THE UI TED REPUBLIC OF TAZAI A PRIME MII STER’S OFFICE...
Transcript of THE UI TED REPUBLIC OF TAZAI A PRIME MII STER’S OFFICE...
THE U�ITED REPUBLIC OF TA�ZA�IA
PRIME MI�ISTER’S OFFICE
REGIO�AL ADMI�ISTRATIO� A�D LOCAL GOVER�ME�T
MAI�TE�A�CE SYSTEMS FOR DISTRICT ROADS I�
TA�ZA�IA
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
Version 1: February 2013
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Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
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Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1
District Road Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 1
Scope of Manual ........................................................................................................................... 1
Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Applicable Standards .................................................................................................................... 2
Maintenance Timetable ................................................................................................................ 3
Layout of the Manual .................................................................................................................... 3
2 Conventional (Time Based) Contract ......................................................................................... 1
Description .................................................................................................................................... 1
Application .................................................................................................................................... 1
Steps .............................................................................................................................................. 1
3 Framework Contract .................................................................................................................. 2
Description .................................................................................................................................... 2
Application .................................................................................................................................... 2
Steps .............................................................................................................................................. 3
4 Performance-Based Contract (PMMR/OPRC) ............................................................................ 5
Description .................................................................................................................................... 5
Application .................................................................................................................................... 6
Steps .............................................................................................................................................. 6
5 Community Based Contracts ...................................................................................................... 8
Description .................................................................................................................................... 8
Application .................................................................................................................................... 8
Steps .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Appendix 1 Standard Contract forms - Framework .............................................................................. 11
Appendix 2 Standard Documents/Templates (PMMR/OPRC) .............................................................. 13
Appendix 3 Standard Documents / Forms for Community Contracts .................................................. 32
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Abbreviations & Acronyms
BDS Bid Data Sheet
BoQ Bills of Quantities
CBO Community Based Organisation
CDO Community Development Officer
CMT Council Management Team
GCC General Conditions of Contract
Km Kilometre
LGA Local Government Authority
Mio. Million
OPRC Output and Performance Based Road Contract
PE Procuring Entity
PMMR Performance Based Management and Maintenance of Roads
PMO-RALG Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government
PPRA Public Procurement regulatory Authority
TShs Tanzanian shilling
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1 Introduction
District Road Maintenance
District roads serve mainly local transport. Most are earth and gravel roads carrying little motorized
traffic. These types of roads are relatively inexpensive to construct but require effective
maintenance. They are administered by local government authorities (LGAs). District road network is
extensive and a major public asset.
Maintenance of district roads has been, and still is, challenging despite the increased funding for
maintenance from the Roads Fund and Local Government Authorities (LGA) own sources. The
maintenance contracting systems that are being applied on district roads have not been able to fully
resolve the issue of keeping the roads in good condition for most of the year. Timely road
maintenance is important because it sustains the quality and safety of the road. It is also cheaper to
regularly maintain a road in whole life cost terms.
Scope of Manual
This Road Maintenance Contracting Manual describes the different types of contracts that may be
used by the LGAs for maintenance of the roads under their jurisdiction. The purpose of the manual is
to assist the LGA engineers to make decisions on what type of contract to be applied to maintain a
road or a network of roads depending on the importance of the road(s), maintenance needs and
available resources (financial and technical). The manual does not cover the contracts management
aspects nor does it guide on use of labour based vs. machine based contractors. The Road
Maintenance and Management System for District Roads prepared by PMO-RALG could be
consulted for guidance on the above mentioned aspects.
Four types of contracting maintenance works will be covered in this Manual namely
i) Conventional (time based) contracts;
ii) Long Term Framework contracts;
iii) Long Term Performance Based contracts; and
iv) Community contracts.
The table below summarises the different types of contracts included in this Manual and the
maintenance works where they could be best applied:-
s/n Contract Type Maintenance works
1 Conventional (Time Based) Periodic maintenance, spot improvement and drainage works
2 Framework Mix of periodic maintenance, spot improvement, drainage works
and routine maintenance
3 Performance Based Mix of periodic maintenance, spot improvement, drainage works
and routine maintenance
4 Community Routine maintenance
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Definitions
For the purpose of this Manual the following ‘road maintenance’ definitions apply:-
(a) Routine Maintenance: all maintenance works required continuously or at frequent
intervals during the year on every road whatever its engineering characteristics or
traffic volume. It comprises activities such as grass cutting, drain cleaning, culvert and
bridge cleaning as well as the maintenance of road furniture and bridge guardrails
maintenance, surface patching, edge repair, crack sealing, and line remarking, and also
on unpaved road grading, shaping, and pothole repairs.
(b) Bridge Maintenance: all maintenance works on bridges that aim to repair or restore the
bridge and its various components to the original specification. Upgrading by widening
or improving a bridge beyond its original design is a development activity and is not
included.
(c) Spot Improvement: maintenance works carried out on paved and unpaved roads on
short sections of roads in order to ensure a reasonable level of passability, and
comprises activities such as road surface repairs, embankment repairs, culvert and
drainage repairs, localised road reshaping and re-gravelling, and the construction of
diversions. Spot improvement is usually carried out on sections/locations where
accessibility is restricted/hampered due to washouts, poor soils, inadequate drainage
structure, etc.
(d) Emergency Works: All activities on paved and unpaved roads required to open or repair
roads or bridges after a natural or other unforeseen disaster such as landslides, falling
trees and boulders, major accidents with damage and blockage of the road and natural
events like floods. Such works are normally executed immediately following the
occurrence.
(e) Periodic Maintenance: Planned maintenance works carried out at intervals of several
years. Some activities included here are also referred to as preventative maintenance.
Typical activities on paved roads include resealing, overlays, and shoulder re-forming.
Pavement layer reconstruction or the addition of a pavement layer is not included here,
but under rehabilitation. Typical activities on unpaved roads include re-gravelling,
reshaping and cross-section reforming.
Applicable Standards
In the course of preparing the tender documents and programmes for the maintenance of the
district roads, the focus should be on provision of access. This is in line with the objectives of the
Local Government Transport Programme (LGTP). The standards of roads in the districts will be those
that will suffice for prevailing traffic level. Most of the districts roads have less than 20 vehicles per
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day and, therefore, often do not require gravel surfacing1. Well-maintained earth roads are
sufficient to cater for these levels of traffic.
Maintenance Timetable
The chart below shows the most appropriate timing for different steps in the procurement cycle and
implementation of road maintenance contracts. This applies to an area with one main rainy season
and needs to be adapted for areas with two rainy seasons.
TIMING FOR PREPARATION, PROCUREMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD MAINTENANCE
WORKS
Season
Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Financial Year months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Contract prep/sign:
Routine maintenance prep. sign
Spot Imp./Per.mtce. sign
Bridge and culverting works tend. sign
Contract implementation
Routine maintenance
Spot Imp./Per.mtce.
Bridge and culverting works
tenderprepare
tenderprepare
cool/dry
tender prepare
cool/dryrainswarm/dry
Layout of the Manual
Chapters 2 to 6 explain the different contracting systems and recommendations on where and how
they could apply; the advantages and disadvantages of each and the steps to be taken in the
preparation of the contracts. The Annexes contain the basic forms and wording that are necessary
for the different contracting systems. Other documents that have to be used in conjunction with this
Manual are mentioned wherever necessary.
1 World Bank’s Technical Note on Rural Transport and Community Driven Development – March 2003
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2 Conventional (Time Based) Contract
Description
This is an ad-measurement contract whose duration may vary between 2 to 6 months depending on
the scope of works to be undertaken. This type of contract is appropriate for executing works which
can be easily quantified and need to be carried out within a specified time. It is not ideal for routine
maintenance works.
Application
This type of contract is suitable for periodic maintenance, spot improvement or specific drainage
works (drains, culverts and bridge construction). The works could be on any class of road.
The standard documents issued by the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority are used when
inviting bids. The type of documents to be used will depend on the value of the works. The
documents available are:-
a) Standard Bidding Documents for Procurement of Smaller Works – National competitive
bidding;
b) Standard Invitation for Quotations for Procurement of Minor works (for works of value less
than the specified ceiling2).
The specifications for the works could be the Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges Version
2000 prepared by Ministry of Works or any other specifications that have been prepared for such
purposes.
Steps
� Visit the site(s) where the works are to be undertaken and decide the nature of works to be
carried out;
� accurately measure the quantities of work and prepare Bills of Quantities that are adhere
to the specifications;
� Prepare the ‘engineer’s estimates based on the realistic unit rates;
� Decide on the type of tender document to be used depending on project cost and taking
into account the regulations of the Public Procurement Act;
� Prepare tender documents and follow the procurement procedures to engage a contractor;
� Supervise the works and measure the completed works for payment purposes;
� Carry out a inspection and draw a snag list to be implemented by the contractor within the
defect liability period
� Carry out a final inspection and accept the works.
2 According to PPA the ceiling is TShs 100 million
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3 Framework Contract
Description
A ‘Framework Contract’ gives the client control over what needs to be carried out at any given time.
It is implemented as an ad-measurement contract with longer contract duration of up to 12 months.
