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The Tragedy of Armero, Colombia - FIG · 2016-05-24 · History Session, 4 May 2016 The Tragedy of...
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History Session, 4 May 2016
The Tragedy of Armero, Colombia :
Management of land rights in the aftermath of the
Volcanic Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz in 1985
Juan David MÉNDEZ NIÑO
Francis ROYUniversité Laval
Presented at th
e FIG W
orking Week 2016,
May 2-6, 2
016 in Christchurch, N
ew Zealand
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RESEARCH PROJECT
• Master’s Thesis
• Quebec City and Bogotá
• In collaboration with the
Instituto geográfico Agustín Codazzi
• Funding provided by
Dr. Nicholas Chrisman
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INTRODUCTION
• Tragedy of Armero
• November 13th, 1985 = Eruption of the Nevado del Ruíz volcano
• Destruction of 90% of the urban area
• Death of 85% of the population = approximately 23 000 people
• Reestablishment Process
• Management of Land Rights
• Relocation of Survivors
• Economic Compensation
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http://www.eltiempo.com/Multimedia/galeria_fotos/colombia6/GALERIAFOT
OS-WEB-PLANTILLA_GALERIA_FOTOS-12375485.html
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éruption_du_Nevad
o_del_Ruiz_en_1985#/media/File:Armero_ruiz
_lahar.gif
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Ortofotomosaico, escala 1:50.000. IGAC
1984
1985
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SITE HISTORY
• Third major volcanic eruption(documented)
• Death toll (victims)
• 1595 = 500 to 1000
• 1845 = 1000
• 1985 = 25 000
EM-DAT. (2013). The Interrnational Disaster
Database –
http://www.emdat.be/disaster_profiles/index.html
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CURRENT LAND USE – 2014
• Agriculture
• Private land grabbing for
pasture
• Fertile Soil = Volcanic Dust
• Memorial
• Public duty of remembrance
http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/actualidad/vivir/reco
nstruyendo-lazos-de-armero-articulo-392140
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RESEARCH PROBLEM
• Disaster Risk Reduction Approach
• Prevention – Emergency – Recovery
• Resettlement
• Relocation of People = neighbouring towns
• Survival of former land rights = on-site
• Economical Support
• No financial compensation (= expropriation) – excepted people relocation
• 82% relocated by their own means
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AT THE SAME TIME
• Colombian Governement showing
interest to create a Memorial Site.
• Ley 1632 (28 May 2013)
• Question:
• Is there always existing land rights?
• Who owns what?
• Who to compensate?
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METHODOLOGY
• Cadastre and Land Register Analysis
• Cadastral Hole
• Land Data Sheet
• 17 000 photographs
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Lérida Armero - Guyabal
RELOCATION – REHOUSING
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REBUILDING THE 1985 CADASTER
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REBUILDING THE 1985 CADASTER
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WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED FROM THIS DISASTER?
• Relocation
• Surviving people, but also land rights
• Land rights don’t die – They are passed upon inheritants.
• Recovery
• Social issue, more than material matter
• Recreating society, not only displacing people
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CONCLUSION
• Important Warning for Historical Analysis
• Be careful not to (over-)interpret this case study with today’s knowledge in DRR
• Results embedded in a specific time-period and geographical context
• Recovery
• Social issues, with all citizen participation
• Armero 1985
• The resettlement process was based in the rehousing of people but not in the
reestablishment of rights.