 02 B X X X X X X X X NO
ALE 03 D X X X X X NO NO X NO
ALE 01 X X X X X X X X X
ALE 01 D X X X X NO X X X X
DIBE 01 X X X X NO X X X X
TIN 03 D X X X X NO X X X X
TIN 04 D X X X X NO X X X X
TIN 02 D X X X X X X X X X
TIN 05 D X X X NO X X X X X
TIN 09 X X X X X X X X X
TIN 10 X X X X X X X X X
TIN 12 X X X X X X X X X
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Micro Spherical Focused Log
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• The MSFL is a miniaturized version of theSpherically Focused Log, belonging to the familyof the Laterologs.
• The tool is placed on a pad pushed against thewall of the hole.
• The arrangement of the electrodes forces thecurrent flow to take a spherical shape.
• Shallow investigation depth (about 4”) and highvertical resolution (1”- 6”).
• Main purpose is to investigate the resistivity ofthe flushed zone.
• The difference of resistivity between flushed zoneand massive intervals can help detecting fracturedlevels.
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Fracture Analysis
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• Qualitative and quantitative analysis performed oncores.
• Qualitative description using spreadsheets.
• Quantitative analysis provides fracture orientationand numeric indexes.
• P21 index is the density of fracture expressed ascumulative length for unit of area.
• The P21 used is the cumulative of the open fractures.
RU
BB
LE
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List of Content
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� Project Scope
� Geological Setting
� Used Data
� Data Analysis
� Conclusions and Suggestions
The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
Stage Subject
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Petrophysical analysis: Hyblean Plateau
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• The orange field corresponds to the matrixcontribution.
• The blue zone is typical of a fracture system.
• In the porosity versus permeability plot twodifferent trends can be seen.
TIN 03 D
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Petrophysical analysis: Mesozoic of North Italy
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• The poro/perm plot shows a scattereddistribution of the values.
• The dots arrangement in the Xplot Kvvs. Kh is indicative of a isotropicbehaviour.
• The contribution of the fracturing to thepermeability is indicated in the bluecircle.
TIN 10
TIN 10
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• The matrix trend represents the whole porosity/permeability system.
Petrophysical analysis: Apula Platform
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• Presence of fracture and matrix contribution.
ALE 03 DDIBE 01
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Petrophysical analysis: Apula Platform
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DIBE 01 ALE 03 Dir
DIBE 01 ALE 03 D
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Log Analysis: layout
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TIN 03 D
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Log Analysis
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TIN 03 D
• The other resistivity logs donot register the peaks seenby the MSFL.
• P21 follows the trend ofthe MSFL.
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Log Analysis
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• The Caliper confirms thepresence of more brittleintervals.
• The MSFL trend is confirmedby the permeability values.
• P21 follows the trend ofthe MSFL.
TIN 09
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Log Analysis: Clay Effect
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• There is a mismatchbetween P21 and MSFL inthis well.
• This situation is coincidentwith an increase of theclay content (CGR log).
• The MSFL response isstrongly influenced by theclay water.
TIN 10
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Log Analysis: Use of Core Photos
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• The conditions of the core cause an underestimation of the real density of fracture.
• It is still possible to evaluate the trend of the MSFL using the core photos.
TIN 04 D
• High values of MSFL corresponding to a low fractured core section.
• Dropping values of MSFL corresponding to a rubble interval.
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Log Analysis: Image Log calibration
• Analysis performed usingcore photos and Image log(FMS) in substitution of theP21.
• In this case the recording ofthe FMS is not optimal.
• It is still possible to identifythe presence of porouszones on the MSFL usingthe core photos and theRCA data.
• This method could be a wayto calibrate the FMS andextend the analysis in non-cored intervals
ALE 03 D
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Log Analysis: Use of Microlosses
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TIN 02 D
• The micro losses data help to extend theinterpretation.
• This particular analysis has to be performed at abigger scale.
• A decreasing trend in the MSFL is coincidentwith the higher losses.
• In correspondence with the presence of thelower losses, the MSFL assumes an increasingtrend.
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Log Analysis: Cutoff
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• Proposal of a cutoff on thewells with good matchbetween MSFL and P21.
TIN 03 D
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Log Analysis: Cutoff
• Proposal of a cutoff on thewells with good matchbetween MSFL and P21.
• Cutoff defined at 200ohmm.
• The cutoff permits tohighlight the intervals withthe best porosity andpermeability values.
• The cutoff permits to cutthe intervals with the worstporosity and permeabilityvalues.
TIN 03 D
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Log Analysis: Cutoff
TIN 12
• Proposal of a cutoff on thewells with good matchbetween MSFL and P21.
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Log Analysis: Cutoff
• Proposal of a cutoff on thewells with good matchbetween MSFL and P21.
• Cutoff defined at 100 ohmm.
• Best result is reached with alower value of cutoff.
• Necessity to calibrate thecutoff on the characteristicsof every field.
TIN 12
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List of Content
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� Project Scope
� Geological Setting
� Data Used
� Analysis
� Conclusions and Suggestions
The use of MSFL log to identify new production opportunities in mature tight and
fractured carbonate reservoirs
Stage Subject
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Conclusions and Suggestions
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• The MSFL calibrated with well data, is a useful tool to measure the Rxo and soto identify fractured levels into tight carbonate reservoirs.
• This method is a qualitative characterization that needs to be integrated withother data.
• The efficiency of the method is maximum when used with P21 and RCA.
• The presence of clays makes difficult to use this method because the clay watergives lower resistivity.
• The analysis can be extended in non-cored intervals using other data like microlosses.
� It is possible to propose a cut-off that could be a reliable parameter to highlight the intervals with the best petrophysical properties.
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Conclusions and Suggestions
Future applications include:
• Definition of a cutoff also for clay bearing layers.
• Calibration of the method using also “gas while drilling” data.
• Application of the method for non-Italian carbonate fields.
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Acknowledgements
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I would thank Eni Upstream & Technical Services
Division Management for permission to present this
work and related results and GICA/LAIP colleagues
for the technical support and needed assistance.
San Donato Milanese 13-14-15 October 2014