The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMFEDMAtTRIUMF1.pdf• Many non-Standard Model theories...

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Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire

et en physique des particules

Accelerating Science for Canada Un accélérateur de la démarche scientifique canadienne

The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMF

A Japanese-Canadian collaboration

R. Picker1, T. Adachi2, K. Asahi3, C. Bidinosti4,5, J. Birchall5, C. Davis1, F. Doresty5, W. Falk5, M. Gericke5, K. Hatanaka6, B. Jamieson4,5, S. C. Jeong2, S. Kawasaki2, A. Konaka1, E. Korkmaz7, M. Lang5, L. Lee1, R. Mammei4, J. Mammei5, J. Martin4,5, Y. Masuda2, R. Matsumiya6, K. Matsuta8,

M. Mihara8, A.Miller1, E.Miller9, T. Momose9, D. Ramsay1, S. Page5, E. Pierre1,6, Y.Shin1,6, J. Sonier10, H. Takahashi2, K.H. Tanaka2, I. Tanihata6, W. van Oers1,5, Y. Watanabe2

(1)TRIUMF, Vancouver (2)High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba

(3)Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo (4)University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg (5)University of Manitoba, Winnipeg

(6)RCNP, Osaka University, Osaka (7)University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George

(8)Department of Physics, Osaka University, Osaka (9)University of British Columbia, Vancouver

(10) Simon Frasier University, Burnaby

5YP contributions

• Many non-Standard Model theories predict large electric dipole moments

Reminder: Why measure EDMs?

November 12, 2013 2

• e.g. nEDM constrains squark masses in mini-split supersymmetric models

Sept. 2013: arXiv:1308.3653v2

Sakharov Conditions: (A.D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24-27, 1967)

matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation (2) Departure from thermal

equilibrium (3) T (CP)violation

• Many non-Standard Model theories predict large EDMs

Reminder: Why measure EDMs?

November 12, 2013 3

• e.g. nEDM constrains squark masses in mini-split supersymmetric models

• Baryogenesis

• EDMs are CP violating • goal: 10-28 ecm

H. Abele, Progr. Part. Nucl. Phys., Vol. 60, Issue 1, Jan. 2008, 1-81.

3 ∙ 10−26ecm

need more!

⇒TRIUMF: Fr EDM

Neutron EDMs worldwide

November 12, 2013 4

RAL/ SUSSEX/ILL (Grenoble, FR)

PSI (Villigen, CH)

TUM (Munich, DE)

US (Oakridge)

CryoILL (Grenoble, FR)

Russian (Grenoble, FR ⇒ Dubna, RU)

TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA)

temp RT RT RT 0.7 K 0.7 K RT RT

comag Hg Hg Hg 3He none none Xe+Hg

source reactor, turbine

spall., sD2

reactor, sD2

spall, internal 4He

reactor, internal 4He

reactor, turbine, (4He)

spall., 4He

nr of cells 1 2 2 2 4 >1 1-2

goal [ecm] 3∙10-26 5∙10-28 5∙10-28 3∙10-28 1.6∙10-27 3∙10-28 <10-27

date 2006 2018 2019 2020 2015 2018 2019

Neutron EDMs worldwide

November 12, 2013 5

RAL/ SUSSEX/ILL (Grenoble, FR)

PSI (Villigen, CH)

TUM (Munich, DE)

SNS EDM (Oakridge, US)

CryoEDM (Grenoble, FR)

Russian (Grenoble, FR ⇒ Dubna, RU)

TRIUMF (Vancouver, CA)

temp RT RT RT 0.7 K 0.7 K RT RT

comag Hg Hg Hg 3He none none Xe+Hg

source reactor, turbine

spall., sD2

reactor, sD2

spall, internal 4He

reactor, internal 4He

reactor, turbine, (4He)

spall., 4He

nr of cells 1 2 2 2 4 >1 1-2

goal [ecm] 3∙10-26 5∙10-28 5∙10-28 3∙10-28 1.6∙10-27 3∙10-28 10-28

date 2006 2018 2019 2020 2015 2018 2019

comment great! source problem

regulatory issues

completely new concept

long develop. times

old experiment ⇒ ??

