The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an...

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Page 1: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/NewingtonForestES/Gradepages/World%20War%20I/images/WWIflames.jpg
Page 2: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 3: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Treaty of London 1839:Why Britain declared war on Germany

• In 1839 Britain had signed an international

treaty saying that Belgium would always

remain a neutral country.

• Germany had signed this too.

• When Germany invaded Belgium Britain

entered the war to defend Belgium’s right to

be neutral.

Page 4: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate

Many Europeans were excited about war “Defend yourself

against the aggressors”

Domestic differences were put aside

Page 5: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate

War would be

over in a few

weeks

Ignored the length

and brutality of the

American Civil War

Page 6: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate

Belief that Modern industrial war could not be conducted for more than a few months

“Home by Christmas”

No major war in 50 years

Page 7: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

1914 – 1915 Illusions and Stalemate

“Fatal attraction of

war”

Exhilarating release

from every day life

A glorious adventure

War would rid the

nations of selfishness

Spark a national re-birth

based on heroism

Page 8: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters

Page 9: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers

Austro-Hungarians

Austro-Hungarians

A German Soldier Says Farewell to His

Mother

A German Soldier Says Farewell to His

Mother

Page 10: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

Page 11: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

A British Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

A British Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

Page 12: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

Myth of War

Page 13: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Schlieffen Plan

Invade western front 1st

Counted on the slow mobilization of Russian forces due to lack of railways

Called for 39 days for the fall of Paris, and 42 days for the defeat of France General Alfred Graf von

Schlieffen

Page 14: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Schlieffen Plan

After defeating France concentrate on the Eastern front

Avoid fighting a 2 front war

Page 15: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Schlieffen Plan’s Destructive Nature

Germany made vast encircling movement through Belgium to enter Paris

Underestimated speed of the British mobilization

Quickly sent troops to France

Page 16: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Schlieffen Plan’s Destructive Nature

Sept 6-10, 1914

Battle of Marne

Stopped the Germans but

French troops were

exhausted

With this defeat the

Schlieffen Plan failed

Germany was forced to

fight a two front war

Page 17: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

The Schlieffen Plan’s Destructive Nature

As the summer of 1914 turned to fall, the war turned into a long and bloody stalemate along the battlefields of France

Stalemate = to bring to a standstill; deadlock

This deadlocked region in northern France became known as the Western Front.

Page 18: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

THE TRENCHES Both sides dug trenches

for shelter

Conflict descends into trench warfare Trench warfare = armies

fighting from trenches

Battles result in many deaths and very small land gains

Life in trenches is miserable, difficult, unsanitary.

Page 19: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES

Elaborate systems

of defense barbed wire

Concrete machine gun

nests

Mortar batteries

Troops lived in holes

underground

Page 20: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 21: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Page 22: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 23: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

THE TRENCHES

Page 24: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 25: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES Boredom

Soldiers read to pass the time

Soldiers were expected to carry all their equipment with them at all times

Suppose to keep it clean and in good condition They were British after

all

Page 26: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

How the uniform and equipment changed after just three weeks in the

trenches…

Page 27: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

No smiling and relaxed faces…

No clean uniforms…

Their equipment is scattered everywhere…

Boredom and sleep are obvious…

Page 28: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES

Trench warfare

baffled military

leaders Attempt a breakthrough

Then return to a war of

movement

Millions of young men

sacrificed attempting

the breakthrough

Page 29: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
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Page 30: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

TRENCH FOOT

Affected feet become numb and then turn

red or blue.

Advanced immersion foot often involves

blisters and open sores, which lead to fungal

infections

If left untreated, immersion foot usually

results in gangrene, which can require

amputation.

Page 31: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 32: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

TRENCH RATS

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.

These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

Page 33: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 34: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.
Page 35: The Treaty of London 1839: Why Britain declared war on Germany In 1839 Britain had signed an international treaty saying that Belgium would always.

BODY LICE

Men in the trenches suffered from lice

The first symptoms were shooting pains

in the shins and was followed by a very

high fever

Although the disease did not kill, it did

stop soldiers from fighting

Accounted for about 15% of all cases of

sickness in the British Army.


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