The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward WarThe Neutrality Acts (1935-37)The Neutrality Acts (1935-37)““Cash and Carry”Cash and Carry”First peacetime draft (1940) First peacetime draft (1940)

All men 21 to 35 had to All men 21 to 35 had to register for one year’s military register for one year’s military service service

Lend-Lease Act (1941)Lend-Lease Act (1941)

The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War British Prime British Prime

Minister Minister Winston S. Winston S. Churchill (1874-Churchill (1874-1965) (1940-1965) (1940-1945) (1951-1945) (1951-1955)1955)

The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward WarUSS USS AugustaAugusta off off

the coast of the coast of NewfoundlandNewfoundland

Atlantic Charter Atlantic Charter (14 August 1941)(14 August 1941)

Some Points of the CharterSome Points of the Charter

No aggrandizement, territorial No aggrandizement, territorial or otheror other

Freedom of the seasFreedom of the seasA new system of general A new system of general

securitysecurityRight of all peoples to choose Right of all peoples to choose

their form of governmenttheir form of government

The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War

Empire of Japan Empire of Japan and its Greater and its Greater East Asian Co-East Asian Co-Prosperity Prosperity SphereSphere

The US Drifts Toward WarThe US Drifts Toward War

Roosevelt imposed an Roosevelt imposed an embargo on exports of embargo on exports of

strategic resources, such as strategic resources, such as oil and metal, to Japan oil and metal, to Japan

(September 1941)(September 1941)

Japan Brings the US into the Japan Brings the US into the WarWar

Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Sunday, Sunday, 7 December 7 December 19411941

Battleship Row—Battleship Row—USS USS Arizona Arizona and and Oklahoma Oklahoma destroyeddestroyed

2,403 2,403 Americans Americans killed; 1,178 killed; 1,178 woundedwounded

Japanese Japanese mistakes:mistakes:

Fixated upon Fixated upon the the battleshipsbattleships

Fuel dumps Fuel dumps were not were not bombedbombed

Repair Repair facilities facilities untoucheduntouched

USS USS West VirginiaWest Virginia and and California California refloated and refloated and repairedrepaired

USS USS MarylandMaryland, , PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, , TennesseeTennessee, and , and NevadaNevada repairedrepaired

No aircraft No aircraft carriers were carriers were present, present, specifically specifically USS USS LexingtonLexington, , SaratogaSaratoga, and , and EnterpriseEnterprise

US declared war on the US declared war on the Empire of Japan Empire of Japan (8 December 1941) (8 December 1941)

“ “With confidence in our With confidence in our armed forces—with the armed forces—with the unbounding unbounding determination of our determination of our people—we will gain the people—we will gain the inevitable triumph—so inevitable triumph—so help us God.” — FDRhelp us God.” — FDR

Nazi Germany declared war on Nazi Germany declared war on the US (11 December 1941)the US (11 December 1941)

Japanese attacked multiple Japanese attacked multiple targets:targets:

Philippines attacked by airPhilippines attacked by air

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the PacificGuam (10 Guam (10

December)December)Wake IslandWake IslandPhilippines Philippines

fell (8 April fell (8 April 1942)1942)

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific

General General Douglas Douglas MacArthur MacArthur (1880-1964)(1880-1964)

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the PacificThe Doolittle The Doolittle

RaidRaidLTC Jimmy LTC Jimmy

Doolittle Doolittle (1896-1993)(1896-1993)

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific

Why the Doolittle Raid?Why the Doolittle Raid?Psychological for Japan and the Psychological for Japan and the

USUSJapan protected by the Japan protected by the

kamikaze kamikaze (divine wind)(divine wind)

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific 16 B-25 16 B-25

Bombers Bombers brought into brought into striking striking distance of distance of Japan by the Japan by the carrier USS carrier USS LexingtonLexington

World War II in the PacificWorld War II in the Pacific Naval task Naval task

force was force was spotted by a spotted by a Japanese Japanese fishing boat fishing boat

Doolittle Raid Doolittle Raid bombed pre-bombed pre-assigned assigned targets in targets in Tokyo-Tokyo-Yokohama, Yokohama, Nagoya, and Nagoya, and Osaka-Kobe Osaka-Kobe areas areas (18 April 1942)(18 April 1942)

Doolittle received Doolittle received a hero’s welcome a hero’s welcome in the US and a in the US and a promotion to promotion to Brigadier GeneralBrigadier General

Coral Sea (7-8 May 1942)Coral Sea (7-8 May 1942)Battle was fought by Naval aviators Battle was fought by Naval aviators

who took off from the decks of who took off from the decks of aircraft carriersaircraft carriers

Japanese Carrier HIJMS Japanese Carrier HIJMS ShohoShoho after torpedo hit after torpedo hit

Helldivers return to the USS Helldivers return to the USS Hornet Hornet (January 1945)(January 1945)

Midway Midway (4-5 June (4-5 June 1942)1942)

In addition In addition to to MikumaMikuma, , Japan lost Japan lost four four carriers, carriers, AkagiAkagi, , KagaKaga, , HiryuHiryu, and , and SoryuSoryu Japanese Heavy Cruiser Japanese Heavy Cruiser

HIJMS HIJMS MikumaMikuma burns at burns at MidwayMidway

Carrier USS Carrier USS YorktownYorktown (lost (lost after the after the battle ended)battle ended)

US Strategy in the PacificUS Strategy in the PacificGeneral Douglas General Douglas

MacArthurMacArthurSouthwest Southwest

Pacific Pacific

US Strategy in the PacificUS Strategy in the PacificAdmiral Admiral

Chester W. Chester W. Nimitz Nimitz (1885-1966) (1885-1966)

Central PacificCentral PacificIsland hoppingIsland hopping

General General MacArthurMacArthur

Admiral Admiral NimitzNimitz

PresidenPresident t

RoosevelRooseveltt

19441944

Admiral Admiral LeahyLeahy

Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s Chief of Chief of Staff Staff

Tarawa (20-24 November 1943)Tarawa (20-24 November 1943)Code of BushidoCode of BushidoSaipan (15 June-13 July 1944)Saipan (15 June-13 July 1944)

Leyte Gulf—Leyte Gulf—Japanese Japanese introduced introduced kamikazekamikaze pilotspilots

Battleship USS Battleship USS MissouriMissouri under under attackattack

FDR’s failing health was obvious FDR’s failing health was obvious at the Yalta Conference (12 Feb at the Yalta Conference (12 Feb

1945)1945)

Death of Franklin RooseveltDeath of Franklin RooseveltFDR died on FDR died on

12 April 12 April 19451945

Harry S Harry S Truman Truman (1884-1972) (1884-1972) (1945-1953)(1945-1953)

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Trinity test, Trinity test,

the first the first nuclear nuclear explosion explosion (Alamogordo, (Alamogordo, New Mexico New Mexico 16 July 1945)16 July 1945)

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb B-29 Super B-29 Super

Fortress Fortress Enola GayEnola Gay dropped dropped “Little Boy” “Little Boy” on Hiroshima on Hiroshima (6 August)(6 August)

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb60,000 killed60,000 killedFour-square Four-square

miles miles destroyeddestroyed

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Bock’s CarBock’s Car

dropped dropped “Fat Man” “Fat Man” on Nagasaki on Nagasaki (9 (9 August)August)

The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb70,000 70,000

killedkilledJapan Japan

surrendered surrendered (15 August)(15 August)

Japanese SurrenderJapanese Surrender Official Official

surrender surrender aboard the aboard the USS USS MissouriMissouri anchored in anchored in Tokyo Harbor Tokyo Harbor (2 September)(2 September)