• large UCN density with 4He UCN source (goal 3x103 UCN/cm3 polarized)

⇒ small cell ⇒ less geometric phase effect (GPE) • small steps, build on established

ILL technique and RCNP expertise

• dual co-magnetometer ⇒ cancel GPE • room temperature experiment ⇒ shorter development cycles ⇒ less risk

Why do we think we have an edge?

November 12, 2013 6

D20 10K

4He source at RCNP

RAL/SUSSEX/ILL EDM

Ramsay fringes at RCNP

Why do we need UCN?

Because ultra-cold neutrons are … totally reflected by suitable materials under all angles of incidence.

⇒ long observation time T … enough from our new source.

⇒ sufficient statistics 𝑁 … polarizable to 100 %.

⇒ good visibility α

November 12, 2013 7

NETd ασ

2

=EDM sensitivity:

UCNofnr :n timeobservatio:

field electr.:visibility:

NTEα

What is our approach? Project structure

• Japanese group builds UCN source (KEK, RCNP) • successful prototype at RCNP (2005-2012) • commissioning of new source for TRIUMF (2013) • UCN and EDM development at RCNP (2014-2015)

• TRIUMF builds beamline • first installations 2014 • finishing of beam line up to spall. target (2015)

• further EDM development in Canada (Univ. Winnipeg, Univ. Manitoba, UBC, Simon Fraser Univ., TRIUMF)

• first UCN at TRIUMF in 2016 (5-10 µA beam)

• full 40 µA in 2018

• EDM sensitivity goals • 10-27 ecm (2017) • 10-28 ecm (2019)

November 12, 2013 8

10 K D2O or D2

He-II

300 K D2O

Graphite W-Target

• Spallation • Moderation • Conversion

44 cm

30 cm

Spallation target, thermal and cold moderator and He-II converter

d

How do we make UCN at TRIUMF?

75 cm

480 MeV protons

MeV neutrons

November 12, 2013 9

10 The UCN source at TRIUMF

November 12, 2013

11 BL1U upstream

Kicker magnet: • deflects every

third proton bunch upwards

• ordered from Danfysik 8/2013

Lambertson septum: • beam separation

in center 70 mm • deflects upper

beam by 9° to the left into BL1U

• TRIUMF machine shop is working on modifications

Bending dipole • provided by KEK • deflects beam by 7°

more • mapped, in

shipment to TRIUMF

November 12, 2013

12 BL1U downstream

November 12, 2013

SC polarizer He-II cryostat • 0.8 K • pumping on 3He

Magnetic shielding and fields • prototyping at Univ. Winnipeg

EDM cell and HV • at TRIUMF Comagnetometer • at UBC

Cold moderator cryostat • heavy water and deuterium

UCN detector • at UWpg

Steering quads • available at TRIUMF

Spallation target • beam power: 20 kW (during

1 min beam on target) and 5 kW (average)

• tungsten • water cooled • manufacturing process is

currently qualified in Japan

3He-4He heat exchanger

13 Installation schedule

November 12, 2013

2014 Shutdown

2014: • septum • dipole • replacement of shielding

towards cyclotron

14 Installation schedule II

November 12, 2013

2014 Shutdown

2015 Shutdown

2015 Non-Shutdown & 2016 Shutdown

2014: • septum • dipole • replacement of shielding

towards cyclotron

2015: • kicker • decommissioning of existing beamline M13 • quads • source shielding

2015/16: • target • moderators • He-II cryostat • UCN guides • UCN polarizer • finish shielding

2015 Shutdown

15 UCN source fully shielded

November 12, 2013

a lot of steel and concrete...

