The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750
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Transcript of The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750
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The Transformation of the West, 1450-
1750Renaissance, Reformation, Commerce, Science, &
Enlightenment
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Big Things
• Italy and Commerce
• Humanism
• Ad fontes
• Protestantism
• Nation-States
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Italian Renaissance v.
Northern Renaissance
• Timing
• Themes and focus
• Why did the Italian Renaissance decline sharply in the 1500s?
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Rebirth of Civilization
• Change or continuity?
• Humanism
• Architecture and Art
• Literature, poetry
• Theater
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A New Civilization
• Vernaculars
• Commerce
• Urbanization
• Science
• Politics Families
• Religious unity out the window
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Demography and Disease
• Nuclear families
• More urban
• Post-Black Death, but cities promote outbreaks of disease
Exposure promotes resistance and immunity
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Migrations and Patterns of Settlement
• New commerce leads to urbanization
• Landholding wealth and power decreases
• To the New World
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New Technology• Printing press (Germany) Microscope (Netherlands)
• Nautical innovations (Portugal Matches (England)
• Mechanical clocks (Italy) Flush Toilet (England)
• Eye glasses (Italy) Wallpaper (England)
• Telescope (Netherlands) Snootiness (France)
• Gunpowder (China, kinda, but…) Better farming and stock-breeding
Each of these have implications!
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Religions• Roman Catholicism
• Lutheranism
• Calvinism
• Anglicanism
• Deism
• et alia
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Luther’s Challenge• Luther v. The Church
• sola fide, sola scriptura, sola Christe
• ad fontes
• Priesthood of all believers
• Political implication of Lutheranism
• Catholic response and Catholic Reformation
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Religious Wars
• Persecutions
• Edict of Nantes
• Thirty-Years War
• Treaty of Westphalia (eus regio…)
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Deism
• Wealthy and educated
• Informed by Scientific Revolution
• Ambivalent clockmaker
• Why did this not appeal to the masses?
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Scientific Revolution• What is science and its function?
• Some important fellows
• Some important ideas
• How was it a “revolution”?
• How did the new Western science compare with science in other civilizations?
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Enlightenment
• Inspired by Scientific Revolution
• Some important fellows
• Some important ideas
• What comes of this?
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Politics• New structures and forms
• Machiavelli’s dilemma
• Nationalism and Nation-States
• Absolute Monarchy v. Parliaments
• Revolts and revolutions
• Why the changes?
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Society
• Secularism; less superstitious
• Families
• New Classes
• New Opportunities
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Economics• Banking
• Trade
• Mercantilism
• Capitalism
• New classes
• How does the Protestant Reformation influence economic changes?
• How did silver and gold cause inflation?
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CCOTs
• Religion
• Society
• Economics
• Politics (government, map)
• Art and architecture
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AbDs• Catholicism v. Lutheranism v. Anglicanism
• Renaissance v. Scientific Revolution
• Scientific Revolution v. Enlightenment
• Middle Ages v. Renaissance
• Absolutism v. Parliamentarianism
• English Civil War v. Thirty Years War
• Italian Renaissance v. Northern Renaissance
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Big Qs (In Review)• In what ways did the commercial revolution of the 16th
century change the social structure of the West?
• How was the absolute monarchy of the 17th century different from the political forms of the Middle Ages?
• How did the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment affect changes in popular outlook in European society?
• How is the Protestant Reformation linked to political, social, and economic changes?
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Reading Packets• #1 Renaissance
• #2 Protestant Reformation
• #3 Protestantism and Women
• #4 Absolutism and Parliaments
• #5 Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
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Art and Architecture
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