Works are carried out by the contractor upon receiving a Site Instruction / Work Order from the
supervising engineer. The works to be executed under this type of contract may include all
maintenance works i.e. periodic, spot improvement and routine. The works are quantified and a
BOQ prepared covering the expected maintenance works to be undertaken during the duration of
the contract. Quantities of works of a repetitive nature are computed taking into account the
number of times such works will be undertaken e.g. quantities for vegetation control, pot hole filling,
de-silting of drains activity should allow for same work to be carried out twice or thrice over 12
months depending on the weather pattern of a particular location.
Application
Framework contracts may be used for road maintenance works of any nature and during any period
of the year. The system is more appropriate for maintaining the roads which are considered to be
part of the ‘core road network’ and which need regular attention. The advantages of this type of
contract are:-
a. the possibility of executing works of different nature depending on the weather, and
b. reduced number of procurements of contractors.
The work order system also gives the flexibility to vary the amount and timing of works depending
on the exact amount and timing of the road funds received in the council. The disadvantage is the
increased costs for supervision as more visits to the roads have to be undertaken (for preparing work
orders and inspection of executed works).
The standard documents issued by the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority contract are used
when inviting bids. The type of documents to be used will depend on the value of the works. The
documents available are:-
a) Standard Bidding Documents for Procurement of Smaller works – National
competitive bidding;
b) Standard Invitation for Quotations for Procurement of Minor works (for works of
value less than the specified ceiling)
The bidding documents issued by the PPRA have to be slightly modified to include a provision for
executing works upon receiving instructions from the supervisor. The following additions shall be
made in the tender documents:-
a) Instructions to Bidders:
i) Title of the Project shall read ‘Periodic/Spot/Routine Maintenance of following roads in …….
District and located in ………………. wards under Framework Contract:
1. ……………….
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2. ……………….. (insert names of the roads and their lengths)
ii) Clause 1.1 of the Instructions to Bidders shall read as follows:
The Procuring Entity (PE) indicated in the Bid Data Sheet (BDS) invites bids for the carrying out of
road maintenance works specified in the BDS and described in Section of Technical Specification. Bids
are invited for an estimated quantity of Works, as specified in BDS, under a framework contract
arrangement.
iii) Clause 1.2 of the Instructions to Bidders -shall read as follows
The successful Bidder will be expected to undertake the works during the period specified in the Bid
Data Sheet.
The following paragraphs shall be included in the part A of the ‘Instructions to Bidders’ to bring to
the attention of the bidders of this requirement:-
1. The works shall be executed following the issuance of periodic ‘work orders’ by the Engineer
according to maintenance needs and priorities. The work order shall indicate the works to be carried
out at specific road locations over a period of time. Works shall be scheduled by the District Engineer
using the ‘site instruction/work order’ form M-1 with details of the type and location of the work and
measurements of work to be carried out and recorded in ‘measurement’ form M-2.
2. Works shall be scheduled to cover a period of three (3) months. However, in exceptional cases, works
shall be scheduled for periods shorter than three (3) months.
b) General / Special Conditions of Contract:
The clauses relevant to ‘Construction and Installation of the Works’ shall include the following
statement –
‘Works shall be carried out intermittently upon receipt of a Site Instruction / Work Order from the supervisor
and be completed within the period stated in the Site Instruction / Work Order.
The clause on ‘Submission of Programme of Works’ shall state that the contractor shall submit a
Programme of Works for works ordered within seven days of receipt of a Site Instruction/Work
Order
The clause on ‘Defects Liability’ shall state that the defects liability periods’ duration will depend on
the works executed under each Site Instruction/Work Order.
Steps
� Visit the site(s) where the works are to be undertaken and decide the nature of works to be
carried out;
� accurately take measurements of the quantities of works for the different maintenance
interventions expected to be undertaken during the contract duration and prepare Bills of
Quantities which are related to the specifications;
� Prepare the ‘engineer’s estimates’ based on the realistic unit rates;
� Decide on type of tender document to be used depending on project cost and taking into
account the regulations of the Public Procurement Act. Include the paragraphs mentioned
above in the instructions to bidders and the conditions of contract;
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� Prepare tender documents and follow the procurement procedures to engage a contractor;
� After signing of the contract and handing the site to Contractor, prepare and issue the Site
Instructions/Work Orders bearing in mind the following:-
• Works shall be scheduled to cover a period of three (3) months. However, in
exceptional cases, works shall be scheduled for periods shorter than three (3)
months.
• The work instructions must preferably be handed to the contractor one to two
weeks prior to start of the particular works covered by the instruction, to enable the
contractor to make arrangements to commence work within any agreed start–up
date. The Contractor will be required to submit a work programme showing the
timing for execution of each work ordered.
• The spread and quantum of works per work order shall ensure that the contractor’s
resources are efficiently utilized.
• The activities shall be scheduled with due consideration to climatic and seasonal
conditions. It should be noted that some activities are preferably performed before
or after rainy seasons.
• Where appropriate, specify the activities that shall precede any particular activity. In
the execution of works, the sequencing of activities shall be adhered to.
� For activities requiring more than one (1) frequency, the scheduling shall be done taking into
consideration the duration of the contract and the timing of activities.
� Carry out a final inspection and acceptance of the works.
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4 Performance-Based Contract (PMMR/OPRC)
Description
This type of contract places the focus for maintenance works strongly on delivering a quality level-of-
service for road users. It reduces the cost of works, and is successful in committing adequate
maintenance funding over the longer-term. A priority core road network of at least 100 km length
could be adequately maintained over a long period using this system.
The contract prescribes the works that have to be undertaken to bring the road network to a
maintainable state, referred to as ‘improvement works’, and also specifies the ‘service levels’ which
define the required condition of the roads under the contract that the contractor has to sustain
when carrying out ‘maintenance works’ over the contract duration. If the contractor attains these
service levels he/she is paid a standard, agreed amount each month, irrespective of his actual
monthly inputs for any particular month. The duration of the contract could be up to one year.
These contracts are becoming popular due to following reasons:-
– Assured maintenance of roads for a longer period.
– Ability to manage the road network with fewer staff.
– More certainty over level of expenditure (minimal claims).
– Better road user satisfaction.
The table below shows advantages and disadvantages of this type of contract:
Entity /Group Advantages Disadvantages
PE/Councils – Reduced work load
– Predictable long term funding
– Improved transparency and
accountability
– Reduces maintenance costs in long
term
– Avoids claims from contractors
– Reduces the need for untimely
rehabilitation
– Ties up expenditure over
longer period
– Loss of flexibility
– New idea – Need to be
convinced
– Monthly payments can be
difficult to understand for
Council Management Team
and Councillors.
Contractors and
Consultants
– Guaranteed work over longer periods
– Provide good cash flow from regular
payments
– Opens opportunities for business
development
– New approach - fear of
increased risk and unknown
factors, leading to higher
costs
– Training on new procedures
Road users – Better and safer roads
– Consistent road conditions
– Reduced road user costs
– None
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Application
PMMR/OPRC contracts are suitable for carrying out a combination of periodic maintenance, spot
improvements and routine maintenance. The ‘improvement works’ could include periodic
maintenance and spot improvements depending on the condition of the targeted roads. The works
may be:
– Reshaping and gravelling of the carriageway
– Opening of drains (side, catch water and mitre)
– De-silting of drainage structures
– Provision of new drainage structures (including culverts)
– Spot improvement works
– Installing road signs
The ‘maintenance works’ that will ensure that the service levels are attained shall include:
– Fill up pot holes and depressions on carriageway using same material that is on the
carriageway
– Cleaning/de-silting of drainage structures
– Vegetation control
– Re-instate/repair damaged road signs.
For the ‘maintenance works’ the contractor is not instructed by the project manager to carry out
specific activities, but is free to decide how best to carry out the maintenance tasks to ensure that
the required Service Levels are maintained. If the contractor fails to attain the service levels, and
consistently maintain these standards over the duration of the contract, he/she will be penalised
with payment reductions taken from his monthly lump sum payments. The contractor, therefore,
has to plan his activities carefully because he is responsible for deciding what needs to be done,
when it needs to be done, how it is done and what resources are required.
The bidding documents adopted for this type of contract are the World Bank’s ‘Sample Bidding
Document for Procurement of Works and Services under Output and Performance based Contracts
and Sample Specifications – October 2006 (document bound separately).
Specifications for the ‘improvement works’ are the standard specifications for road works. Those for
‘maintenance works’ are entitled “Performance Specifications” that have been specially prepared for
this type of contract and are in two parts (Appendix 4). Part 1 discusses the concept of performance
based contracts and Part 2 describes the services to be provided.
Steps
� Visit the roads selected for this type of contract and identify and quantity the works to be
carried out to bring them to ‘maintainable’ levels i.e. improvement works;
� Prepare BoQ for the improvement works for each road and estimate the expected time for
completion of these works;
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� Define the performance/service levels to be attained by the contractor for incorporation in
section 2.2 ‘Specification for Service Quality Criteria’ ;
� Prepare the ‘engineer’s estimates’ based on realistic pre –determined unit rates;
� Prepare tender documents and follow the procurement procedures to engage a contractor;
� Carry out inspections as per contract, measure completed ‘improvement works’ and assess
the achievement in attaining the performance/service levels for the purpose of certification
of payments to the contractor. In assessing the attainment of the performance/service
levels, a form is completed (Appendix 2) and used in computing the achievements and the
monthly payment to be made to the contractor;
� Carry out a final inspection and acceptance of the works.