Status at RCNP, Osaka

November 13, 2013 16

early 2013 UCN source cryostat completed June 2013 source cryostat cold test; 0.7 K reached Nov, Dec 2013 commissioning with proton beam at RCNP

polarizer

Nov 8

Nov 12

Status at RCNP, Osaka


early 2013 UCN source cryostat completed June 2013 source cryostat cold test; 0.7 K reached Nov, Dec 2013 commissioning with proton beam at RCNP 2014 development of EDM components with

UCN

November 12, 2013

18 Our EDM experimental cycle Polarization: • 4 T magnet creates 240 neV barrier for one spin species of UCN

NMR: • uniform magnetic field • large electric field • UCN material storage through total

reflection • RF coils for 90° spin flip

Analysis: • 180° spin flipper • analyzer (saturated iron foil) • UCN detector • look at energy (frequency) shift under field

inversion: ∆ε = h |∆ν | = 4Edn

B E

for a next generation nEDM experiment we are working on: • ideal magnetic environment • co-magnetometer • efficient UCN detection • strong electric field • long storage, spin holding times

Ingredients


Canadian EDM R&D

Dual Co-magnetometer

Magnetic environment

UCN detection

Electric field, UCN cell

UCNA @ LANL

• active shielding • passive shielding • creation of stable

and homogeneous B fields

• magnetometry

Univ. Winnipeg

199Hg 129Xe n

Spin ½ ½ ½

γ(MHz/T) 7.65 -11.77 -29.16

UCN capt. σ (barns)

2150 21.0

transition (nm)

253.7 nm

252.4 nm

transition process

one-photon

two-phot’n

Univ. Brit. Col., Simon Fraser Univ.

• conventional 3He detectors too slow

• principle

• high rate capability • Li glass scintillators +

lightguide + PMTs

n+6Li→ 3H (2.74 MeV) +4He (2.05 MeV)

Univ. Winnipeg, Univ. Manitoba, TRIUMF

• dielectric strength of Xe at 10-3 mbar unknown

• 50x100 mm cylindrical test cell • UCN MC simulations

• systematics • spin tracking

TRIUMF

21 UCN facility at TRIUMF

• second UCN experiment port very valuable • short term: for beam development, detector and guide tests • long term: for experiments besides EDM: lifetime, neutron decay, charge, gravity

• included in our EDM/UCN CFI request 2014 • big step towards a real user facility • will attract UCN physicists from around the world

22 Conclusion

• UCNs are very versatile tools for nuclear & particle physics • The TRIUMF UCN project is a Japanese-Canadian collaboration.

• The first phase is relying as little as possible on TRIUMF resources.

• 5YP contains necessary investments for intensity upgrade (1.6 M$) ⇒ Prospect of a world leading UCN facility

November 12, 2013

23 Backups

November 12, 2013

24 Optimization of cold moderator for TRIUMF phase

November 12, 2013

spallation target

• existing design for a few µA at RCNP problematic for 40 µA at TRIUMF

⇒ Wigner energy from graphite ⇒ high dose rate during

disassembly

0.8 K He-II UCN guide

10 K sD20

300 K D20

aluminum graphite

• using liquid D2 instead of solid D2O increases UCN yield and allows further optimization

(Acsion, Uwpg, TRIUMF)

25 Optimization effort • MCNPX and MicroShield® have been used (Acsion Industries) • current most promising setup

– decreases heating of He-II significantly – increases UCN yield by up to an order of magnitude

spallation target

0.8 K He-II UCN guide

16 K D2

300 K D20

beryllium/AlBeMet lead

graphite

1 m

300 K D20

graphite

• requires support from 5YP, KEK and RCNP

November 12, 2013

26 EDM and magnetics

November 12, 2013

Requirements for 10-27 ecm

• B0 ca 1 µT

• Homogeneity < nT/m ⇒ < 100 pT across the cell

• Stability controlled to < pT

Dominant systematic uncertainties are related to magnetics

PRL 97, 131801 (2006)

UCN comag

B0,1

active compensation coils

Best nEDM limit so far (ILL/RAL/SUSSEX): 2.9 ⋅10-26 e⋅cm

27 Magnetic enviroment for EDM • active shielding • 4-layer ferromagnetic shield prototype (Amuneal) • theoretical DC shielding factor >106

• evaluate magnetometry (fluxgates, GMI, NMOR sensors)

• shield delivered to UWpg 8/2013 • first measurements have started • B0,1 coils: self shielded or shield coupled?

