The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is commonly known as the United Kingdom, the

UK, or Britain

It is a country consisting of four countries: England,

Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

Consist of- składać się

History1534 Henry VIII forms the 'Church of England'.1536 Act of Union joins England and Wales1591 First performance of a play by William Shakespeare1603 James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England uniting the two kingdoms1666 Great Fire of London1800 Act of Union with Ireland 1883 First electric railway1887 The invention of the gramophone1914 - 1918 First World War1920  Republic of Ireland gains independence1939 - 1945 The Second World War1952 Elizabeth II becomes the Queen1973 Britain joins the European Community

National symbols

The Union Flag, popularly known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom.

It symbolises the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom.

Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom

Coat of Arms- herb

The National Anthem is God Save the Queen. The British National Anthem originated in a patriotic song first performed in 1745.

The National Anthem is played whenever The Queen makes a public appearance and is played by the British Broadcasting Corporation every night before closedown.

It is also sung:• at the end of all Remembrance Day

services.• Medal ceremonies for Team GB• England and Northern Ireland football

matches

Anthem- hymn Originate- powstawać whenever- za każym razem service- nabożeństwo

Individual countries of the United Kingdom

Country Patron Saint National Flower

National Animal

Coat of Arms

England St George Tudor Rose Lion Coat of Arms of England

Northern Ireland

St Patrick Shamrock None Coat of Arms of Northern Ireland

Shamrock- koniczyna

Country Patron Saint NationalFlower

National Animal

Coat of Arms

Scotland St Andrew Thistle Unicorn Coat of Arms of Scotland

WalesSt David Leek

Or Daffodil

Red Dragon Royal Badge of Wales

Thistle-oset Leek- por Daffodil- żonkil Royal- królewski Bagde- odznaka

The British Royal FamilyThe British Royal Family's surname is Windsor.

The Royal family are members of the Church of England.

The British Queen Elizabeth II

She is a 'constitutional monarch'. This means that although she is officially the head of the state, the country is actually run by the government, led by the Prime Minister.The Queen lives at Buckingham Palace in London.

Although- chociaż

The Royal Family Tree

Queen Elizabeth II

Charles Prince of

Wales

Anrew

Duke of York

Anne

Princess

Royal

Edward

Earl of Wesse

x

The Queen's sons and daughter

The Queen's grandchildren

WilliamPrince of Wales Peter Phillips Beatrice

Princess of York Lady Louise Windsor

HarryPrince of Wales Zara Phillips Eugenie Princess of York James, Viscount Severns

Duke-książęEarl- hrabia

Tourist Attractions

Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain. People began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place. It is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire.

Monument- zabytek, pomnikDrag- wlec, zaciągnąćPlain- równina County- hrabstwo

Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle has been a royal residence for over 900 years and today is one of the homes of Queen Elizabeth ll. It was built by the Normans from timber and later rebuilt in stone.

Timber- drewno Rebuild- przebudować

The White Cliffs of Dover are truly one of the most famous English landmarks.

Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool, Lancashire in England which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894.

Landmark- punkt orientacyjny

Buckingham Palace

It is the London home of the British Royal family. The 600 room palace is surrounded by a 40 acre garden.

Be surrounded - być otoczonym

The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings. The Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the London borough of the City of Westminster.

House of Parliament- izba parlamentuConduct- przeprowadzaćSittings- posiedzenia Borough- dzielnica, gmina

Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror in 1066. The Tower, or Bloody Tower as it is known, has been host to many famous executions and imprisonments, including those of Anne Boleyn,Catherine Howard.

London EyeIt is the world’s biggest ferris wheel, and will carry 800 passengers at a time on a thirty-minute ride.

Host- być gospodarzem execution- egzekucjaImprisonment- kara więzienia

St Paul's Cathedral

The first St Paul's Cathedral was built in 604 AD but burnt down in 675. The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is the second biggest dome in the world, after St Peter's in Rome.

Tower Bridge crosses the River Thames. It became a symbol of London.It is the only drawbridge out of 29 on the River Thames.

York Minster Gothic Cathedral in YorkSituated in the heart of the city, York Minster is the largest Gothic Cathedral in northern Europe.

Cross- przecinać drawbridge- most zwodzony

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe",was opened in 1997.