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5 Community Based Contracts
Description
Use of communities in road maintenance applies the concept of ‘people’s participation and
ownership’ and contributes to poverty alleviation in rural areas. By definition a Community is a
group of people who work together towards a common goal such as the improvement of their living
and working environment. The communities living alongside the district roads may be used in
carrying out routine maintenance of the roads in their vicinity when they are organised under the
village government or as a community based organisation (CBO) and they are paid for the service.
The routine maintenance activities required for district roads are predominantly labour intensive
and labour is abundant in the villages scattered along the roads in most parts of the country
The Tanzania Public Procurement Act 2004 accommodates community participation in procurement
through G.N. No. 97 clause 75, which reads as follows:-
The use of communities in road maintenance removes the necessity of transporting labour from long
distances. A feeling of ‘ownership’ of the roads by the communities will also be inculcated in the
minds of the people living alongside the roads.
This approach may be used on any of the roads in the Council area but are particularly suitable for
remote isolated hilly areas where it is difficult to get contractors and the nature of the terrain
demands continuous attendance to the drainage system and carriageway.
Application
When it is practical to use villagers in road maintenance (in areas where there are people living
alongside the roads) the Council could use two approaches in contracting the communities namely:-
75.-(1) Where in the interest of project sustainability or to achieve certain specific social objectives of
the project, it is desirable in selected project components to:
a) call for the participation of local communities or farmer groups; or
b) increase the utilization of local know – how and materials; or
c) employ labour intensive and other appropriate technologies,
The procurement procedures, specifications and contract packaging shall be suitably adapted as to reflect
such considerations.
2) The beneficiary community shall be responsible for the procurement activities under the project
component.
3) The project authorities shall have the responsibility to provide the necessary training and simple
standardised documents to the community to enable it to carry out the procurement function
in a manner acceptable to the Authority
4) The Authority shall issue relevant guidelines for community participation in procurement
proceedings.
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1. Engage villagers who have formed a community based organisation (CBO) whose objectives
will include maintaining roads, and
2. Engage a Village Government that will eventually organise villagers.
By using the Community Development Officers (CDOs), a Council may mobilise villagers to form a
CBO whose specific objective will be to maintain a road in their vicinity. There is a defined process
for registering CBOs (see Appendix 3).
The village government or a CBO will be allocated a section of road to maintain. It will identify the
people to work on the road section. There will be no tendering process for this type of contracting
and the Council will work out rates to be paid to the communities for carrying out routine
maintenance. The Council will enter into a simple contract with the village government/CBO
(Appendix 3) defining the works to be performed on the section of the road on a continuous basis
with services levels to be attained. The contract will also allow for purchase of working tools by the
Council in consultation with the CBO or village government workers for use by the villagers in the
maintenance works. The costs of tools will be recovered through deductions of monies from
payments due to the villagers.
The advantages of using communities in road maintenance are lower costs compared to contractors
and creating the ‘ownership’ of the roads to the villagers who in turn will provide protection from
those who misuse the roads or vandalise road assets. The possible disadvantage is that the villagers
could be attracted to work opportunities that pay more when these come to the villages and they
could then negect the road maintenance works.
Before starting the process of contracting communities, there will be a need for adequate
sensitisation of all parties (district authorities, village governments, communities) on the concept.
The villagers have to be trained on essentials of road maintenance (2-3 days should be adequate for
this).
The Council technical staff will inspect the roads on regular basis to verify whether the maintenance
works have been carried out satisfactorily before the villagers are paid their monthly payments.
Steps
� Present the concept to the council management team (CMT) and Council Tender Board
(CTB) obtain their endorsement for applying this system;
� Identify which roads can be contracted to communities after analysing the availability of
people who are keen and capable to work on roads. Lengths of the road sections could
range from 5km to 30km;
� Visit the villages alongside the roads and discuss with the village government and villagers to
ascertain their willingness to work on roads;
� Decide on what system to use (village government or CBO) depending on outcome of these
discussions;
� Council community development officers and legal advisors to mobilise the village
governments to set a system for engaging villagers or villagers to form CBOs. The villagers
have to be sensitised on the contracts and the obligations of the different parties;
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� Process procurement of the necessary working tools. The quantity will depend on the length
of road and the terrain (as guide see Appendix 3 for a typical list, specifications and
quantities for different lengths/terrain);
� Conclude contracts with village government / CBO and hand over working tools;
� Train the villagers on essentials of road maintenance;
� Closely monitor the performance of the villagers during the first few months and advise
accordingly;
� Inspect the maintenance works on regular basis for the purpose of certification of monthly
payments;
� Ensure prompt monthly payments.
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Appendix 2 Standard Documents/Templates (PMMR/OPRC)
OUTPUT AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS
PART 1.Basic Concepts of Output- and Performance-Based Road Contracts
1. Introduction
Performance-based contracting for the management and maintenance of road networks is a
relatively new concept for Tanzania designed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of road
maintenance operations. It is designed to ensure that the physical condition of the roads under
contract is adequate for the needs of road users over the entire period of the contract - which can
be several years. This type of contract significantly expands the role of the Contractor, from the
simple execution of works to the management and conservation of road assets.
In traditional contracts for maintenance works, the Contractor is responsible for the execution of
works which are normally defined by the Road Authority or the Employer, and the Contractor is paid
on the basis of unit prices for different work items, i.e. a contract based on "inputs" to the works.
While this modality often brings improvement over force-account maintenance practices, the results
are in many cases still less-than-optimal.
Under this traditional way of "contracting out" maintenance works, it has been observed that even if
a lot of work is carried out and much money is spent, the overall service quality for the road user
depends on the quality of the design given to the Contractor who is not accountable for it and the
results are sometimes not satisfactory.
The Output and Performance-Based Road Maintenance Contract tries to address the issue of
inadequate incentives. During the bidding process, contractors compete among each other by
proposing a fixed monthly lump-sum fee per km of road to be paid to them. It is important to
understand that contractors are not paid directly for "inputs" or physical works (which they will
undoubtedly have to carry out), but for "outputs," i.e. the initial rehabilitation of the road to pre-
defined standards (if so required by the bidding documents), the maintenance service of ensuring
certain quality levels on the roads under contract and specific improvements (if so required by the
bidding documents).
The monthly lump-sum remuneration paid to the Contractor covers all physical and non-physical
maintenance services to be provided, except for unforeseen emergency works which are
remunerated separately. The Initial Improvement Works which have been explicitly specified by the
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Employer in the contract are quoted on the basis of measurable output quantities and paid as
performed. Other initial works considered necessary by the Contractor to bring roads to the
required service levels are included in the lump sum price for maintenance services and paid in
relation to the Contractor's performance.
1.2 Payment linked to performance
Maintaining a road network includes routine and periodic tasks. Routine maintenance consists of
different operations undertaken frequently to maintain the function of the road (such as grading,
pothole repairs, cleaning of drainage, cutting of vegetation, etc.).
Periodic maintenance consists of predictable and more costly measures of a less frequent nature
designed to avoid road degradation (such as reshaping and regravelling etc.) Intelligent
management, the timeliness of interventions and the adequacy of technical solutions are critical.
Road conditions can be expressed through service quality indicators, and these are used under the
performance-based contract to define and measure the desired performance of the Contractor. In
the Performance-Based Management and Maintenance Contracts, the service level indicators are
thus the accepted minimum thresholds for the quality of the roads for which the Contractor is
responsible. In order to be entitled to the monthly payment for maintenance services, the
Contractor must ensure that the roads under contract comply with the required service quality
levels specified in the contract document.
The agreed monthly payment for maintenance works and services is made to the Contractor if he
has complied, during the month for which the payment is to be made, with the agreed service
quality levels on the road network under contract. Together with his monthly invoice, the
Contractor will report the result of his own evaluation of compliance with the required service
levels, based on his own monitoring system, which is mandatory. His statement is then verified by
the Employer (The Council) or his representative (Council Engineer or supervision consultant)
through inspections. If the service quality levels are not met payments are reduced, based on a
schedule given in the contract. Payments may even be suspended, and the contract cancelled, if the
contractor fails during an extended period to achieve certain minimum threshold values of service
levels. The contract describes the formulas used to calculate payment reduction and potential
contract suspensions.
It is possible that during some months, particularly during rainy seasons, a substantial amount of
physical works will be needed in order to comply with the required service levels and very little work
during other dry months. Yet the monthly payment remains the same as long as the required service
levels are complied with.
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1.3 Service Quality Levels
Service quality levels are defined from a road user's perspective and are grouped into four
categories:
1. Accessibility
2. Average Travel Speed
3. Ride Quality and
4. Road Durability
If the service quality is not achieved in any given month, the payment for that month is reduced or,
in the case of prolonged non-compliance, even suspended. So under the performance-based
contract, the Contractor has a strong financial incentive to be efficient. In order to maximize profits,
he must reduce his activities to the smallest possible extent through careful planning and resource
management, but which nevertheless ensure that pre-defined outputs (measured indicators of
service level) are achieved and maintained over time.
1.4 Management aspects
Output and Performance Based Road Contracts (OPRC) require Contractors with good management
capacity. Here, ' management' means the capability to define, optimize and carry out in a timely
fashion the physical interventions which are needed in the short, medium and long term, in order to
guarantee that the roads remain above the agreed service quality levels. In other words, within the
contract limitations and those required to comply with local legislation, technical performance
specifications and environmental and social regulations. The Contractor is entitled to independently
define: - (i) what to do, (ii) where to do it, (iii) how to do it, and (iv) when to do it.