2.5 m

(UWpg)

UCN comag

B0,1


November 12, 2013

Co-magnetometer for UCN Co-magnetometer : correction of the fluctuations of magnetic fields

http://inspirehep.net/record/871294/plots

10 pT

ILL/RAL/SUSSEX : Hg co-magnetometer

UCN comag

B0,1



Dual-Comagnetometer 199Hg, 129Xe dual co-magnetometer

Benefits of dual co-magnetometer

199Hg 129Xe n

Spin ½ ½ ½

γ(MHz/T) 7.65 -11.77 -29.16

UCN capture σ (barns) 2150 21.0

transition (nm) 253.7 nm 252.4 nm

transition process one-photon two-photon

Benefits of Xe co-magnetometer

1. A cross check on the GPE by two magnetometers (with opposite sign).

2. The laser requirements for Hg and Xe are very similar. Development of the required lasers can proceed along the same path.

3. The Xe atomic EDM may also be measured with Hg co-magnetometer in the same setup.

1. Smaller neutron capture cross section. 2. “Higher” vapor pressure (possible). 3. Two-photon transition: Uncertainty due to

light shift is smaller than one-photon transition.

(UBC)


UCN detection

30

• conventional 3He detectors too slow • principle • high rate capability • Li glass scintillators + lightguide + PMTs • molecular sticking technique of 6Li

enriched and depleted scintillators under development at UWpg

n+6Li→3H (2.74 MeV) +4He (2.05 MeV)

6Li depleted on 6Li enriched scintillator

light guides

PMTs

(UWpg, UofM, TRIUMF)

November 12, 2013

UCN detection


• principle • high rate capability • Li glass scintillators + lightguide + PMTs • molecular sticking technique of 6Li

enriched and depleted scintillators

n+6Li→3H (2.74 MeV) +4He (2.05 MeV)

n

6Li depleted on 6Li enriched scintillator

light guides

PMTs

(UWpg, UofM, TRIUMF)

EDM cell and electric field


• dielectric strength of Xe at 10-3 mbar unknown

• HV test setup at TRIUMF • 50x100 mm cylindrical test cell • field strength goal > 10 kV/cm • test of different cell materials • commissioned 8/2013

Xe inlet

HV feed

HV cell 0.75 m

(TRIUMF)

Monte Carlo Simulation: One Example

November 12, 2013

→ figure of merrit→

© M. Losekamm, BSC thesis, W. Schreyer, Diploma thesis, R.P. PhD thesis

Which height of EDM cell is best at what storage time?

Figure of merrit maximization

EDM cell

UCN source

UCN detector

Plans to simulate: ⇒ depolarization ⇒ spin evolution ⇒ various GPEs

h (TRIUMF)

low cell, 200-300s

storage time

33

The physics: Neutron decay • a free neutron decays into a proton, an electron and an

electron anti-neutrino, lifetime around 15 minutes

• 𝑛 → 𝑝 + 𝑒− + 𝜈𝑒�

• quark picture

• energy: (𝑚𝑝+𝑚𝑒 + 𝑚𝜈)𝑐2 − 𝑚𝑛𝑐2=782 keV

• three body decay


electron spectrum

weak interaction

Baryogenesis


Producing a matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation (may imply proton decay)

• Baryon: particle made out of three quarks (proton, neutron, lambda)

• proton is lightest baryon (uud), could only decay to leptons or mesons (2 quarks)

(2) Departure from thermal equilibrium • Phase transitions • Expansion of the Universe (Inflation)

(3) T violation • not enough in Standard Model ⇒ electric dipole

moment

creation of matter domination over antimatter


• Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

Matrix

• Standard Model

• Neutron decay

• Coupling constants

• Neutron lifetime

aSPECT

ud us ub

cd cs cb

td ts tb

d V V V ds V V V sb V V V b

′ ′ = •

′

2 2 2ud us ub| | | | | | 1V V V+ + =

2

2

11 3

aλ

λ

−=

+

2ud 2

n

4908.7(1.9) s| |(1 3 )

Vτ λ

=+

n 880≈ sτ

A V 1.2695 0.0029G Gλ = = − ±

2

2

( )2

1 3A

λ λ

λ

+ ℜ= −

+

PERKEO,UCNA

Neutron decay: Quark mixing

The physics: The neutron EDM • electric dipole moment

• in the neutron

• so why not? .......... time reversal violation

37

[e⋅cm]

slight displacement of the positive and negative charge cloud along the axis of the magnetic moment

