The Titanic tragedy, article, The literary digest, 27 apr 1912

8/3/2019 The Titanic tragedy, article, The literary digest, 27 apr 1912

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8 6 6 T H E L I T E E A K Y D I G E S T April 27, 1912

Copyrighted by Pach Eros., New York.W. T . STEA D . FR A N C IS D . MILLE T.

Copyrighted l>y (1. Y. Biicli.MA J . A R C H IB A LD B U TT. JO H N JA C O B A STO B .

Copyrighted by Paeh Bros., New York.IS ID O R STR A U S.

S O M E O F T H E D I S T I N G U I S H E D V I C T I M S .

W hite Star L ine official after the loss of the Republic three yearsago is now found very signif loant :"I t i s a wel l -known fact that i t i s impossible for a steamshipin passenger service to carry enough l i fe-boats to accoram.odateal l han ds at once. I f this were done, so much room would beut i l ized for l i fe-boats that there would be no room lef t on deckfor passengers. Th e necessary num.ber of l i fe-boats would becarr ied at the cost of many present comfor ts of our patrons."T h e Titanic's reign as queen of the seas, the "biggest andfinest ship afloat," laste d just five day s. She sailed from Liv erpool on Wednesday, Apri l 10, on her m.aiden t r ip, wi th a notable

l ist of passengers, who looked forward to a week of pleasuresurrou nded with every comfor t and luxu ry. On the fol lowingSund ay evening she was 400 miles off Cape R ace. The sea wassmoo th, the. sky clear. Desp i te repea ted warnings of icebergsfrom other vessels, and the presence of much floating ioe, shewas steaming ahead at a speed of probably21 knot s . Toward m idnight , an i ceberg wasseen ahead . I t was too late to slow downor tur n aside. Bu t the ship was swervedsl ight ly f rom her course, and st ruck the berga glancing blow, possibly sl iding up on a submerged por t ion of i t . The shock was hotviolent, but wireless calls for help were sentout , and the passengers were cal led up ondeck. Th e of iieers soon found th at the sideand bot tom of the ship were r ipped out andthat i t was simply a quest ion of how longher pierced ai r -compar tments and leakingbulkheads would keep the Titanic afloat.

Stories- of wh at followed, excep t in the irgeneral out l ine and in thei r unanimous t r ibute to the hero ism of th e officers and malepassengers aboard the Titanic, conflict somewha t widely . The New York paper s , on theday af ter the Carpathia arr ived in the harborwith her pi t i ful load, gave prominence to thedetai led, coherent , and consistent tale toldby Mr. R. W. Daniel , one of the survivors.After st r iking the iceberg the Titanic went onfor about a mile before com ing to a stop, says Mr. D aniel .The passengers, assembled on th e deck, were at f lrst calm,being assured tha t t he Titanic was "uns in kable , " and when,a l i t t le later , they were ordered to th e l i fe-boats, manyrefused to go, feeling safer on the gre at ship. To qu oteat some length f rom Mr. Daniel 's statement , as i t appears inthe colum ns of- the N ew York Evening Post:

' ' I learned later tha t there was a conf lict in orders give nwhen the boats were f lUed. On the starboard side husbandswere ordered to enter the smal ler craf t wi th their wives. Onthe por t side, husbands were dr iven back, the order being'wom en and chi ldren f irst. ' Th at explains why so m an y mensurvived."In many instances, wi thin the range of my vision, wivesrefused pointblan k to leave their hus ban ds. I saw mem bersof the crew l i teral ly tear women f rom the arms of men, andthrow them ov t f ' t h e s ide t o boat s . Mrs . I s idor S t r aus c lungto her husb and ar id none could force her f rom his side"Ful ly two hour s e l apsed be tween the Titanic s t r i k ing theberg and her founder ing. No t unt i l the last f ive min utes didthe awful real izat ion come that the end was at hand"D ec k af ter deck was submerged. There was no lurching,no gr inding or crunching. Th e Titanic simply set t led. I wasfar up on one of the top decks. Two minute s before the f inald i sappearance of t he sh ip I j umped. About me were ma nyothers, in the water . My bath rob e floated away. I t was ici lycold. I st ruck out at once. Before the last ,I turned. My f l rst glance took in the people