The role of the Council Engineer is to manage the contract by verifying compliance with the agreed
service levels as well as all other relevant legislation and regulations.
Under the terms of the contract, the Contractor is responsible for the continuous monitoring and
control of road conditions and the service levels for all roads or road sections included in the
contract. This is not only necessary to fulfil the contract requirements, but is an activity which
provides the Contractor with the information needed to (i) know the degree of his own compliance
with service level requirements, and (ii) define and plan, in a timely fashion, all physical
interventions required to assure that service quality indicators never fall below the indicated
thresholds.
The Employer (i.e. the Council or Council Engineer) does not issue instructions to the Contractor
regarding the type and volume of works to be carried out. Instead, the Contractor has to decide
what to do and the most efficient way of doing it to achieve the required service quality levels. Thus
the Contractor is encouraged to seek efficiency gains, as mentioned earlier, but also to try out new
techniques after consulting the District Engineer
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1.5 Design by Contractor
One fundamental feature of the performance-based contract is that the Contractor is responsible
for designing and carrying out the actions he believes are necessary in order to comply with the
service quality levels stated in the contract. Procurement requires good technical preparation to
ensure bidders have adequate technical information on actual road conditions. If Initial Works are
required, the Employer needs to define the level of quality (or standard) to be achieved by the
Contractor for delivery and completion during this initial phase of the contract. If improvement
works are sought, a well-designed bill of quantities defining specific outputs for bidders to price and,
later on, allow measurement and payment to the Contractor, is important. Although impossible to
quantify in advance, provision for Emergency Works is advisable.
An important area requiring careful consideration is the definition of the Initial Works needed to
bring roads up to a standard where performance based maintenance can be sensibly applied. The
Employer will give the scope of the work required in the bidding documents, but the Contractor will
make his own independent assessment and price this in the conventional way. However, the
Employer will set a limit on the proportion of Initial Works that can be included in the total price for
Initial Maintenance Services combined. This is to limit the possibility of Contractors distributing risk
away from the performance based maintenance part of the contract.
If Initial Improvement Works are not specified in the bidding document, it does not mean that the
roads in the contract are necessarily already at the required standards. In some cases the Contractor
may consider the estimates made by the Employer inadequate for achieving the required service
quality levels. The Contractor himself is required to determine the exact nature of the works, their
timing, their cost and the method to be used for their execution and make adequate provision in his
bid.
The Contractor is paid according to his ability to meet the service levels over the timescale given for
compliance in the contract.
1.6 Bid pricing
Bidders present financial offers for:
(i) the improvement works (if so required and for the improvements indicated in the bidding
documents) in the form of unit prices for outputs of each type of improvement works; payments for
improvements are made in accordance with quoted unit prices for those outputs; and
(ii) the maintenance services in the form of a monthly lump-sum payment demanded by the bidder
according to the conditions of contract. This lump-sum also includes Initial Improvement Works
considered necessary by the bidder but not already covered in (i) above. The lump-sum for
maintenance services is a monthly amount applicable throughout the duration of the contract;
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1.8 Potential benefits of Performance-based contracts
The beneficiaries of the new concept are the road users, the Road Authority (Local Council), and the
contractors or other private sector enterprises. In a wider sense, future generations will benefit
from a better preservation of past investments in roads. Road users are in a better position to know
the service level they can expect in receipt for the payments they make for the use of the
infrastructure.
The Road Authority should benefit by obtaining better overall road conditions at the same level of
expenditures. For contractors and other private sector enterprises, the new type of contracts should
open up new business opportunities, in which longer contract periods provide a more stable
business environment. But it may be the future generations who will perhaps benefit most, since
they will not have to pay for the reconstruction of roads destroyed because of a lack of maintenance
today.
It is expected that the use of performance-based contracts will bring significant efficiency gains, and
stimulate innovation in comparison with traditional road maintenance practices.
PART 2: Description of Services to be Provided
2.1 General Specifications
2.1.1 Scope of Services to be provided
Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 7 of the contract, the services to be provided by the
Contractor include all activities, physical or others, which the Contractor needs to, carry out, in
order to comply with the Service Levels and other output and performance criteria indicated under
the contract, or with any other requirements of the contract. In particular, they include
management tasks and physical works associated with the following road-related assets and items:
• Road surface
• Drainage structures
• Vegetation control
• Slopes (cuts and embankments)
2.1.2 Description of the project area
The project roads are in (name of council) and the network to be covered will comprise of the roads
(mention the area where the roads are). (Name of council) covers an area of ………….sq km with an
estimated population of………..people (2012). (Provide a brief on weather, rainfall pattern, and
important physical features of the council including the major economic activities).
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The road network under the jurisdiction of the (name of council) totals …….km of which .....km are
urban roads, …………..km are district roads and ………km are feeder roads.
2.1.3 Description of the Roads included in Contract
The roads included in the contract are the following:
1) ………………………….. (km)
2) ……………………
3) ……………………..
[Provide detailed listing of roads and/or road sections included in the contract, with precise
description of the beginning and end of each section].
2.1.4 Reference Information
As a general reference, the information shown below is provided to the Bidder. The Employer
provides this information to the best of his knowledge, but does not guarantee its correctness, and
the Contractor may not make any claim based on potential errors or omissions in the information
provided.
Motorised Traffic levels and composition
Information has been provided in ranges based on qualitative assessments made in from (mention
period e.g. June to August 20…). No traffic counts have been taken. The volumes of traffic on these
roads are very low and usually less than …..vehicles per day. The traffic is mainly composed of light
goods vehicles and Non-Motorised Transport.
Travel width
The current travel width of the roads under this project range from 3.5m to 4.5m.
Road Condition and Surface Type
The roads are mostly of earth standard with sections that have been spot gravelled. Their conditions
differ from bad to good.
2.1.5 Design Criteria for Improvement Works
All Improvement Works shall be designed to make the roads passable and ensure basic access for
the most of the year.
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2.1.6 Improvement Works to be carried out by Contractor
All works necessary to bring roads to required service levels fall within the scope of Initial
Improvement Works or maintenance services.
Based on an assessment of road conditions in (state month/year), the Employer has estimated that
the following Initial Improvement works will be required:
• Light reshaping and spot gravelling : (insert distance in km here)
• Culvert repairs and culvert extensions: (Insert length in Metres)
• Installation of new culverts (insert numbers 60cm or 90cm)
• Potholes filling (area in metres)
• Bush clearing
• Vegetation control
• Grass weeding
Costs for other works needed to bring roads to the required service levels, not included in the item
for Initial Improvement Works, shall be included in the lump sum price for Maintenance Services.
Contractors are solely responsible for estimating the type and quantity of additional Initial
Improvement Works. During the execution of the contract, the Contractor shall not be entitled to
make claims for any improvement works not foreseen at the time of bid preparation.
The time for completion of the improvement works varies from road to road in relation to the
schedule for compliance with service level criteria as shown in the compliance.
2.1.6.1 List of Documents Related to Improvement Works
The following documents are specified in accordance with sub-clause 8.4.1 of the GCC:
1. Strip maps showing the locations where the improvement works will be required;
2. Specifications for Improvement works.
2.1.6.2 Payment for Improvement Works
The Improvement Works indicated above will be remunerated based on the unit prices shown in the
Bill of Quantities. The Contractor will invoice Improvement Works as part of the Monthly Statements
and in accordance with the Improvement Works actually carried out and measured by unit prices as
stated in the Bill of Quantities.
2.1.7 Quality of Materials to be used
Notwithstanding the provisions of Clause 30 of the GCC, the materials used by the Contractor shall
comply with specifications to be used for Improvement works.
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2.1.9 Self-Control Unit of Contractor
In conformity with sub-clause 25.2 of the GCC, the Contractor is obliged to establish, within his own
organizational structure, a specific Unit staffed with qualified personnel, whose task is to verify
continuously the degree of compliance by the Contractor with the required Service Levels. The Self
Control Unit is also responsible for undertaking the quality control testing required for Improvement
Works.
The Self Control Unit is responsible for the generation and presentation of the information needed
by the Contractor for the documentation required for the Monthly Statement. In general terms, the
Unit will be responsible to maintain at all times a detailed and complete knowledge of the condition
of the roads or road sections included in the contract and to provide to the management of the
Contractor all the information needed in order to efficiently manage and maintain the roads
included in the contract. The Self-control Unit is also obliged to carry out, in close collaboration with
the Project Manager3, the formal and scheduled inspections of Service Levels which will take place
regularly.
The compliance (non-compliance) of the Contractor with service level requirements will be reported
by the Self-Control Unit to the Project Manager in the form of tables as specified in the standard
tables below.
2.1.10 Functions of Key Personnel
The Contractor will provide as a minimum the following key personnel:
• Site Agent – An experienced engineer to oversee all contractual and operational functions of
the contract.
• Road Engineer/technician – An engineer or experienced technician to head the self-control
unit and direct and oversee the day-to-day planning and site operations of the contract
including staff and public safety issues, the free flow of traffic, liaising with the public and
reporting to the project manager. He will also decide what works have to be carried out and
supervise the labour force to ensure quality and adherence to the service levels, as well as
the duties described in A2.1.5. Specification of Service Quality Criteria
2.1.11 Specification of Service Quality Criteria
For the purposes of this contract, same service levels are required for all roads.
