The Three Branches. The Legislative Branch The Senate The House of Representatives Makes the laws...
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![Page 1: The Three Branches. The Legislative Branch The Senate The House of Representatives Makes the laws Congress Powers found in Article I of The Constitution.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062713/56649cc05503460f949864ae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Three Branches
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The
Leg
isla
tive
Bra
nch
The Senate The House of Representatives
Makes the laws
Congress
Powers found in Article I
of The Constitution
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The E
xecutive Branch
Carries out the laws
President
Vice President
The Cabinet
The Bureaucracy
Powers found in Article II of The Constitution
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The
Jud
icia
l Bra
nch
Interprets the laws
Powers found in Article III of The Constitution
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The Constitution is the highest law of the land
Our country is based on concept of rule of law. No one is above the law
There are two ways judges and others view the Constitution: Strictly or loosely
The 1st Amendment states: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Abridging means to shorten without losing the sense or curtail.
What does freedom of speech mean to you?
Are you a strict constructionist or a loose constructionist?
Decide by answering the following question.
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Does the 1st Amendment clause of “freedom of speech” includeThe Internet?Twitter?Texting?Emails?
These things didn’t exist during the time of the Framers.
What would these guyssay today?
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Thomas Jefferson believed in a strict construction of the Constitution; that means, he believed people should follow exactly what was stated and allowed in the document. Anything not given to the federal government in the Constitution would be given to the states and the people.
Alexander Hamilton believed in a loose construction of the Constitution; he thought you could take whatever action you wanted, as long as the document did not specifically say you couldn't do it.
In other words a strict constructionist would feel the need to follow the specific instructions and rules of something, while a loose constructionist would feel it was acceptable to find a loophole, or do something not directly forbidden
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Roe v. Wade is the historic Supreme Court decision overturning a Texas interpretation of abortion law and making abortion legal in the United States. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without restriction, and with restrictions in later months, based on the right to privacy.
Strict or Loose Constructionist
All state laws limiting women's access to abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy were invalidated by Roe v. Wade. State laws limiting such access during the second trimester were upheld only when the restrictions were for the purpose of protecting the health of the pregnant woman. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others.
The case decision was based on the 9th Amendment. The Court said the 9th Amendment protected a person’s right to privacy. Read the 9th Amendment and see what you think.
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Strict or Loose Constructionist
The U.S. Supreme Court's 5-4 decision overturning Washington, D.C.'s handgun ban is the biggest gun rights ruling since the Second Amendment was ratified in 1791. The Court had not waded into this divisive issue since 1939, when it declared, "We cannot say that the Second Amendment guarantees the right to keep and bear" arms. But on Thursday the Court broke its silence to do just that, ruling for the first time that the Constitution confers an individual right to gun ownership beyond providing for "a well regulated Militia," as the amendment states. The Constitution does not permit "the absolute prohibition of handguns held and used for self-defense in the home," Justice Antonin Scalia, the court's arch-conservative, wrote in the majority opinion.
Time Magazine article from June 2008
You decide!
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In 1808, the government of New York granted a steamboat company a monopoly to operate its boats on the state's waters, which included bodies of water that stretched between states. Aaron Ogden held a license under this monopoly to operate steamboats between New Jersey and New York. Thomas Gibbons, another steamboat operator, competed with Aaron Ogden on this same route but held a federal coasting license issued by an act of Congress. Ogden filed a complaint in New York court to stop Gibbons from operating his boats, claiming that the monopoly granted by New York was legal even though he operated on shared, interstate waters. Gibbons disagreed arguing that the U.S. Constitution gave Congress the sole power over interstate commerce. After losing twice in New York courts, Gibbons appealed the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court determined that the commerce clause of the Constitution grants the federal government the power to determine how interstate commerce is conducted.
Strict or Loose Constructionist
Huh???
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Which branch of government is mainly responsible for passing laws, approving budgets, and approving appointments of officials?
Which branch of the national government is the U.S. Congress in?
The Supreme Court hears important legal cases, and has the power of "judicial review." That means the Supreme Court has the power to declare a law ____________.
Which branch of government is mainly responsible executing the laws, preparing budgets, administering government agencies, and appointing officials?
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Which branch of the national government is the president the head of?
Which Supreme Court case declared abortion is illegal?
Someone who follows the Constitution word for word and does not interpret what it is meant say is known as a _______________________________
What does “rule of law” mean?
What is meant by domestic tranquility?
The Preamble includes the phrases “establish justice” and “secure the blessings of liberty. ” The Pledge of Allegiance contains the words, “with liberty and justice for all.”What do the terms liberty and justice mean to you?
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delegated – These powers are also called expressed or enumerated powers.
They are directly granted to the federal government by the Constitution in Article I,
Section 8.
reserved – powers that are neither granted to the federal government nor expressly forbidden to the states and are therefore retained by the states or by the people. 10th Amendment.
Powers of Government
Federal Powers State Powersconcurrent – powers held by both the federal and state governments.
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implied (necessary and proper clause, elastic clause) – the powers granted to the federal government in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, of the Constitution. Congress is given the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its responsibilities. Aka the elastic clause because it gives Congress powers that can be reasonably inferred from the brief wording of its expressed powers.
Implied Powers
What is an example of an necessary and proper law?
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These are the powers expressly denied to the federal
government in Article I, Section 9 and in the First through
Eighth Amendments; for example, the federal government
can not tax goods sold to other countries, nor can it pass
laws that significantly restrain our constitutional rights and
liberties.
Denied Powers
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Denied Powers
Suspension of habeas corpusBills of AttainderEx post facto laws
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Habeas Corpus
A court order
commanding an
officer holding a
prisoner bring the
prisoner before the court.
The officer must show good cause in order to hold the prisoner
longer.
Bills of Attainder
Inflicting punishment without a court trial.Remember a personis due a speedy andpublic trial.
Ex post facto laws
Punishing
someone for
an act before
the act was
ruled a crime
Which of the Bill of Rights reflect these denied powers of government?
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Reserved Powers
Powers given to the states, among these are:LicensingMarriage and divorce lawsDrinking ageSet up public school systems
What are some other powers states have that the Federal government does not?
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Supremacy Clause
Supremacy Clause- Article VI, Section 2 of the Constitution,
establishes two principles. The federal government is superior
over all state and local governments. It also establishes the
Constitution as the “supreme law of the land,” making it
superior over all levels of government in the United States.
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Some terms to know and apply
Preamble to the Constitution purposes of governmentdomestic tranquility common defense general welfare justice liberty Governmental powers:delegated concurrent reserved implied (necessary and proper clause, elastic clause) denied
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Limits on government:checks and balancesseparation of powers federalism judicial review consent of the governed popular sovereigntystates’ rights due process
Some terms to know and apply