swarming the Titanic's decks . Hundredswere standing there, helpless to ward offthe approaching death . I saw Capta inSm ith on his br idge. M y eyes seeminglyclung to him. The deck f rom which I hadleapt was immersed; t he w ater had r isenslowly, and was now tobr idge. The n i t was atwaist ." I saw him no more .The bow of the Titanic wasfar ben eaththe surface. To me only her four monsterfunnels and the two masts were now visi ble. I t was al l over in an insta nt . TheTitanic's stern rose completely- out of thewater . Up i t wen t , thi r ty, forty, sixty feetinto the ai r , then, wi th her body slant ingat an angle of 45 degrees, slowly the Titanicsl ipt out of sight . The re was very l i t t lesuct ion."Unt i l I die, the cr ies of those wretchedmen a nd wom en who went dow n cl inginghelplessly to the Titanic's rail wfll ring inmy ear s . Groans , shri eks , and sounds tha twere almost inhuman came across the water ." I t u rned and swam. The water wasnumbing me. Only the pr eserver about mybody saved my li fe. Wh en pul led into the l i fe-boat i t was anhour later , but I knew nothing."

This sturdy swimmer is but one of many io declar e t ha t"h ad the s t eamship com pany, provided proper l if e -savingdevices, not a soul on board would have been lost ," for

" T h e Titanic simply lay on the water , set t l ing slowly. Th e

the floor of theCapta in Smi th ' sHe died a hero.


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April 27, 1912 T H E L I T E R A R Y D I G E S T 8 6 7

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T H E " T I T A N I C " R E A D Y F O R H E R F I R S T , A N D L A S T, V O Y A G E .

sea was absolutely calm. Boats and rafts were pu t overboardwithout diff iculty, unti l there were no more."T h e Carpathia, summoned by wireless, as were other ships toofar away to be of service, reached the spot about daylight,and resc ued tho se aboar d the 16 boa ts still afloat and a fewfrom rafts . Among the dead are such well-known men as JohnJacob Astor, Isidor .Straus, William T. Stead of the EnglishReview of Reviews, President C. M. Hays of the Grand TrunkRailroad, P. D. Millet , the art is t ; Jacques Putrel le , novelis t ;Henry B. Harris , theatr icalmanager ; Major But t , P res iden tTaft ' s mil i tary aid; J . B. Thayer,vice-president of the Pennsylvania Railroad; Benjamin Guggenheim, George D. Widener, and

W. A. Roebling, 2d.Many of the rescued women arewidows; several , l ike Mrs. Astor ,are brides of a few mo nth s. Thepresence of a few men among thesurvivors is readily accounted for. by the need of strong arms to rowthe boats and such circumstancesas those n oted by- Mr . Daniel .Bu t the fact th at M r. J . BruceIsmay, managing director of theWhite Star Line, was saved in a

life-boat is something which leads even so careful a paper as Th eWall Street Journal to inquire: "I s there any passenger whoshould not have found place in the boats before the greatest orleast official of the line ?" The further inference on the p ar tof many that Mr. Ismay was responsible for urging the Titanicto such excessive speed does not increase their very slight feelingof cha rity towa rd him. Tho he was at first denou nced as a"coward" by the more radical press, space was later given tohis own succinct account of the circumstances of his departure.To quo te M r . I smay ' s s ta te ment before the United StatesSenate Invest igating C om mittee ,in New York:"The boat was there and acertain number of the women hadbeen load ed. Th e officer calledout to any other women whomight be on the deck to come.There were no other passengers,men or women, on the deck, so Igot in. Th at is all there is to it.".There are those of us, perhaps,

who have sometimes smiled inwardly at the church prayer forsome one's preservation "fromthe dangers of the sea," andconduct "in safety to the haven


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8 6 8 T H E L I T E R A R Y D I G E S T April 27, 1913^llere l ie would be, " as an ant iq uate d pet i t ion in these daysof rapid ocean t ransi t . Bu t we ."now know, at Mgh cost ,"as the Chicago Tribune remarks , " that perfect safety in oceantrave l is a f lot ion." Th e Bal t im ore Sun i s r eminded by thedisas ter to the Titanic " that in spi te of al l our progress , per i lss t i ll exis t , and t ha t before the forces of unt am ed n atu re m anis of ten as helpless as an infant ." Th e iceberg, others tel l us ,is s t il l the great unconqu ered per i l of the nor th Atlan t ic. Wh enthe "uns inka ble sh ip " meet s t he " i r r es i s ti b l e i ceberg ," she meet sthe sam e fate as does the fisherman's dory .