2.1.12 Methods of Inspection of Service Levels
a) Formal Inspections of Service Levels
Formal inspections will be carried out jointly by the Project Manager and the Road
Engineer/technician at the end of each month. The main purpose of the formal inspections is to
enable the Project Manager to verify the information presented in the Contractor’s Monthly
3 Note that the Project Manager will usually be the Council Engineer.
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Statement with the actual observed and measured conditions on the site. The Project Manager will
prepare a brief Memorandum describing;
(i) the general circumstances of the site visit, including date, road sections visited,
persons present, etc.,
(ii) any non-compliance which may have been detected, and
(iii) the time granted by the Project Manager to the Contractor to remedy the detected
defects. Based on the outcome of the formal inspection, the Project Manager will
correct any possible errors or misrepresentations in the Contractor’s statement,
countersign it and present it to the Employer for payment, and to the Contractor for
information.
Formal inspections will also be scheduled for the follow-up site visits, whose purpose is to verify if
the Contractor has remedied the causes of earlier non-compliance, within the time frame granted by
the Project Manager and specified in the Memorandum.
b) Informal Inspections of Service Levels
The Project Manager may carry out informal inspections of Service Levels as part of his general
mandate given to him by the Employer. He may do so on his own initiative, at anytime and
anywhere on the roads included in the contract. If he detects any road sections where the Service
Level criteria are not met, he is obliged to inform the Contractor within 24 hours in writing, in order
to enable the Contractor to take remedial action as soon as possible. The results of informal
inspections may not be used by the Project Manager for purposes of correcting the Contractor’s
monthly statements or applying penalties, except for cases in which the traffic flow on the road has
been completely interrupted.
2.1.13 Timetable for Compliance with Service Level Requirement
In order to respect the Contractor’s initial mobilization period, compliance with the service levels
will be introduced gradually as shown in Table A2.2.
Table A2.2 Timetable for Compliance with Service Level Requirements
Contract
Month
Road Safety
Compliance
required on % of
contract road
Road Usability
Compliance
requirement on % of
contract road
Durability
Compliance
required on % of
contract road
1 50 50 50
2 100 75 75
3 100 100 100
4 onwards 100 100 100
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2.2 Specification for Service Quality Criteria
2.2.1 Usability of the Road
The Contractor shall ensure that the road is open to traffic and free of interruptions at all times.
Vehicles should not have to stop at any point and engage first gear (except for non-road related
reasons). Permitted exceptions are:
• the interruption of traffic following an accident or breakdown which renders the road
impassable to other road users. However, in such situation the Contractor is required to act
quickly to restore traffic flow within 6 hours
• the closure of the road due to localized flooding at a drift, bridge or culvert location during
the flood event itself, up to the moment when water depth has receded below road level.
2.2.2 Average Traffic Speed and Road User Comfort
The Contractor has to ensure that a vehicle of the type Toyota Hilux Double Cabin Pick-up, 2.8D or
equivalent is able to circulate at a safe speed of 40kph. Ruts and potholes should not have depths of
more than 10cm.
2.2.3 Durability Measures
Drainage
In general terms, the Contractor shall ensure that all drainage elements and structures are without
obstructions which may reduce their normal cross-section and impede the free flow of water.
The Service Level requirements for drainage systems and drainage structures are shown in Table
A2.4. Compliance will be determined by Visual Inspection.
Table A2.4 Service Levels for Drainage
Item Service Level Time Allowed for Repairs and Tolerances
Permitted
Side drains, ditches,
mitre drains and
unlined vertical drains
Must be clean and free of obstacles Tolerance permitted:
Siltation/Obstructions must less than 50mm
in depth.
Siltation/Obstructions must be cleared
within 7 days after detection.
Damages must be repaired within 3 weeks
after detection.
Culverts and access
drifts
Must be clean and free of obstacles
and without structural damage. Must
be firmly contained by surrounding
soil or material.
As above
Scour checks and
other erosion
Must be de-silted, structurally sound
and firmly contained in surrounding
As above
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protection structures soil or material.
Vegetation
This section specifies the Service Levels to be complied with in the case of vegetation growing within
the right-of-way/ road reserve.
Vegetation is to be controlled to the heights, at the locations and with the restrictions as set out in
Table A2.5. Compliance will be measured with a tape measure.
Table A2.5 Vegetation Control Types
Type Height (mm) Features applied to:
1. Vegetation Free Zone. 0 Carriageway, shoulders and structures.
2. Inner vegetation zone: from
edge of shoulders to back of side
drain/ditch or 2m away from
edge of shoulder on straights and
outside of curves, and 5m on the
inside of curves. Also control of
vegetation around street
furniture and other features.
25 (min) to 150
(max)
Road verges and large vegetated areas, including
surface water channels with longitudinal gradients ≥
3%. Also vegetation control around:
• Marker posts
• Signposts
• Bridge and culvert markers
• Guardrails
• Bridge abutments
• Cross culvert ends and headwalls
• Inner side drains
3. Outer vegetation zone,
excluding zone 2.
50 (min) to 300
(max)
Bush clearing and vegetation control around:
• Marker posts
• Access culvert ends and headwalls
• Outer side drains
• Channels with gradients ≤ 3%.
4. Growth encroaching into
Vegetation Free Zone from the
side or top.
Must be removed
if within 5m above
the road surface.
Applies to vegetation control including trees, scrub or
branches hanging over the zone.
Structures
The Contractor is responsible for the routine maintenance of all head walls/wing walls and similar
structures along the contract road.
2.2.4 Variations and Gradual Compliance with Service Levels
In order to respect the Contractor’s initial mobilization period, compliance with any of the service
level criteria is not expected until: after sixty (60) days after contract signing.
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The following table summarizes the variations and gradual compliance requirements with service
levels over time:
TIMETABLE
Timetable of compliance with Service Level requirements
No. months
since
beginning of
Contract
Usability of the road(s)
Compliance required on
(% of total length of
roads under contract)
Average Traffic Speed
Minimum safe traffic
speed which can be
maintained
(in Km/h)
Road User Comfort
Compliance required
on
(% of total length of
roads under contract)
Durability of the road(s)
Compliance required on
(% of total length of roads
under contract)
1 and 2 No minimum set No minimum set No minimum set No minimum set
3 to 5 100 40 50 50
6 until End of
contract
period
100 40 100 100
2.2.5 Means used for Inspection of Service Levels
For the formal inspections of compliance with Service Levels, the Contractor’s Self-control Unit will
work in close collaboration with, and under supervision of the Project Manager. The physical means
needed for the inspections will be provided by the Contractor; they are the same which are normally
used by the Self-control Unit for the continuous self-evaluation of the Contractor’s compliance, in
particular:
(a) Vehicles of the following type: Toyota Hilux Double Cabin Pick-up, 2.8D or equivalent. The
vehicle must be in good condition and must be in conformity with its original factory
specifications, without any alterations which would change its driving characteristics.
(b) Qualified and support staff including the Contractors Road Engineer/Technician responsible
for the Self-control Unit plus two helpers.
(c) All tools and instruments needed, as indicated in the paragraphs describing the
methodologies for inspection.
2.2.6 Methodologies to be used for Assessing Service Levels
(a) Usability of the Road(s): There is no particular testing method for the usability of a road,
other than driving on the road in a normal manner, utilizing the type of vehicle indicated in the
previous paragraph. The condition is not complied with if the road is interrupted at any point. The
condition is however complied with if it is possible to continue to drive on the road, and without the
vehicle suffering any damage caused by the bad condition of the road.
[Note: For example, if the vehicle hits an obstacle on the road surface which causes damage to the
exhaust system, the conditions is obviously not complied with. On the other hand, if there is a
landslide which covers one half of the road, but it is easily possible to pass the area on the other side
of the road, the condition is complied with.]
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(b) Average Traffic Speed: When verifying the Average Traffic Speed, the first step is to define
the road sections to be tested. The lengths of the test sections should be equivalent to at least one
half hour driving time (e.g. 20 km lengths for a required average speed of 40 km/h). The second step
is to travel on the defined test section in a normal and safe fashion, in the vehicle provided by the
Contractor and driven by a driver provided by the Contractor. The driver must at all times respect
the traffic regulation, in particular speed limits. The time of unforeseen stops which are unrelated to
the road condition (such as checkpoints, breakdowns or other incidents) is to be deducted from the
overall travel time. Except for normal and obligatory slowdowns and stops (at intersections, speed
limits, stop signs, pedestrian crossings, village crossings, etc.), the travel speed should never be
constrained by road conditions to less than a certain minimum speed given in the contract, and the
average travel speed which can be maintained on the defined road section should be above the
threshold value which is given in the Summary Table further below in the Technical Specifications.
In any case, the safety of the passengers of the test vehicle, as well as the safety of other road users,
must never be put in danger. The judgment of whether a speed is safe or not is left to the Project
Manager.
At the end of the test, the vehicle used must not have suffered any mechanical damage due to the
speed of travel, which may have been excessive given the condition of the tested road section. If the
vehicle has suffered such damage, the test is negative and the service level has not been complied
with.
(c) Rut and pothole depth: Rut and pothole depth is one of the criteria for “Road User
Comfort”. They will be checked at road sections selected by the Project Manager based on visual
appearance. Measurement is carried out by placing a ruler or straight edge (two metres long) on the
road surface, placed at any angle on the road by the Project Manager, and measuring the space
between the ruler/straight edge and the lowest point of the rut.
