The United States and the World

Chapter 7.Sherry Woods,Sherry Woods,

Caywood Elementary School Lexington, Caywood Elementary School Lexington, TNTN

Building an Empire Leader in industry and agriculture. New land would offer more raw materials

for factories More power

Alaska Bought from Russia for 7.2 million dollars Two cents an acre Many Americans thought it was foolish Called it “The Polar Bear Garden” Gold was discovered New wealth to America Natural resources: fish, timber, coal, copper

The Hawaiian Islands Ruled by Polynesian kings and queens American Christian missionaries Cattle ranches and sugar plantations By 1870’s missionaries and plantation owners

controlled much of Hawaiian land and trade Americans made the king and later Queen

Liliuokalani give up their rule Annexed in 1898….The 50th State

War With Spain…Here we go Again! Accused us of imperialism or empire building. America supported Cubans’ fight for

independence from Spain President William McKinley sent the battleship

Maine to Havana, Cuba Maine exploded killing more than 200 sailors United States blamed Spain “Remember the Maine!” Declared war on Spain

Battles Navy was sent to the Phillippine Islands Destroyed the Spanish fleet Many volunteers Theodore Roosevelt, an assistant secretary

of the Navy. Quit that job so he could FIGHT!

Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Mostly cowboys and college athletes Battle of San Juan Hill Siege of Santiago

Siege: an attack that lasts for a long time.

Won and signed an armistice: an agreement to stop fighting a war

Spanish-American war lasted less than 4 months.

Short war….many died. Over 5000 soldiers died

Most died from diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.

Made the U.S. a world power Spain gave the U.S. control of Cuba, Guam, the

Phillippine Islands, and Puerto Rico CUBA now and independent country Phillippine Islands also independent Guam and Puerto Rico are still owned by U.S.

Theodore Roosevelt Popular after the war Elected governor of New York Two years later: Vice President under

William McKinley President McKinley was shot in Buffalo,

New York and died 8 days later Roosevelt became PRESIDENT

Man of Action Believed U.S. should show off its power to

make positive change around the world. Helped work out a peace deal between

Russia and Japan 1st American to win the Nobel Peace Prize Sent a fleet of WHITE ships on a worldwide

cruise to show off our power

The Panama Canal Roosevelt’s goal to build Link the Atlantic and Pacific oceans Cut across an isthmus: a narrow strip of land that

connects two larger land areas 1902 Congress voted to build Roosevelt spread the rumor of revolution in

Panama to get their government to sell us the land around the canal.

Revolution started and new leaders agreed to sell the land to the U.S.

Work on the Canal Begins Began work in 1904 Doctors treated workers for malaria and

yellow fever to keep them from dying. Controlled mosquitoes by draining the

swamps Took 10 years to complete and $380 million

dollars!

Progressives and Reform

Lesson 2

The Square Deal Roosevelt and his supporters were called

progressives. (wanting to improve government)

Thought government should help people a lot.

Commissions: in charge of making decisions

Progressives at Work Interstate Commerce Commission

Study railroad fares regulate prices Break up monopolies

Businesses who beat out all the competition Pure Food and Drug Act Meet government safety standards

Meat Inspection Act

Conservation: way to protect the environment by keeping natural resources from being destroyed

Pure Food and Drug Act

State and City Reforms Governor Robert La Follette

Pushed for state legislatures to hold a primary election

An election in which different people compete to the their party’s candidate

Winners then run against each other in a general election

Gave more POWER to the people to choose Also started the merit system: to make sure

people were qualified for their job

Political Bosses Controlled city government Most had dishonest people working for

them Boss Tweed, ran New York City for years

Crook, robbed the city of millions of dollars

End of Political Bosses Changed form of government Not just the mayor in charge Set up commissions made up of several

people In charge of police department, fire

department, water department, etc…

Federal Reforms William Howard Taft elected President in

1908 when Roosevelt decided not to run for reelection.

Progressive Pushed for the 16th amendment

Allowed government to TAX people’s income

1912 Presidential Election Roosevelt ran for President in 1912 against

Taft and Woodrow Wilson Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected

President! Federal Reserve Bank…banks run more

smoothly 17th Amendment: people allowed to elect their

own two U.S. senators

Civil Rights African American leaders tried to solve

prejudice problems W.E.B. DuBois formed the NAACP National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People Civil Rights: the rights of citizens to equal

treatment

Improving Society State laws banning child labor Federal law did not stop child labor so

many businesses kept putting kids to work! Prohibition made it illegal to drink alcohol

18th Amendment Failure: Gangsters found ways to sell liquor 21st Amendment repealed the 18th amendment

The Great WarLesson 3

Causes of the War Ethnic groups wanted own nation Imperialism made weaker countries jealous Increase in military force caused tension Militarism: using military force to solve

problems Alliances: partnerships with other countries Allies: Countries that join together to help

each other

Allied Powers Britain France Russia Italy

Central Powers Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire

War Begins! Started in Serbia Serb rebel shot and killed 2 members of

Austria-Hungary’s royal family Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Alliances joined in to help each side

United States Stayed out at first Germany invented the u-boat, an

underwater submarine Sank a passenger ship, the Lusitania 1200 people killed including 128 Americans Americans were angry and some wanted to

fight, but President Woodrow Wilson said NO…

United States Enters the War Germans threatened to attack all ships in

British water Sank 3 American merchant ships Enough is ENOUGH! President Woodrow Wilson asked

Congress to Declare War April 6, 1917, American entered the war

Problems Army was too small Not enough weapons Selective Service Act – military draft African Americans and immigrants faced

prejudice Kept in separate units Not allowed to do certain jobs

The Front Line Most soldiers were sent to France Most fighting took place there Lived in trenches No-Man’s Land: land between the two

sides Filled with barbed wire, land mines, buried

bombs

New Weapons Machine gun developed by the Germans Hundreds of bullets a minute British developed the Tank for protection

from the machine gun fire Germans developed poison gas

Killed by suffocation….MOST FEARED WEAPON!!!!!

Death Tolls

53,000 Americans killed230,000 Americans wounded8,000,000 Total Deaths

Women in the War Not allowed to fight in combat Filled the jobs left open by men Nurses and ambulance drivers in war Navy clerks and telegraph operators Women’s war work led to the 19th

amendment Women finally had the right to VOTE

19th Amendment

Changes at Home War Industry Board made goods for soldiers Food Administration – raise more food crops Allied troops depended on American farmers for

food. Victory Gardens – raise own food Fuel Administration- use less coal and oil Daylight Savings Time – conserve energy Increased Taxes Sold War Bonds

The War Ends American soldiers turned the tide and made

a huge difference Helped push back the German army November 11, 1918: Germany

Surrendered Americans came home

Settlement Wilson drew up the Fourteen Points for a fair

peace League of Nations Treaty of Versailles – ended the war U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations Senators wanted the U.S. to stay out of other

nation’s problems Policy of Isolation – remaining separate from

other countries.