But the general i ty of edi tors , tho they admit the dangers of aseason w hen the ice has comesouth far ther and sooner thanusua l , can see but l i t t le excusetherein for the loss of the Titanic.True, icebergs are dangerous ,bu t per i l should not be invi ted byrushing ahead a t n ight t hroughsuch per i lous sea lanes at highspeed, af ter those repea ted warn ings r eceived. Noth ing butspeed madness , they say, canaccount for i t , nothing but theinsistence of the company's officials that the Titanic shouldbreak a record o n her maid envoya ge. This , we are told, ma dethe exper ienced navigator inco m m an d " t ak e ch an ces " an dso_ end an honorable and efficient career by going down withhis ship and two-thirds of thepassengers entrus ted to his care."Heedless of warnings, indif(:er-ent to disas ter , the Wh ite Staroff icials raced with Death, andDeath won," i s t he way theN ew Y o r k American put s i t .Other pa per s i n New York,Phi l adelphia , Bos ton, and Washington pu t the resp onsibi l i tysquare ly up to the company,as does the New York World,which, however , adds th at " th epubl ic tha t has encouraged and inf lamed this speed madn essmus t share the b l am e." And the New York Commercial asksi ts readers not to "blame s teamship-owners too severely without taking into accou nt wha t is perm it ted to go on every dayon shore ."

Fur t herm ore, according to al l the accou nts of the wreck,a sufifioient number of life-boats, properly equipped, and witha sh ip's crew dr i l led in th eir use, could have saved p ract i cal ly every person on board the Titanic. And there is a briefedi tor i a l paragraph in the New York Herald which sums upan opinion which is apparent ly held in near ly every newspaperoffice where the press wires have carried the news of the Titanic'sloss. Says The Herald:

"H ad this lates t express ion of merca nt i le naval co nstruct ionbeen suppl ied with fewer fol-de-rols , such as gymnasiums,swimming-tanks , and other non-essent ials to safety at sea,more boats and l i fe-raf ts could have been carr iedand everyl i fe have been saved under the condi t ions that prevai led whenth e Titanic r eceived her death-blow."I t i s " ab u n d an t l y ev i d en t " t o t h e N ew Y o r k Evening Post

" tha t on both s ides of th e ocean publ ic opinion is fas tening upo n the deficiency of life-boa ts as the one great lessonof ne glect b itte n in by th e awful loss of life on the Titanic.'-'Or , as t he Newark News and New York Su n regard the lesson

thu s taugh t the world, i t i s , to quote th e New Y ork pape r , " th eneed of an internat ional sys tem of inspect ion and equipmentand uniform requirements as to life-boats and life-rafts in sufficient numbec for al l on boardevery passenger , every off icer ,every member of the ship's force."

I t i s to be noted in this connect ion that Congress is nowinvest igat ing the loss of the Titanic, t ha t t he Br i t i sh Par l i amentwil l do l ikewise, and that several measures have been proposedin each body looking to s t r icter requirements and more carefulinspect ion.

As for suggest ions to prevent the repet i t ion of such seatragedies as the s inMng of theTitanic, their name is legion.Powerful searchl ights , eo phones ,mierothermometer s , and o therdevices to detec t the presence oficebergs are en dorsed by theirinven tors and others . Onenewspaper s t rongly urges Government or i n t ernat ional pat ro lof t he Nor th At l ant i c dur ingthe dangerou s season. An othe rwou ld hav e all liners cross inpairs , near enough so tha t onecould render assista,nce if theother met wi th mishap. Thenthere is the idea of a scout boa tto go ahead of the great s teamship, as a pi lot locomotive issometimes sent ahead of aspecial t rain.

