Karen Saucier Lundy, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor Emeritus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xD9-z6Nw2FM&feature=fvwrel

Of the 2, 223 people aboard the Titanic, only 706 survived.

900 crew members Tickets for the Titanic capped out at $4,350

(which is more than $95,860 in 2008 dollars). April 10, 1912 46-ton luxury liner, Great

Britain to NYC. April 15, 1912 Sunk within 2 hours after ice

cap impact Last survivor died earlier this year.

BOARDING PASS LIFEJACKET

Violet Jessop, an ocean liner stewardess and a nurse was one of the survivors of the Titanic. She is also well known for surviving the Britannic in 1916, the sister ship to Titanic. Violet also survived an earlier fiasco in 1911, when she was aboard the RMS Olympic, when it collided with another ship, HMS Hawke. Served as WWI nurse with Red Cross. She passed away on May 5, 1971 of congestive heart failure.

-March 31, 1909 in Belfast (Ireland) -The Titanic was constructed by the Harland & Wolff company

- Titanic construction took about 3 years and $7.5 million to complete

- It took around 3000 laborers to construct the Titanic

- The vessel featured 16 watertight compartments with steel doors designed to close within 25 seconds, keep any flooding out of the ship’s interior

BOARDING THE TITANIC LIFEBOATS

Planning and preparation Staff training Community/population education Disaster plan Primary prevention Assessment of risk, vulnerability analysis,

inventory.

The Titanic was supplied with only enough life boats/jackets to accommodate about half of its maximum number of passengers

Only one ‘trial test’ 6-7 hours total, never ran engines at full speed prior to voyage.

No staff preparation/drills prior to departure. No evidence of disaster plan, roles in disaster,

had 24 hour lookout.

Early warnings Mobilization Evacuation Organization of team, role definition. Health care workers put on “call.” Community members must take warnings

seriously and be ‘disaster prepared’. Problems: desensitized, previous

experience.

Ice warnings on third day, noted by captain. Warning that icebergs were within 5 miles of

Titanic on day of disaster. No discussion of potential risks, captain

retired to his quarters, speed was not reduced (at full speed due to need for surprise early arrival at NYC).

Passengers had no advance warning of icebergs.

Holding on, endurance. Shock of population. Secondary preparation, involvement of

disaster leaders in setting priorities. Knowing and implementing the Plan. Triage of evacuation.

April 14 1912 - 10:13 pm lookout signaled bridge “Iceberg right ahead.”

Office ordered to put helm ‘hard astarboard” and reverse engines.

Captain alerted. Ship hits iceberg, causing slight roll. Hole ripped in steel plating of ship. Impact slight and not noticed by crew or

passengers. Boiler room flooded.

Population/community face consequences. Begins DURING the impact phase and

continues until ALL threats and hazards have passed.

Secondary prevention to minimize damage, further complications.

Three parts: isolation, rescue, remedy.

Compartments filling with water, bow sinking, no emergency whistles or warnings to avoid ‘causing chaos.’

Captain issues distress call, Carpathia (58 miles away) responded, Californian (19 miles away) ignored distress call.

Many lifeboats lowered into the water were only half full Many Titanic lifeboats drifted off to sea before they could even be

properly deployed. “Women and children first”, FIRST CLASS THAT IS. CHAOS. Boats suspended 70 feet, slammed into boat side. Congress noted this was most serious lack of preparation for

disaster. 12:47 am Titanic breaks in half, sinks. Deaths: drowning, exposure, trauma. Survivors rowed toward ‘lights’ of Californian.

60% of first class survived. 42% of second class survived. 25% of third class survived. 25% of staff survived. GENDER: 75% women survived; 25% men. Rescue from Carpathia and Californian. Returned to New York and Nova Scotia with

survivors. Prayer service for the dead 8:30 am, Captain of

Carpathia Public media notification: April 15, 1912

Healing beings. Goal: Restore population/community to

predisaster conditions. Evaluation and reflection, lessons learned,

implementation of research based changes in disaster preparedness.

Secondary and tertiary prevention. PTSDT

Facing the ‘saved by technology’ value of industrial and scientific revolution.

Congressional hearings: May 1912 Revolutionary changes from Titanic disaster: Inspection certificates mandated lifeboats, staff

training, position of lifeboats, lifeboat staff responsibilities.

Disaster drills. Passenger instructions, lifeboat assignments, paths to

safety, instructions in each room. Electric searchlights, 24/7 radio operator. All ships required to meet construction standards.

Ellen Church, nurse and pilot, suggested that nurses be put on commercial flights to make passengers feel more comfortable about flying.

Church became the world's first stewardess on May 15, 1930.

AVIATION AVIATION

EVACUATION SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

SHIP EVACUATIONS CAMPUS SHOOTER EDUCATION

SECONDARY PREVENTION DECONTAMINATION DRILLS

SULLENBERGER ALL 155 PASSENGERS SAVED

PREPARED FAMILIES DRILL DRILL DRILL

ELDERLY NIGHTINGALE DEATH ANNOUNCEMENT