The Urinary SystemLab # 8

The Urinary System

(b) Posterior view(a) Anterior view

Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Anatomy of KidneyThe kidneys lie against posterior abdominal wall at level of T12 to L3They are retroperitoneal along with ureters, urinary bladder, renal artery and vein, and adrenal glands

Small intestine

Lumbar muscles

Pancreas

Stomach

Parietal Peritoneum

Fibrous capsule

Renal fascia

Perirenalfat capsule

Hilum

Visceral Peritoneum

Renal column

Fibrous capsule

Renal cortex

Renal medulla Renal pyramid

Parenchyma:

Renal papilla Minor calyces

Major calyces

Renal pelvis

Ureter

Renal lobule

Parenchyma

Renal sinus

Hilum

Renal arteryRenal vein

Renal Circulation

Renal artery

Renal vein

Interlobarartery and vein

Interlobular (cortical radiate)artery and vein

Arcuate arteryand vein

Segmentalartery

Arcuate artery Interlobularartery

Afferent arteriole

Glomerulus

Efferent arteriole

Peritubularcapillaries

Interlobularvein

Arcuate vein

The NephronThe nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys. Each kidney has about 1.2 million nephrons

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule

- Glomerulus

- Glomerular (Bowman) capsule

Nephron

Parietal layer (simple squamous epithelium)Visceral layer (podocytes)Capsular space

- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)- Nephron loop (loop of Henle) - Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Renal corpuscle

Proximalconvoluted

tubule (PCT)

Nephron loop (loop of Henle)

Distalconvoluted

tubule (DCT)

Collectingduct (CD)

- Collecting duct

The Renal Corpuscle

Bloodflow

Blood flow

Afferentarteriole

Efferentarteriole

Glomerular capsule:

Podocytes ofvisceral layer

Parietal layerCapsular

space

Proximalconvoluted

tubule

Glomerular capillaries(podocytes and capillarywall removed)

Transitional epithelium

The Urinary Bladder