A s tr iking ar t icle, wri t tensome time ago for The Navy(Wash.) by Capta in E. K. R oden,has been widely quo ted b y thepress since the loss of the Titanic. The wri ter asser ts tha t improve men ts in safety a ppl ianceson passenger ships are not keeping pace with the g^-owing demand for luxury and comfort inocean t ravel . Shipping-men havebeen qu oted as saying tha t theseluxuries are offered because theNo , repl ies the New York Evening

U N S I N K A B L E .Coffman in the New York Journalpubl i c demands them.Post. As a mat ter of fact ,

"E ac h l ine seeks to outdo the othe r in new and or iginalfeatures , so that their press agents may have more to talk about ,and that the newspapers wil l give more space to descr ipt ionsof the extraordinary success they have at tained in dupl icat ingon the ocean 'al l the features of the most luxur ious modernhotels . ' The n they forget to mak e a few thousan ds of dol larsof exp end iture necessa ry to b uy suflfjeient life-boats and rafts,but tel l us that i t i s al l the faul t of the publ ic!"In the course of the same edi tor ial The Evening Post point s outsome good resul ts l ikely to come from this horror-"every

humanitar ian advance in the his tory of shipping the world overha s been p urch ased b y suffering or loss of life." N ot in thehis tory of shipping only, says the Phi ladelphia North American:'' I t took horror heaped upon horror to es tabl ish the aggress ionupon exis t ing proper ty r ights which lay in denjdng to capi tal ther ight of investm ent in hotels and te nem ents witho ut f ire-escapes .T h e Titanic disaster will mean the end of allowing ' u n s i n k ab l e 'ships to sai l wi th one- third of the proper number of l i fe-boats ." O n t h e Titanic, on the General Slocum, as in the Tr iangleshir twais t factory, on rai l roads tha t fai l to provide safety app l i ances , and in factor ies where th e workm en are regarded as thecheapest raw mater ial , the sys tem is the same^gambling withhuman life for dollar profit."


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April 27, 1912 T H E L I T E R A E Y D I G E S T 8 6 9

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Copyriglited by Pach B r o s . , H e w York.

F A T H E R . S O N . G R A N D S O N .THR EE G ENERATIONS OF GRANTS.

Maj.-Gen. Fred erick Den t Grant, seen in the central picture, said: "M y father 's cliaracter has been my religion." At the r ight is U. S. Grant, 3d.

FREDERICK DENT GRANTa F (NOR MA NY YEA RS my father ' s characte r has beenmjr religion," Ma,ior-Qeneral Frederic k Den t G ran tonce declared; and when we add to this attit ud e ofdevotion and hero-worship a striking physical resemblance tohis illustrious father and a Ufe also largely devoted to the profession of arms, we have some of the reasons why ma ny editorsremark that in a pecuhar sense the death of the son breaks thestrongest link between the personaUty of Ulysses S. Grant andour own t ime. During the Civil War the boy, not yet thir teen,joined his father in the field and was thenceforth, accordingto the "Memoirs ," " in every bat t le of the campaign."

After graduation from West Point, he served ten years withthe Army, resigning in 1881 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel.In 1885 President H arrison appointed him Minister to Austr ia ,and later he served as a Police Commissioner of New York.But witli the outbreali of the Spanish War he again took uphis military career, seeing service in Porto Rico and the Philippines. At the time of his dea th he was stationed at Governo rsIsland in command of the Division of the Bast , an d was o utrankedin the active service only by Major-General Leonard Wood,Chief of the General Staff.Many tributes are paid to the strength of his convictions andto his moral courage, especially as exemplified in his attitudetow ard the liquor question. Whe n, in 1909, he rode in the fulluniform of his rank at the head of a prohibition parade inChicago, the propriety of his course was sharply challenged,but the Secretary of War decided that the act was not an official

one, and " th e matter was drop t ." A few weeks ago he causedno little jub ilation in tempera nce circles by coming o ut decis ively against the restorat ion of the army "canteen."Nowhere do we find more enthusiastic tributes to the son ofthe Civil War victor than in the Southern press. "T he sonwrought the sentiment of his father ' s phrase, 'Let us havepeace,' so faithfully into the fabric of his life as to write himselfdown a t j 'p ical American of the twentieth century," remarksthe At lan ta Constitution, and the Florida Times-Union says offather an d son: "E ac h did his work well and nei ther seemed tocare for or even be conscious of the appl ause ." In the Na shville Tfijiwesseean we read : "T he younge r G eneral G rant wasa vital factor in wiping out sectional lines in this cou ntry ."If the son had had the opportunity, he might have shown a

military genius equal to his father's, notes more than one writer,but only in the Spanish War did he have any such chance."That brief war was not replete with opportunit ies ," notes theBoston Transcript, and his hour of glory -never dawn ed. Th ePhiladelphia Press points out that "but for the Civil War,General U. S. Grant ' s mil i tary capacity would never have beendemonstrated, and he probably would have lived out his lifecomparat ively unknow n." And i t adds : "H ow far the youngerGra nt m ay have possest th e military genius of, his father willnever be known, for he was never tried."