The maximum rut/pothole depth will be recorded and if this exceeds the criteria for rut depth stated
in the Summary Table below, the one-kilometre section in which the ruts are located will be judged
non-compliant.
d) Drainage
The cleanliness and condition of drainage structures (including ditches, Irish crossings and all other
types of drainage devices) where they will be existing, is part of the criteria for the “Durability of the
Road”. It is verified on a regular basis, in particular before and during the rainy season. The drainage
structures to be verified are determined by the Project Manager. Inspection is done visually.
The basic principle used to determine the cleanliness of drainage structures or devices is “the
percentage of the theoretical cross-section of the structure or device which is unobstructed”. This
percentage is specified in the Summary Table above. For a one km road section, the cleanliness of
drainage ditches must be verified at least on two subsections of 50 metres each.
For any one km section of the road, compliance with this criterion requires that (i) all drainage
structures are clean in the sense defined above; (ii) all structures and devices are structurally sound,
based on the judgment of the Project Manager.
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e) Vegetation
The height of vegetation, and its clearance above the road surface, is part of the criteria for the
“Road User Comfort”. They will be measured at road sections selected by the Project Manager
based on their visual appearance. The height is measured by using a ruler; it is defined as the
vertical distance between the ground and the highest point of the vegetation. Clearance is also
measured with a ruler; it is defined as the distance between the lowest point of the tree (or other
plant) above the road surface.
The maximum height of vegetation should not be greater than 30cm at any section selected by the
Project Manager.
For any one km section of road, compliance with this criterion requires that the vegetation height
measured within the section of one km is below the maximum value stated in the contract.
(f) Other surface degradations: Other surface degradations are part of the criteria for “Road
User Comfort”. They will be measured at road sections selected by the Project Manager based on
their visual appearance. Individual surface degradations (such as potholes) are measured by using a
standard ruler. The “equivalent diameter” is defined as the average of the greatest dimension of the
degradation and a second measurement taken at right angles to the first.
For any one km of road, compliance with this criterion requires that (i) no individual surface
degradation (other than ruts and corrugation) has an “equivalent diameter” of more than the
maximum value specified and (ii) the number of individual degradations on a one km section is less
than the threshold specified value shown in the Summary Table below.
(g) Useable road surface width: The useable road surface width is part of the criteria for the
“Durability of the Road”. It will be measured at road sections selected by the Project Manager based
on their visual appearance, in particular at places where erosions or other degradations exist which
restrict the useful width of the road. The useful width is measured by using a measuring tape and/or
rulers.
For any one km section of the road, the Project Manager will select one 50-metre subsection where
the measurement will take place. Within that subsection, the Project Manager will select on each
side of the road the individual degradation which constitutes the largest restriction of the useable
surface. For each of those two points, he will then measure the distance (L) between the theoretical
edge of the useable road surface (based on the useable road width specified in the contract) and the
innermost point of the degradation, obtaining two values (L1 and L2). The actual useable road
surface width is obtained by subtracting (L1 + L2) from the theoretical road surface width specified
in the contract. (Refer to diagram below). If either of these criteria is exceeded the one-kilometre
section in which they are located will be judged non-compliant.
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Road
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
27
For any one km section of road, compliance with this criterion requires that there is no sub-section
of 50 metres in which the actual useful width (shown as W in the drawing) is less than the width
specified in the Summary Table below, minus the tolerance allowed as indicated in the Summary
Table.
2.3 Program of Performance
In accordance with clause 17.2 of the GCC, the Contractor shall submit a Program of Performance
within twenty-one (21) days after the signing the contract agreement.
2.4 Monthly Statement
The Monthly Statement to be submitted in accordance with sub-clause 49.1 shall have the format
shown in the next page.
The compliance (or non-compliance) of the Contractor will be reported by the Self-control Unit to
the Project Manager in the form of tables for which a mandatory standard format is adopted. There
is one table for each road or road section. The tables are part of the Contractor’s monthly
statement, and they may be complemented by comments for which a specific format is not
required. The format of the mandatory standard table is shown in the Table below.
Imp
rov
ed
Ma
inte
na
nce
Sy
ste
ms
for
Dis
tric
t R
oa
ds
Ro
ad
Ma
inte
na
nce
Co
ntr
act
ing
Ma
nu
al
28
Mo
nth
ly S
tate
me
nt
for
Co
ntr
act
C
on
tra
ct N
am
e
Co
ntr
act
Mo
nth
: 1
2 (
Se
pte
mb
er
20
..)
Ro
ad
or
roa
d s
ect
ion
: R
oa
d A
an
d R
oa
d B
Re
qu
ire
d S
erv
ice
Le
vel
Ve
ry G
oo
d
Len
gth
of
roa
d a
t re
qu
ire
d s
erv
ice
le
vel
(km
) 3
4.8
Se
rvic
e L
ev
el
Cri
teri
a
Re
qu
ire
d
com
pli
an
ce
Act
ua
l co
mp
lia
nce
N
on
-co
mp
lia
nce
P
ay
me
nt
Re
du
ctio
n
Ta
rge
t K
m 1
C
om
pli
an
ce c
rite
ria
R
oa
d A
R
oa
d B
To
tal
len
gth
com
pli
an
t
(km
) 2
Len
gth
no
n-
com
pli
an
t (3
)
(1-2
)
% P
ay
me
nt
red
uct
ion
(4)
Km
(5 =
3x4
)
1.
Ro
ad
Usa
bil
ity
1
00
%
34
.8
Inte
rru
pti
on
to
tra
ffic
(k
m d
ay
s)
10
0%
1
00
%
34
.8
0
1%
Su
b t
ota
l
0
0
2 A
vera
ge
Tra
ffic
Sp
ee
d
40
kp
h
A
vera
ge
sp
ee
d (
pe
r 5
kp
h b
elo
w
targ
et)
60
kp
h
60
kp
h
34
.8
0
1%
Su
b t
ota
l
0
0
3.
Du
rab
ilit
y
38
%
13
.2
Ve
ge
tati
on
he
igh
t
Ve
ge
tati
on
cle
ara
nce
Use
ab
le r
oa
d w
idth
Lon
git
ud
ina
l p
rofi
le
Dra
ina
ge
18
18
6
No
t
eva
lua
ted
12
16
.8
16
.8
3
this
mo
nth
7
34
.8
34
.8
9
34
.8
19
0.0
0
0.0
0
4.2
2
0.0
0
0.0
0
25
%
25
%
10
%
10
%
50
%
Su
b t
ota
l
0
0
0.4
2
0
0
0.4
2
T
OT
AL
2.2
7
Le
ng
th i
n k
m f
or
pa
ym
en
t a
t th
is s
erv
ice
le
vel
this
mo
nth
: 3
2.5
3
Pa
ym
en
t S
um
ma
ry –
Co
ntr
act
OP
RC
/1
Co
ntr
act
mo
nth
:12
Se
rvic
e L
ev
el
Ne
two
rk
km
Pe
na
lty
km
Km
fo
r p
ay
me
nt
this
mo
nth
VE
RY
GO
OD
3
4.8
2
.27
3
2.5
3
GO
OD
8
7.1
5
.62
8
1.4
8
FA
IR
99
.6
7.3
0
92
.3
TO
TA
L 2
21
.5
16
.19
2
06
.31
To
tal
pa
ym
en
t d
ue
th
is m
on
th
Ra
te p
er
km
x k
m f
or
pa
ym
en
t
Imp
rov
ed
Ma
inte
na
nce
Sy
ste
ms
for
Dis
tric
t R
oa
ds
Ro
ad
Ma
inte
na
nce
Co
ntr
act
ing
Ma
nu
al
29
Ta
ble
2.2
.2
ST
AN
DA
RD
RE
PO
RT
ING
TA
BLE
FO
R C
OM
PLI
AN
CE
WIT
H S
ER
VIC
E L
EV
ELS
(fo
r u
np
av
ed
ro
ad
s)
Co
ntr
act
No
.:
……
……
……
……
..
Da
te o
f in
spe
ctio
n:
……
……
….
Co
ntr
act
or:
…
……
……
……
…..
P
ers
on
s p
rese
nt
:
Ro
ad
se
ctio
n:
……
……
……
……
..
CR
ITE
RIA
SE
CT
ION
S
RO
AD
US
ER
CO
MF
OR
T
DU
RA
BIL
ITY
OF
TH
E R
OA
D
SU
B-C
RIT
ER
ION
Fro
m
To
C
om
pli
ed
wit
h
No
t co
mp
lie
d w
ith
C
om
pli
ed
wit
h
No
t co
mp
lie
d w
ith
N
OT
CO
MP
LIE
D W
ITH
[s
pe
cify
] [s
pe
cify
] [i
nse
rt c
ross
"X
" o
r le
ave
em
pty
]
[in
sert
cro
ss "
X"
or
lea
ve
em
pty
]
[in
sert
cro
ss "
X"
or
lea
ve
em
pty
]
[in
sert
cro
ss "
X"
or
lea
ve
em
pty
]
[sp
eci
fy s
ub
-cri
teri
on
no
t co
mp
lie
d w
ith
]
Usa
bil
ity
of
the
Ro
ad
: …
……
……
….
[in
sert
"co
mp
lie
d w
ith
" o
r "n
ot
com
pli
ed
wit
h"]
T
raff
ic S
pe
ed
: …
……
.……
. [I
nse
rt "
com
pli
ed
wit
h"
or
"no
t co
mp
lie
d w
ith
"]
….
