The Urinary System Regulation of plasma [ ] of Na, K, Cl, Ca, lost in urine Blood volume/pressure...
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![Page 1: The Urinary System Regulation of plasma [ ] of Na, K, Cl, Ca, lost in urine Blood volume/pressure via release of erythropoietin and renin Blood pH stabilization.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ef15503460f94c0254c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Urinary System
• Regulation of plasma [ ] of Na, K, Cl, Ca, lost in urine
• Blood volume/pressure via release of erythropoietin and renin
• Blood pH stabilization
• Elimination of urea & uric acid
• Vitamin D3 derivative synthesis (calcitriol)
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Urinary System (cont’d)
• Kidneys
• Ureter
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
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Kidney AnatomyLocation & External AnatomyLocation & External Anatomy
• Retroperitoneal
• T12-L3
• 12cm long,6cm wide,3cm thick
• Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface (renal hilus)
• Renal capsule,adipose capsule
• Renal fascia
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Kidney AnatomyInternal AnatomyInternal Anatomy
• Renal Cortex
• Renal Medulla
• Medullary pyramids
• Renal columns
• Renal pelvis
• Major/minor calyces
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Kidney Histology
• Nephron(cortical,juxtaglomerular) renal tubule
• Renal corpuscle(glomerulus,capsule)
• PCT, loop of Henle(ascending,descending limbs)DCT
• Collecting system(collecting duct, papillary duct)
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Kidney Histology (cont’d)
• Capsular epithelium
• Capsular space
• Glomerular epithelium(podocytes)
• Vascular pole
• Juxtaglomerular apparatus-macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, & mesangial cells (renin/erythropoietin release)
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Kidney Angiology
• Renal artery >segmental> interlobar > arcuate>interlobular>afferent arterioles> glomerulus>efferent arterioles>peritubular capillaries>,vasa recta>venules>interlobular veins>arcuate veins>interlobar veins>renal vein
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Kidney Innervation
• Sympathetic
• Regulation of blood flow/pressure via arteriole innervation
• Release of renin
• Reabsorption of H20 & Na
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Urine transport, storage & elimination
• Histology-Minor/major calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder,proximal urethra comprised of transitional epithelium.
• Ureters- mucosa, longitudinal (inner), circular (outer), adventitia.
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Urinary Bladder
• Urachus• Lateral umbilical ligaments• Rugae• Ureteric openings, internal urethral opening
(trigone)• Histology-mucosal, submucosa,
muscularis(inner/outer longitudinal)(middle circular)
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Urethra
• Thin walled muscular tube
• Mostly stratified columnar
• Female-3 to 5cm long; external urethral meatus
• Male-18 to 20cm long; prostatic, membranous, penile.
• UG diaphragm
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Reproductive System
• Primary sex organs-gonads
• Accessory reproductive-ducts, glands, external genitalia
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Male Reproductive System
• The scrotum
• The testes
• Seminiferous tubules,epididymis,ductus deferens
• Leydig cells
• Angiology-testicular arteries, pampiniform plexus
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Male Reproductive SystemThe penis & accessory glands The penis & accessory glands
• Glans, prepuce
• Corpus spongiosum,cavernosum
• Seminal vesicles-60% semen volume(alkaline fluid, fructose)
• Prostate-1/3 of semen vol.(citrate, acid phosphatase,hyaluronidase).
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Male Reproductive System Reproductive TractReproductive Tract
• Epididymis-head, body, tail
• Functions in gauging composition of tubular fluid,recycling & functional maturation of spermatozoa
• Urethra
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Spermatogenesis
• Spermatogonia>Primary spermatocyte>Secondary spermatocyte> Spermatids>Spermatozoa
• Spermiogenesis
• Spermatozoa-head(acrosome),middle piece, flagellum
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Female Reproductive System
• Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
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Female Reproductive SystemOvariesOvaries
• Angiology-ovarian arteries, veins
• Ovarian follicles (primary,secondary,Graafian)
• Oogenesis-oogonium, primary oocyte,secondary oocyte, ovum
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Female Reproductive SystemThe Uterus & VaginaThe Uterus & Vagina
• Body,cervix
• Uterine tube
• Uterine cavity,endometrium(10%), myometrium(90%)
• Vaginal canal
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Female Reproductive SystemExternal GenitaliaExternal Genitalia
• Labia majora,minora
• Clitoris
• Bartholin’s glands
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The Mammary Glands
• Pectoral fat pad
• Nipple, areola
• Lactiferous duct
• Lactiferous sinus
• Suspensory ligament
• Angiology-branches of int.thoracic artery