November 12, 2013

Ramsey‘s method N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev.76 996 (1949) ⇒ Nobel Prize 1989

November 12, 2013

38

Ramsey‘s method

1. prepare a sample of polarized neutrons

2. make a 90°spin flip (“start clock”)

3. allow free spin precession in (anti-)parallel B and E static fields

4. make another 90°spin flip (“stop clock”)

5. analyze direction of neutron spin

N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev.76 996 (1949) ⇒ Nobel Prize 1989

B

look at deviations from 180°spin flip for both E orientations: ∆ε = h |∆ν| = 4Edn

E

November 12, 2013

39

UCN experiments

40

magnets

p detector

Neutron lifetime

West East

Scintillator UCN storage volume / decay trap

Neutron decay correlations

2

2

( )2

1 3A

λ λ

λ

+ ℜ= −

+

2ud 2

n

4908.7(1.9) s| |(1 3 )

Vτ λ

=+

Electric dipole moment

)1()( /21 λα rermmGrV −⋅+

⋅=

Gravity

UCNA @ LANL

RAL Sussex EDM @ ILL

November 12, 2013

UCN experiments

41

Neutron lifetime

Neutron decay correlations

2

2

( )2

1 3A

λ λ

λ

+ ℜ= −

+

2ud 2

n

4908.7(1.9) s| |(1 3 )

Vτ λ

=+



⋅=

Gravity

UCNA @ LANL


CKM matrix

Standard Model

ud us ub

cd cs cb

td ts tb


′ ′ = •

′

2 2 2ud us ub| | | | | | 1V V V+ + =

November 12, 2013

UCN experiments

42

Neutron lifetime

Neutron decay correlations 2

2

( )2

1 3A

λ λ

λ

+ ℜ= −

+

2ud 2

n

4908.7(1.9) s| |(1 3 )

Vτ λ

=+



⋅=

Gravity

UCNA @ LANL


CKM matrix

Standard Model

ud us ub

cd cs cb

td ts tb


′ ′ = •

′

2 2 2ud us ub| | | | | | 1V V V+ + =


matter <-> antimatter asymmetry through baryogenesis requires: (1) Baryon number violation (2) Departure from thermal

equilibrium (3) T (CP)violation

November 12, 2013

Careful magnetometry is essential !

199Hg Magnetometer


Comagnetometer : Present Status and Plan

2011 Proposal of optically detected two-photon 129Xe comagnetomer

129Xe comag 199Hg comag

2012 Characterization of Xe transitions with a pulsed laser. (Eric Miller)

2013 Move of a Xe SEOP system from SFU to UBC (Jeff Sonier)

Setup and test of continuous flow Xe polarizer at Winnipeg. (Chris Bidinosti)

Proposal of Xe/Hg dual comagnetometer (Andy Miller)

Installation of SEOP system @ UBC Measurement of Xe precession by a pulsed laser (UBC)

Construction and test of Hg lamp based 199Hg comagnetometer (UBC) 2014

Construction of CW laser(s) at 250/257 nm (David Jones)

Test and characterization of CW pumped Xe comagnetometer (UBC)

Construction and test of UV laser based 199Hg comagnetometer (UBC)

2015

Xe EDM measurement @ TRIUMF (Kirk Madison) Test and characterization of Xe/Hg comagnetometer

2016

nEDM measurement @ TRIUMF

2017 2018


45 Why UCN?

• Three major types of experiments • EDM

• Thanks to Makoto for the nice motivation!