…..
km
/h [
inse
rt a
vera
ge
sp
ee
d m
ea
sure
d,
if a
vail
ab
le]
Pre
pa
red
by
Co
ntr
act
or’
s Se
lf-C
on
tro
l U
nit
C
ert
ifie
d b
y E
mp
loy
er
or
his
ag
en
t
……
……
……
……
……
……
….…
……
. [S
ign
atu
re]
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
……
. [S
ign
atu
re]
INS
PE
CT
ION
OF
SE
RV
ICE
LE
VE
LS F
OR
TH
E M
ON
TH
OF
……
……
……
……
.20
…
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
30
2.6 Procedures for Inspection
The visual inspection will be undertaken as part of the Formal and Informal inspections. The criteria
for Service Levels will be checked at sections selected by the Project Manager based on visual
appearance. The Project Manager shall be the sole judge of compliance. If a specified criterion is not
met, the one-kilometre section in which the deficit occurs will be judged non-compliant.
2.7 Payment Reductions and Liquidated Damages
In accordance with the relevant clauses of the Conditions of Contract, Payment Reductions are
applied in case of non-compliance with Service Level requirements, while Liquidated Damages are
applied in the case of non-compliance with required Repair, Maintenance and Emergency Works.
The results of each formal inspection of the Service Levels and other performance criteria will be
recorded by the Project Manager in the form of a Memorandum. The Memorandum will state the
type and location of any non-compliance detected, in particular those non-compliances already
shown in the standard tables provided by the Contractor as part of the monthly statement. For each
individual case of non-compliance, the Project Manager will determine a date by which the
Contractor must have completed the necessary measures in order to remedy the cause of the non-
compliance. A follow-up site visit is therefore necessary at the date fixed by the Project Manager, or
soon thereafter, in order to verify that the Contractor has indeed remedied the cause of non-
compliance.
If at the date indicated in the Memorandum, the Contractor has not remedied the cause for non-
compliance, independent of the reason given for their failure to do so, the Contractor is subject to
Payment Reductions in accordance with the relevant clauses of the Conditions of Contract.
Payment Reductions are variable over time. If the Contractor fails to remedy a cause of non-
compliance for which a payment reduction has already been applied, the amount of the payment
reduction increases month by month for that particular cause of non-compliance, without a ceiling
being applied, until compliance is established. The calculation of the initial (first month) amounts of
payment reductions, and the formula for their adjustment over time, is to be based on the following
rules given in the Table below.
Liquidated damages are to be applied in relation to execution of the initial Improvement Works as
detailed in Clause 39.2 of the SCC. The time for completion of the initial improvement Works is given
in Clause 39.1 of the SCC.
Imp
rov
ed
Ma
inte
na
nce
Sy
ste
ms
for
Dis
tric
t R
oa
ds
Ro
ad
Ma
inte
na
nce
Co
ntr
act
ing
Ma
nu
al
31
TA
BLE
A2
.7
CR
ITE
RIA
C
ON
DIT
ION
S F
OR
AP
PLI
CA
TIO
N O
F P
AY
ME
NT
RE
DU
CT
ION
S
UN
IT R
AT
ES
FO
R N
ON
CO
MP
LIA
NC
E
Ro
ad
Usa
bil
ity
Inte
rru
pti
on
of
mo
tori
zed
tra
ffic
(li
gh
t a
nd
/or
he
avy
ve
hic
les)
an
yw
he
re a
lon
g a
roa
d o
r ro
ad
se
ctio
n
20
% o
f th
e m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m f
or
the
en
tire
ro
ad
an
d a
ll o
the
r
aff
ect
ed
ro
ad
s in
clu
de
d
in
the
co
ntr
act
fo
r e
ach
d
ay
o
f n
on
-
com
pli
an
ce
Av
era
ge
Tra
ffic
Sp
ee
d
an
d
Use
r
Co
mfo
rt
- A
ve
rag
e t
raff
ic s
pe
ed
on
ro
ad
or
roa
d s
ect
ion
is
be
low
th
e r
eq
uir
ed
th
resh
old
valu
e
10
% o
f m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m ,
ap
pli
ed
to
th
e e
nti
re r
oa
d f
or
ea
ch
ste
p o
f 5
km
/h b
elo
w t
he
th
resh
old
- ru
t, p
oth
ole
an
d s
imil
ar
surf
ace
de
gra
da
tio
n d
ep
th i
s a
bo
ve
th
e t
hre
sho
ld v
alu
e.
Th
e s
urf
ace
of
an
y i
nd
ivid
ua
l p
oth
ole
or
oth
er
surf
ace
de
gra
da
tio
n i
s a
bo
ve 1
m2
50
% o
f th
e m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m f
or
on
e k
m a
pp
lie
d t
o e
ach
on
e k
m
sect
ion
wh
ich
do
es
no
t co
mp
ly
Dra
ina
ge
C
lea
nli
ne
ss a
nd
co
nd
itio
n o
f d
rain
ag
e s
tru
ctu
res
(la
tera
l d
itch
es)
: F
or
a o
ne
-km
sect
ion
, to
b
e
de
term
ine
d
for
sub
sect
ion
s o
f 5
0
m
ea
ch.
If
un
acc
ep
tab
le
ob
stru
ctio
ns
exi
st i
n m
ore
th
an
on
e s
ub
sect
ion
, th
e o
ne
-km
se
ctio
n d
oe
s n
ot
com
ply
30
% o
f th
e m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m f
or
on
e k
m,
ap
pli
ed
to
ea
ch o
ne
-
km
se
ctio
n w
hic
h d
oe
s n
ot
com
ply
Ve
ge
tati
on
V
eg
eta
tio
n h
eig
ht
(ma
xim
um
): T
he
ma
xim
um
he
igh
t m
ea
sure
d a
ny
wh
ere
in
a
on
e-k
m s
ect
ion
is
ab
ove
th
e t
hre
sho
ld v
alu
e
20
% o
f th
e m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m f
or
on
e k
m,
ap
pli
ed
to
ea
ch o
n-k
m
sect
ion
th
at
do
es
no
t co
mp
ly.
V
eg
eta
tio
n
(cle
ara
nce
a
bo
ve
roa
d):
T
he
v
ert
ica
l cl
ea
ran
ce
be
twe
en
th
e
roa
d
surf
ace
an
d t
he
lo
we
st p
oin
t o
f tr
ee
or
oth
er
pla
n i
s le
ss t
ha
n t
he
th
resh
old
va
lue
10
% o
f th
e m
on
thly
lu
mp
su
m f
or
on
e k
m,
ap
pli
ed
to
ea
ch o
n-k
m
sect
ion
th
at
do
es
no
t co
mp
ly.
No
te:
(i
) T
he
Un
it R
ate
s o
f p
ay
me
nt
red
uct
ion
s (“
PR
u”)
sh
ow
n i
n t
he
ab
ove
ta
ble
are
ap
pli
cab
le d
uri
ng
th
e f
irst
30
da
ys
of
no
n-c
om
pli
an
ce.
(ii)
If
the
no
n-c
om
pli
an
ce h
as
no
t b
ee
n r
em
ed
ied
wit
hin
th
irty
da
ys,
liq
uid
ate
d d
am
ag
es
for
pe
rio
ds
be
yo
nd
30
da
ys
are
ca
lcu
late
d b
ase
d o
n t
he
fo
llo
win
g
form
ula
:
P
R =
2nP
Ruco
nsi
de
rin
g:
J =
nu
mb
er
of
da
ys
of
no
n-c
om
pli
an
ce,
an
d
n
=
− 30
1J
ro
un
de
d u
p t
o f
ull
nu
mb
er
(wit
ho
ut
de
cim
als
)
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
32
Appendix 3 Standard Documents / Forms for Community Contracts
PART A: Procedure for Registration of CBO
The applicants should forward an application to the District Council with the following attachments:
1. Two (2) copies of the Groups’ Constitution
2. A summary of minutes of the meeting that approved the constitution
3. Personal details of the leaders:
• Chairperson
• Secretary
• Treasurer
N.B. The Community Development Officers are usually available for consultations and provide
explanations and assistance in the registration of CBO’s at District level.
The constitution must contain the following information
1. INTRODUCTION/GLOSSARY
2. NAME OF GROUP
3. ADDRESS OF GROUP AND HEADQUARTERS
4. AREA OF OPERATIONS
5. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE GROUP
6. MEMBERSHIP
• Types of members
• Eligibility of membership
• Cessation of member
• Obligations of a member
7. SOURCE OF FUNDING FOR THE GROUP
8. ORGANISATIONAL SET UP AND ADMINISTRATION
Chairman
Secretary
Treasurer
9. APPOINTMENT OF LEADERS AND THEIR DURATION
10. CONDUCT OF GROUP MEETINGS
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
33
PART B: Sample Contract between Council and Village Government/
Community Based Organisation (CBO)
This Contract is made this…………day of…………….20….,
Between
…………………………… (insert name of client) herein referred to as ‘Employer’ on one part
And
…………………………… (insert name of village govt or CBO), hereinafter referred to as the ‘Group’ on the
other part.
