The Urinary SystemChapter 9

dia-

Meaning:

• through• between• apart • complete

Cyst/o, Vesic/o• cyst• sac of fluid• Meaning urinary bladder

• Primary function is to store urine until it is excreted

Nephr/o

• Meaning kidney– Primary functions are

• to filter the blood • to remove waste products• maintain electrolyte concentrations• and remove excess water to maintain the fluid

volume in the body– Located retroperitoneally with one on each side of

the vertebral column below the diaphragm

Nephr/o

• Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys. They form urine by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

glomerul/o

• Meaning glomerulus– Found in each nephron – A cluster of capillaries surrounded by a membrane

called the Bowman’s capsule (plural, glomeruli)

lith/o

• Meaning stone• -lithiasis

– Presence of stones• Calculus

– Abnormal mineral deposit– Vary in size from small sand like granules up to the

size of marbles– Named for the organ or tissue where they are located

• Nephrolithiasis– Kidney stones

-pexy

• Meaning surgical fixation• Nephropexy

– Surgical fixation of a floating kidney

pyel/o

• Meaning renal pelvis• Bowl of kidney• Major structure-Renal Pelvis

– Primary function is to collect urine produced by the kidneys.

ren/o

• Meaning kidney

-tripsy

• Meaning to crush• Lithotripsy

– The destruction of a kidney stone with the use of ultrasonic waves traveling through water

– Also known as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy or ESWL (extracorporeal means situated or occurring outside the body)

ureter/o

• Meaning ureter• Major structures-

Ureters– Primary function

• Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

urethr/o

• Meaning urethra• Major structures-Urethra

– Primary function• Transports urine

from the bladder through the urethral meatus where it is excreted from the body.

• Meaning urination, voiding, or micturition• Urea

– Major waste product of protein metabolism• Urine

– Liquid waste products and urea to be excreted • Urochrome

– The pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color.

– Color can be influenced by normal factors such as the amount of liquid consumed or by diseases and medications.

-uria, Urin/o

homeostasis

• A state of equilibrium that produces a constant internal environment throughout the body

• Home/o– sameness

• -stasis– control

-cele

• Meaning hernia• tumor• Swelling• Cystocele

• Hernia or the bladder through the vaginal wall

-ectasis

• Refers to stretching• dilation• enlargement of

• Ureterectasis– Distention of a ureter

-lysis

• Meaning breakdown• separation • setting free• destruction • Loosening• Nephrolysis

– The freeing of a kidney from adhesions (Adhesions are a band of fibers that hold structures together abnormally)