• Neutron decay

November 12, 2013

Cold moderator and He-II bottle

Al plates in the cold moderator

Cryostat with super insulations

Thermal moderator

D20 10K


47 UCN source road map

November 12, 2013

• cold neutron flux measurement (RCNP, June) • full cooldown (RCNP, summer) • UCN beam time (RCNP, September) • shipping to TRIUMF (late 2014)

• beam line BL1U: Septum, Dipole installation (shutdown 2014) • beamline completion: Kicker, Quads, PS (shutdown 2015) • spallation target, shielding, UCN source installation (shutdown

2016) • UCN commissioning (summer 2016)

Ramsey ‘s method

1. prepare a sample of polarized neutrons

2. make a π/2 spin flip (“start clock”)

3. allow free spin precession in

(anti-)parallel B and E static fields

4. make a π/2 spin flip (“stop clock”)

5. analyze direction of neutron spin

look at energy (frequency) shift under field inversion:

∆ε = h |∆ν| = 4Edn

N. F. Ramsey, Phys.Rev.76 996 (1949)

B fie

ld


49 EDM approach

November 12, 2013

Advantages of our EDM approach • use established room temperature methods • exploite higher UCN density to suppress

systematics smaller EDM cell

• active magnetic shielding, self shielded DC coil geometry

• Xe-129 comagnetometer: unique to our experiment (2-photon excitation) - also buffer gas for UCN possible?

C. Bidinosti1, J. Birchall2, C. Davis3, T. Dawson1,2, F. Doresty2, W. Falk2, M. Gericke2, B. Jamieson1, A. Konaka3, E. Korkmaz4, M. Lang1,2, L. Lee2,3, J. Mammei2, R. Mammei1, J. W. Martin1, A. Miller3, E. Miller5, T. Momose5,

W.D. Ramsay3, S.A. Page2, R. Picker3, E. Pierre3, Y. Shin3, W.T.H. van Oers2,3

1Winnipeg, 2Manitoba, 3TRIUMF, 4UNBC, 5UBC

50 Current activities

November 12, 2013

EDM • Magnetic shielding development

(Winnipeg) • active magnetic shielding • prototype ferromagnetic shielding ordered

• Xe-129 comagnetometer (UBC, SFU)

• 2 photon levels observed

• UCN detector (TRIUMF/Manitoba/Winnipeg) • 6Li glass scint., light guides, PMTs • N+6Li→3H (2.74 MeV) +4He (2.05 MeV)

• HV lab (TRIUMF)

• in CRM lab, 400 kV HV stack available • Test suitable gases, pressures, geometries,

surfaces for 15 kV/cm

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Ener

gy /

104 c

m-1

~ 250 nm

820 ~ 950 nm

7

8

6 252.4 nm ×2

895.5 nm

823.4 nm

Xe energy levels hyperfine s tructure

X

two-photon s election

(c irc ularly polarized)

dark s tate

<5 ns

November 12, 2013

51 UCN draft schedule

Xe-129 comagnetometer

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Ener

gy /

104 c

m-1

~ 250 nm

820 ~ 950 nm

7

8

6 252.4 nm ×2

895.5 nm

823.4 nm

Xe energy levels hyperfine s truc ture

X

two-photon s elec tion

(c irc ularly polarized)

dark s tate

<5 ns

Excite with polarized two photon XUV, detect emission in NIR. Canadian plan adopted as primary plan for experiment. November 12, 2013 52

• Active magnetic shielding in development • Passive magnetic shielding prototype funded through CFI, in

purchase (UW pol. Xe lab) • Coil development, impact of self-shielding • Polarized Xe source devel. and characterization (T. Dawson

MSc thesis)

Magnetic Shielding

53

T est ing A ct ive Compensat ion: 3- ax is f lux gat e magnet omet er T hr ee coil- pair s f or unif or m f ield compensat ion in all dir ect ions S of t war e (Labview) f or aut omat ed cont r ol of coil cur r ent s Bipolar DC amplif ier s (Cent ent CN 0122 - 150 W at t )

• Prototype active shield tests show 1/100 suppression of mag. noise

November 12, 2013

UCN Detectors

54 Sensitivity to gamma background Geometry (simulation)

6Li glass scint. (a la G. Ban et al., NIM A 611, 280 (2009))

Pile-up: ~30% vs <4% (3x3 Segmentation)

Fast detector (~250 ns) Two detector system reduces edge events

GEANT4 Lightguides

PMTs GS30 on GS20 scintillators

November 12, 2013

Baryogenesis, CP-violation and EDM


To produce a matter <-> antimatter asymmetry requires: (1) Baryon number violation