Whereas the Employer is desirous of maintaining its road network in ………… District and has
accepted that the Group executes road maintenance works on one of the roads as defined
hereinafter;
AND
Whereas the Group represented to the employer that have required capacity and ability, and have
agreed to execute the works on the terms and conditions set forth in this contract;
NOW THEREFORE the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1.0 OBLIGATIONS OF THE GROUP
1.1 The Group shall carry out maintenance works as necessary beginning from the date of
signing of this contract for the duration of the contract period as stipulated in sub-article 4.1
in the following areas:
Name of the Ward ………………………………
Name of Village ………………………………..
Name of the Road& Link Number…………………………………………
From ………………………… to…………………… Total length …….km
1.2 The Group shall, in carrying out the maintenance work, undertake the works as listed below
on the relevant road (specifications Annex 1);-
a) Repair / replace scour checks.
b) Clear side, catch water and mitre drains of all vegetation, silt and debris that can
impede smooth flow of water including disposal of appropriately.
c) Repair eroded ditches to enable smooth flow of water.
d) Unblock all silted culverts including inlets and outlets.
e) Clear all stream channels of debris and vegetation to ease the flow of water through
bridges and culverts.
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
34
f) Fill potholes and minor gullies that have developed on the carriageway using good
soils that is available within the area that the road passes and ensure that the depth
of the potholes/gullies do not exceed 15cm.
g) Replenish soil on the road carriageway to ensure flow of water from the road to the
side slopes through shoulders where the road has been constructed with shoulders.
h) Reinstate eroded shoulders and ditch slopes using appropriate material.
i) Cut/Weed all vegetation off the carriageway and shoulders.
j) Cut side grass and bushes to heights not exceeding 30cm and to a distance of 1.5m
from the outer edge of the side drains on all sides of the road
k) Removal of objects that could cause closure of the road or cause the road to be
unsafe/health hazard to road users such as dead animals, landslides, fallen trees,
large stones/boulders etc
2.0 OBLIGATIONS OF THE EMPLOYER
2.1 The Employer will have the overall responsibility of the contract. He will be represented by
an engineer/technician (Road Overseer) appointed for the day-to-day management of the
contract. Whenever the Road Overseer is changed, the Group shall be notified accordingly.
The Group shall comply with the instructions and directions of the Road Overseer.
2.2 The Employer shall on request provide to the Group hand tools such as:- shovels, slashers,
hoes, wheel barrow, machetes, pangas and rakes detailed in Annex 2 hereto; otherwise the
contractor should provide his/her own tools.
2.3 The tools shall be provided on the hire purchase arrangement to be paid for against
certificates. The tools will become the property of the Group once the cost of the tools is
fully recovered by the Council.
2.4 The hand tools whether on hire purchase or owned by the Group shall be inspected at each
time of payment to ensure that work does not suffer due to lack of appropriate tools.
3.0 MODE OF PAYMENT TO THE GROUP
3.1 The Employer shall pay the Group a total amount of Shs. …………….For carrying out road
maintenance as outlined in this contract for the whole duration of the contract.
3.2 The Group’s work shall be inspected jointly by the Road overseer and the Groups’ leaders
every end of the month to verify whether the maintenance works have been executed as
expected. The inspection report shall be prepared jointly. If it is agreed that the
maintenance works have been carried out properly, the Group shall submit to the Employer
a request for payment. If it will be agreed that certain works had not been carried out
satisfactorily, the inspection report shall list the outstanding works and Group will be obliged
to execute the works within seven (7) days from the date of inspection and the Road
Overseer and the Group’s leaders shall re-inspect the works thereafter. A certificate of
acceptance of maintenance works shall be issued by the engineer before the monthly
payments are affected.
3.3 In consideration of the satisfactory maintenance works performed by the Group during the
month as per sub-clause 2.2 above, the Employer shall pay to the Group the monthly
Improved Maintenance Systems for District Roads
Road Maintenance Contracting Manual
35
contract lump sum of TShs ………….… being 100% of the amount due for the particular
month.
3.4 The Employer shall review the monthly rates anytime the basic market labour rates change
in excess of 10%.
3.5 The Group shall be paid within 10 days from the date of certificate.
3.6 The Group shall maintain an account with the nearest Commercial Bank and the account
number shall be made known to the Employer for payments purposes.
4.0 COMMENCEMENT, DURATION AND TERMINATION
4.1 This contract shall commence on the date of signature and shall be for duration of (number
of months).and may be renewable thereafter by the agreement of both parties.
4.2 This contract shall be terminated at the end of the contract period specified in 4.1 or when
one of the parties fails to fulfil the obligations under this contract by one of the parties giving
one month’s notice to the other party.
4.3 Upon termination and in the case where the cost of basic tools is not yet fully recovered
from the contractor the following will apply:-
a) The Group will pay up the balance and retain the tools;
b) The tools will be surrendered to the Employer.
c) In case of loss or theft of such tools, the Group shall purchase the tools of similar
specifications or reimburse the Employer the cost thereof.
4.4 If it is evident that the Group has failed to carry out timely road maintenance as per the
contract and/or has failed to follow the instructions of the Employer and therefore doing
sub-standard work and/or be guilty of any serious misconduct including persistently working
behind schedule, indulging in any act of dishonesty or any serious breach or non-observance
of any conditions of this agreement or shall fail or refuse to carry out the duties assigned to
him hereunder, the Employer shall be entitled summarily to terminate the Contract
hereunder without notice and without any payment in lieu of notice.
5.0 MODIFICATION TO THE CONTRACT
Modification of the terms and conditions of this contract, including any modification of the scope of
the services shall be by written agreement between the parties.
6.0 SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
6.1 The parties shall use their best efforts to settle amicably all disputes arising out or in
connection with this contract before deciding to use other legal channels.
6.2 When amicable settlement has not been possible, the dispute shall be referred to a single
arbitrator to be nominated by the District Executive Director in whose District the Group is
operating in accordance with and subject to the provision of the Arbitration procedures
applicable in the United Republic of Tanzania.
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7.0 CONCLUSION
It is hereby understood that Annexures to this Contract shall be read together with this contract and
shall form an integral part of it.
Signed for and on behalf of the Employer For and behalf of the Group
Name: ………………………. Name …………………………………
Position ………………………. Position ……………………………..
(Signature) ……………………………. (Signature) ……………………………………
Witness: Witness:
Name ……………………………. Name: .………………………………….
Position ……………………… Position: ………………………………..
(Signature) ……………………… (Signature) …………………………………..
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ANNEX 1: SPECIFICATIONS
Inspection and Removal of Obstructions
Inspect the road, identify and remove all obstructions so that the road remains clean at all times. If
the obstruction is a dead animal, it should be buried off the road reserve and to a depth of at least
1m.
Clean Side Drains
Clear the side drains of all vegetation, silts and debris to keep them clean and draining at all times.
The material removed should be disposed at least 10m from the centreline of the road or as directed
by the Road Overseer.
Reinstate/Repair of Scour Checks
Reinstate/repair scour checks made of stones or wooden pegs firmly fixed in the ditch to the
following spacing:
Less 4% gradient - Not required
5% gradient - 20 m interval
8% gradient - 10 m interval
10% gradient - 5 m interval
Repair eroded ditches
Repair eroded ditches including side drains with suitable material and compact.
Clear Mitre Drains
Clear mitre drains so that they are clean and draining all the time. The material removed should be
disposed of at least 5m from the drain and not less than 10m from the road centreline.
Clean culverts
Unblock all silted culverts including inlets, outlets, and outflow channels to a minimum length of
20m.
Clear Stream Channels
Clean Stream channels of debris and vegetation to ease the flow of water through bridges and
culverts at all times 10m upstream and downs stream.
Clear Catchwater Drains
Clean catchwater drains of all silts, debris and vegetation and dispose of at least 5m from the drain
and on the further side of the carriageway or as directed by the Road Overseer.
Fill Potholes and Minor Gullies
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Fill potholes and minor gullies that develop on carriageway with approved material.
Grub to reinstate road Camber
Reinstate eroded shoulder slopes and ditch slopes using approved material and compact to original
levels.
Grass Cutting
Keep all grass cut to a height not more than 300mm for a width of 1.5m from the side ditch and cut
grass on shoulders and dispose of all debris not less than 5m from the side drain.
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ANNEX 2 - WORKING TOOLS TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE COUNCIL
Name of Village/ CBO.………………………………
ITEM
NO
DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT
RATE
(TShs)
TOTAL
COST(TShs)
REMARKS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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TYIPCAL LIST OF WORKING TOOLS FOR USE BY CBO/VILLAGE GOVERNMENT IN CARRYING OUT
ROAD MAINTENANCE WORKS
S/N
WORKING TOOL
QUANTITY DEPENDING ON LENGTH AND TERRAIN
10-20km flat
/rolling
10-20km
mountainous
/ hilly
20-30 km
flat /rolling
20-30km
mountainous
/ hilly
1 Plain Hoe with handle 15 25 20 30
2 Fork Hoe with handle 10 10 15 15
3 Shovel/spade with steel handle 15 20 15 20
4 Panga - 18" heavy duty 10 15 10 15
5 Slasher 20 20 20 20
6 Rake heavy duty with handle 10 10 15 15
7 Wheel Barrow (Heavy Duty) 8 10 10 13
8 Axe with handle 5 5 5 5
9 Pick axe - 3.5kg with handle 5 10 10 10
10 Hammer - heavy duty (8 kg) 2 2 3 3
11 Hammer – light duty 2 2 2 2