SAVANNAH PIRES, MIA MARTINEZ, AND TAYLOR ZACHEY

The Urinary System (Excretory System)

Definition

The system of organs and tissues involved with regulation of water content and salt concentration in the body and with the excretion of wastes and excess water and salt in the form of urine.

Osmoregulation- maintaining the body’s water/salt levels. (homeostasis)

Parts of the Urinary System

KidneysUretersUrinary BladderUrethraPenisVagina

Kidneys

Two bean shaped organs

Located below the rib cage

InvoluntaryFilter metabolic

wastes, excess ions, and chemicals

Form urine

Filtration of Urine

Blood enters through renal arteries.

Enters the glomerulus, pressure releases filtrate to bowman’s capsule

Flows through proximal convoluted tubule (reabsorbs necessary substances)

Enters the Loop on Henle

Filtration of Urine (continued)

Concentrated urine enters the Distal Convoluted Tubule

Necessary organic molecules reabsorbed.

Enters Medulla through channeling ducts.

What is Urine?

Watery, yellowish fluidDischarged through urethraContains water, salt, and urea

Ureters

Tubes that carry urine to bladder

Composed of fibrous muscle and mucus coat so they can contract

Bladder

Holds urine until released

Controlled by two sphincter muscles

Make urination voluntary

Can hold up to 600 ml of urine

Urethra

Tube from which urine is released.

In males: roughly 8 inches long

Females: 1.5 inches long

To Sum it all up:

Crash Course Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtrYotjYvtU

Diseases of the Urinary System

5 Diseases

Chronic Kidney DiseaseCystitisInterstitial CystitisUrinary Tract InfectionKidney Stones

Chronic Kidney Disease

Caused by:• Diabetes and High Blood

Pressure• Immune system conditions• Urinary Tract infections• Congenital defects• Drugs and toxinsSymptoms:• Less urination, edema,

fatigue, loss of appetite, random weight loss, nausea, and headaches

Treatment:• Diet and exercise• Blood pressure medication• Overall healthy lifestyle• Regular doctors visits

Cystitis Caused by: Bacterial infections (UTI) Reaction to certain drugs Radiation therapy Potential irritants Symptoms: •A strong, persistent urge to

urinate •A burning sensation when

urinating •Passing frequent, small amounts

of urine •Blood in the urine (hematuria) •Passing cloudy or strong-smelling

urine •Discomfort in the pelvic area •Low-grade fever

Treatment: Antibiotics

Interstitial CystitisCaused by:a defect in the protective

lining (epithelium) of the bladder

autoimmune reactionHeredityInfectionallergySymptoms:Pain in your pelvisFrequent urination, often of

small amountsPain during sexual

intercourse

Treatments:physical therapyoral medication

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Caused by: Bacteria entering urinary tract Symptoms: •A strong, persistent urge to

urinate •A burning sensation when

urinating •Passing frequent, small

amounts of urine •Urine that appears cloudy •Urine that appears red, bright

pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine

•Strong-smelling urine •Pelvic pain, in women •Rectal pain, in men

Treatments: Antibiotics

Kidney Stones Caused by: Urine becomes concentrated Symptoms: •Severe pain in the side and

back, below the ribs •Pain that comes in waves and

fluctuates in intensity •Pain while urinating •Pink, red or brown urine •Cloudy or foul-smelling urine •Nausea and vomiting •Persistent urge to urinate •Urinating more often than usual •Fever and chills if an infection

is present

Treatments: Pain medication (to

pass kidney stone) Drink plenty of water