Associate with- kojarzyć z

The Giant’s Causeway is located in County Antrim in Northern Ireland. According to Irish legend, the Irish Giant Fionn MacCumhaill threw huge stones into the Irish Sea in order to reach his wife in Scotland. The stones are known as the Giant’s Causeway.

County- hrabstwo according to- nawiązując do throw- rzucać in order to- aby

Edinburgh Castle is a fort that was built by David I on an extinct volcano in Scotland's capital. It is home to the Scottish Crown Jewels.

Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British monarchs.

Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009,

Burial site- miejsce pochówku chime-wybijać, dzwonić

The Island of Skye, situated off the West coast of Mainland Scotland, is the largest and best known of the Inner Hebrides.

Loch Ness Lake It is the largest freshwater lake in the Britain. It is believed that an enormous creature lives in the water – known universally as the Loch Ness Monster, or ‘Nessie’. However, there is no proof to suggest that the monster is a reality.

Inner Hebrides- Hebrydy WewnętrzneFreshwater- słodkowodnyIt is believed- uważa się Proof- dowód

The Snowdonia National Park is an area of outstanding natural beauty covering 838 square miles and containing some of the most magnificent scenery in Wales. It is the second largest National Park in England and Wales.

Outstanding- wybitny, wyróżniający się Magnificent- wspaniały

Famous People

Winston Churchill was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders. He served as prime minister twice .A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Statesman-mąż stanu Leadership- przywódstwoOrator-mówcaWidely- powszchenieWartime-czas wojny

Isambard Kingdom Brunel was a leading British civil engineer, famed for his bridges and dockyards, and especially for the construction of the first major British railway, the Great Western Railway; a series of famous steamships, including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship; and numerous important bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.

Dockyard- stocznia Railway-kolej

George Stephenson was a British engineer who designed a famous and historically important steam-powered locomotive named Rocket, and is known as the Father of British Steam Railways.

Alexander Bell was a scientist, inventor, and founder of the Bell telephone company.Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Alexander Fleming is famous as the discoverer of the antibiotic substance lysozyme and for isolating the antibiotic substance penicillin. Fleming was born in Ayrshire, Scotland.

Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and studied the speed of sound. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion.

Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, who created a Theory of Evolution.

Reflecting telescope- teleskop zwierciadlany

Diana, Princess of Wales was a member of the British royal family and international personality of the late 20th century as the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales . Diana also received recognition for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. From 1989, she was the president of the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.She died on 31 August 1997 in a car crash in Paris.

Royal-królewski personality- osobistośćRecognition- rozpozanie, uznanieSupport- wsparcie

John Winston Ono Lennon, was an English musician and singer-songwriter who rose to worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles. on 8 December 1980, Lennon returned to their New York apartment, where he was shot in the back four times at the entrance to the building.

Found-zakładaćEntrance- wejście

Ian Fleming was a British author, best remembered for the James Bond series of novels.

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. He produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories.Then he wrote mainly tragedies, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language.

Playwright- dramotpisarz fine- znakomity, świetnyRaise- wychować Mainly- głównieWidely regarded- powszechnie uznawany

Celebrities from the UK

Cheryl Cole is an English singer, songwriter, dancer, and model.

David Beckham is an English footballer who plays for the Los Angeles Galaxy Major League Soccer team, previously played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, and A.C. Milan, as well as the England national team.

Sean Connery is a Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes. He is best known for portraying the character James Bond, starring in seven Bond films between 1962 and 1983.

Daniel Craig is an English actor and film producer. His early film roles include Elizabeth, The Power of One, and the television episodes Zorro and The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles: Daredevils of the Desert. His breakthrough performances were in the films Layer Cake, Some Voices and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider. He was cast as the sixth actor to portray fictional secret agent James Bond.

Breakthrough- przełomowy

Catherine Zeta-Jones is a Welsh actress. She received an Academy Award, BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. She starred in The Legend of Zorro, Chicago, Ocean's Twelve.

Orlando Bloom is a British actor, who became famous playing Legolas in the The Lord of the Rings trilogy. He also had major roles in Black Hawk Down, Pirates of the Caribbean, and Troy.

Robert Peter Williams is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That.

Leona Louise Lewis is a British pop and R&B singer–songwriter. Lewis was a contestant in third series of the British television series The X Factor, which she won.

Contestant- zawodnik coach - trener

Sportscricket

soccer (football)

Lawn tennis

golf

polo

rugby