CLARA BARTONIT IS AS our greatest national heroine and the equal of anysoldier or statesman of the Civil War that Clara Bartonappears to many of the editors who sum up her career.' ' Because she was perha ps the most perfect inca rnatio n of mercythe modern world has known, she became," says the Detroi tFree Press, "the founder of the most significant and wide-spreadphilanthropic movement c( tk .a age, a movement that alreadyhas become an intrinsic part of world-civilizatio n." A messengerof mercy to ma ny a sick and w ounded soldier in the 6 0's, from1881 to 1904 president of the American Red Cross Society, hername wil l a lways be l inked with that of England's "Lady of theCrim ea." But , observes the Boston Transcript, Miss Bar tonwas "t he angel of the battle-field al so," and "w en t ahe ad ofFlorence Nightingale, for she carried on her work absolutely inthe face of the enemy, to the sound of cannon and close to thefiring-line." Ind eed , add s The Transcript, "she was on thefiring-line for hu ma nity all her life. Th at is her life-stor y."Truly a wonderful woman was Clara Barton, "and a wonderfullife she lived," exclaims the Washington Times."Born in Massachuset ts more than ninety years ago (whenJames Monroe was President) , the daughter of a soldier who hadfollowed Mad Anthony Wayne in the Revolut ion, she l inked inher being all generations of independent America."The f irs t woman Government clerk, she represented in herpersonali ty al l the great social changes that have marked thenineteenth and the twentieth centuries .' ' The orga nizer of the American R ed Cross, she was a pioneerin the movement to lessen the sufferings of the indi\idual byconcentrat ing the chari ty of the community."

As the y ears unroll them, how "gre at and g lorious" seem her


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8 7 0 T H E L I T E B A B Y D I G E S T April 27, 1912works, as the Balt imore Su n contemplates them ! ClarissaHarlowe Barton , whom we know as C lara Barton , was born inBor dento wn , N. J., in 1821. She was for several years a successful teacher in her nativ e village. In the 50's she becamea elerk in the patent-office at Wash ingt on; she lost her placebecause of her too outspoken avowal of her political beliefs, andregained i t because of her prove d efficiency. Wh en the warbroke out, her attention was called to the lack of provision fortaking care of wounded soldiers on the battle-field, and for bringing to the men comforts and delicacies from home and friends.So she began the work tha t has madeher famous. She s tar ted in alone, but ,as one editor remarks, ."she was organizat ion itself."

Stories told in the newspaper accountsof this part of her career give ampleproof of her industry, zeal, courage,womanly tenderness, and, above al l ,her remarkable force of leadership, executive ability, an d skill in organ ization.She was soon given official recognitio n,and at the close of the war was ap pointed to head a commission to t racemissing soldiers. The n came a lecturetour. In 1869 she took a vacat ion inEuro pe. Bu t this resul ted in her assis t ing to form the Internat io nal RedCross Society. Then the Franco -Prus sian Wa r broke out and she served atthe front througho ut . After tha t warshe distrib uted relief to the people ofParis, where the ravages of the siegehad been fol lowed by the terrors of theCom mune. Then, after her retur n toher nat ive country in 1872, came ninelong years of pleading in personal effortsto secure the rat if icat ion by the UnitedStates of the internat io nal t reaty recognizing the Red Cross. Bu t her consequent appointment to the presidencyof the Am erican Red Cross at the ageof 60 by no mea ns ended her active work. The American society, a t her suggest ion, decided to extend i ts work " to aid thesuffering in times of great na tion al cala mit y." And quicklyfollowing, note s the Balt imo re Sun,"c am e her w ork in the series of disasters which opened withforest flres in Mich igan in 1881 , the Mississippi floods and cyclone, the floods of Ohio, the famine of Texas, the earthquakeof C harle ston, the cyclone of 1888 in Illinois, and the ep idemicof yellow fever in Flori da in the sam e year. The n cam e theJohnstown disaster of 1889, the Russian famine of 1892, thecyclone in Iowa the fol lowing year , and the hurr icane and t idalwave tha t swept the South Carolina is lands in 1893-94. Abrief breathing-space an d this woman alone braved the displeasure of princely powers to carry relief to stricken Armenia,only to retu rn to Cuba n reconcentrados demanding help, withthe Spanis h W ar and ocean-sw ept Ga lveston following swiftly."