• Conserved at tree level in the SM • More complex SM processes lead to B violation

(2) C and CP violation • Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism δKM fails (by several orders

of magnitude) to accommodate observed asymmetry

(3) Departure from thermal equilibrium • Phase transitions • Expansion of the Universe

Physics with slow neutrons at E18

CP violation through nEDM

EσdHσH nn

⋅−⋅−= µint

CP

{ CP

P + + + - T - - - + {

MDM EDM

0for ≠nd

parity

time reversal


• a, A and B depend on the axial and vector weak coupling constants GA and GV

• A: correlation of neutron spin and electron momentum

GA from “Big A”

2

2

Re( )A 2

1 3A

V

λ G , λG λ

λ+= − =

+

Differential neutron decay rate Without e- polarization

1.3- 12.0 ≈−≈

𝑑Γ = Γ𝑛 1 + 𝑎𝒑e⋅𝒑ν𝐸e𝐸ν

+ 𝐴𝝈n⋅𝒑𝑒𝐸e

+ 𝐵𝝈n⋅𝒑𝜈𝐸ν

+ 𝐷𝒑ex𝒑𝜈𝐸𝑒𝐸ν

⋅𝝈n


• Γn = 1/τn is total decay rate

• Thus A and τn gives Vud

• Alternatively A and Vud gives τn

Vud from “Big A”

𝑑Γ = Γ𝑛 1 + 𝑎𝒑e⋅𝒑ν𝐸e𝐸ν

+ 𝐴𝝈n⋅𝒑𝑒𝐸e

+ 𝐵𝝈n⋅𝒑𝜈𝐸ν

+ 𝐷𝒑ex𝒑𝜈𝐸𝑒𝐸ν

⋅𝝈n

2ud 3

n

4908.7(1.9) s| |(1 3 )

Vτ λ

=+

November 12, 2013

58

60 Funding secured

November 12, 2013

2009 CFI for UCN source at TRIUMF ($4.225M) 2010 Manitoba MRIF + Industry ($0.675M) since 2010 NSERC Project and RTI grants 2014 CFI proposal for EDM experiment completion ($8.9M)

61 The UCN source at TRIUMF

November 12, 2013

Kicker magnet

Lambertson septum

Spallation target

SC polarizer He-II cryostat Magnetic shielding EDM cell Cold moderator cryostat

Dipole bender Quads

62 TRIUMF UCN history so far

November 12, 2013

2006: UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF

from J. Martin’s talk at the workshop

2006: UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF 2008: Positive review by TRIUMF’s Experiments Evaluation Committee (EEC) 2010: International Review endorses UCN program strongly 2011: MoU between Uwpg, KEK, RCNP and TRIUMF was signed…

to build a He-II spallation source at KEK/RCNP and move it to TRIUMF to develop and conduct a neutron EDM experiment to build a dedicated beam line and target at TRIUMF

2011-2013: development of beam line in Meson hall Kicker, septum, bender, focusing elements, diagnostics, target Shielding upgrade clean-up of Meson hall has started


November 12, 2013

2011

Meson Hall Cleanup


Meson Hall Cleanup


UCN source


November 12, 2013

2006: UCN project was first introduced into the 5Y planning 2007: International Workshop UCN sources and Experiments at TRIUMF 2008: Positive review by TRIUMF’s Experiments Evaluation Committee (EEC) 2010: International Review endorses UCN program strongly 2011: MoU between Uwpg, KEK, RCNP and TRIUMF was signed…

to build a He-II spallation source at KEK/RCNP and move it to TRIUMF to develop and conduct a neutron EDM experiment to build a dedicated beam line and target at TRIUMF

2011-2013: development of beam line in Meson hall Kicker, septum, bender, focusing elements, diagnostics, target Shielding upgrade clean-up of Meson hall has started

2013: TRIUMF hires are research scientist for UCN (that would be me…) 2014: first substantial installations during the 2014 shutdown

The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMFEDMAtTRIUMF1.pdf• Many non-Standard Model theories...

Documents

Transcript of The UCN facility and EDM experiment at TRIUMFEDMAtTRIUMF1.pdf• Many non-Standard Model theories...