In 1904 Miss B arto n retired from the presidency of the R edCross, and l ived quiet ly at her home in Glen Echo, Md., onthe Potomac, unti l her death on Apri l 12.

Will the life of any future woman, "with all the franchisesand l ibert ies which the future grants ," wonders the Detroi tJournal, "accomplish a work l ike that done by this woman ofthe past genera t ions? " The fact that she did so much in"ninely years without the bal lot ," can be used "ei ther for oragainst woman-suffrage," thinks the St . Louis Glohe-Democrat.But the New York Evening Post is certain that those who objectto giving w omen the ballot will find Miss Barto n and MissNightingale "hard to explain away."

P

\LC u p \

'jk'^iglUi'il lij .] . !

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Pi i i ( i \ , J i o s t o n .C LAR A B AR TON.

" She was on the firing-line for humanity all her life.

WARNING MEXICORESIDENT TAFT 'S s imul taneous warn ing to P res iden tMad ero and the rebel leader Orozoo tha t outrages ag ainstAmericans in Mexico must cease is greeted with almostuniversal approval by our press despite a scarcely less widespread conviction that it brings the possibility of intervention,ominously near. Altho official stat em ents from Wash ingto nare emphatic in their assurances tha t in tervention is not contemplated, many editors agree that i t now seems to be unavoidable unless Mexico heeds the warningra warning whose effect, notes the Cleveland Plain Dealer, "is not differentfrom that of an officially delivered ultima tum ." "T he p resen t tone of ourGovernm ent is an earnest reminder that ,there is an extrem e beyond ' which forbearance can not go," remarks the NewYork Tribune, which is general ly believed to speak on questions of the Ad-jninis trat ion 's policy with almost theaut ho rity of an official organ . And thesame paper ' s Washington correspondentcompares the Mexican Republic to " adrunken dancer doing a clog in hobnailshoes over a dynamite min e," and de

clares that " the pat ience of the Adminis trat ion is almost exhausted.""T he si tuat ion is becoming intolerable," admits the Chicago Record-Herald, and i t adds : "Ma dero mus t beaware of the fact tha t further evidenceof his inabili ty to cope with the rebellion can not fail to raise the questionof action of some sort from without."' ' I f President Mad ero can not main tainorder in his Republic, then it will bethe duty of the United States to takemeasures which wil l insure i ts main tenan ce," declares the Detroi t FreePress, which pictures Mexico as a ship

hopelessly strain ing to keep off a lee shore. "O ur Go vern me ntwill be compelled to interfere unless conditions improve," saysthe P i t t sburg Post, and the Buffalo Enquirer is 'convinced thatin such an event "Uncle Sam's plain duty will be fearlessly andquickly performed." "N o one who knows the condit ions prevai l ing in the republics between the Rio Grande and the Canaldoubts that this country wil l never remedy thes(< condit ionsuntil it acts in a manner as firm as it is disinterested," affirms,the Newark News, -whioiL thinks that " if intervention has got .to come, the sooner we're in and the sooner we're out the better.""I t can hardly be maintained that invasion is not in mind,,and imm inent ," says the Wash ington Post, which adds suggestively. " W hy indefini tely postpone the inevitab le?"Even so pacific a paper as the Boston Christian Science Monitorremarks with approval that the President ' s note "brings the

whole matter to an issue," and goes on to say:"Plainly, the Mexican Government must at once exhibi t i tsabil i ty to protect the persons and property of Americans in theRepublic , or the United States Government wiD. be driven to thenecessity of taking steps on its own account to bring about thisend. It mu st be as clear to Mexico as it is to the whole worldthat intervention is desired nei ther by the Government nor bythe people of the United S tates; equally clear must i t be, however, that exist ing condit ions should not be permit ted to continu e indefinitely. If this Gove rnm ent mu st do in the case ofMexico what it has already done in the case of Cuba, it will bemanifest ly to the interest of al l concerned that i t act promptlyand decisively. There is hardly a doubt th at American inte r-

The Titanic tragedy, article, The literary digest, 27 apr 1912

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