The thickness of lens in diagram 2.1 is compare to lens diagram 2.2
thicker The focal length in diagram2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2 shorter smaller The size of image producedin diagram 2.1 is compare to diagram 2.2. Thickness of the spring wire
Maximum height reached by the ball Relate : Thickness and maximum height Thickness and elastic potential energy Relate depth of sinking and pressure
Compare depth of sinking : Depth of sinking on diagram 3.1 is deeper than diagram 3.2 Compare load : The load of diagram 3.1 is equal to diagram 3.2 Area on contact : The area of contact in diagram 3.1 is smaller than Diagram 3.2 Relate depth of sinking and pressure The deeper the depth, the higher the pressure Relationship Pressure and area When the area increaes,the pressure decreases Explaination question
3 or 4 marks Submarine on surface submerge ( 3 marks)
Ballast tank Partly filled Weight = buoyant force Fill with water Weightincreases Weight > buoyant force Submarine submerge Paper burns, convex lens, sun ray
The parallel rays of the sun will pass through the a convex lens 4Heat increases, paper burn 2.After entering the lens, the light rays is focusedat the principal focus of the lens 3.At the principal focus, the light ray is focused on one small area Thermal equilibrium Heat flow Hot to cold
Thermal equilibrium achieved. Temperature of water = temp of thermometer No more heat flow High pitch , only C , low pitch until A
High pitch high frekuensi Short wave length will diffract until C only Low pitch low frekuensi long wave length Sweat cold rotating fan
Sweat is being evaporated Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is absorbed Air movement velocity increases Evaporation rate increases Copper block volume big Bowl copper volume small
Small volume small Uptrust small Block sink because weight > uptrust Sheet float because weight = uptrust the surface of the board the shape of the board
Diagrambelow shows a sailboat. You are required to give some suggestions to design a sailboat which can travel faster. Using the knowledge on motion, forces and the properties of materials, explain the suggestions based on the following aspects: the surface of the board the shape of the board material used for the sail the size of the sail smooth surface / coat with wax streamline shape low density material Wide size water-proof material Type of material used as the cap of the thermal flask
Type of inner wall and outer surface The density of material used Thermal strength of the flask Modification Reason Plastic stopper Reduce heat loss through conduction Vacum space Reduce heat transfer Use flourescent lamp Energy saver lamp Adjustable stand
Reduce the heat from the desk lamp Bigger cover with white colour Design of the lamp desk Safety features of the lamp Connect earth wire Energy efficiency of the lamp Energy saver lamp Comfort of the person who will use the lamp. Adjustable stand Capacity Safety features Power Stability and other relevant aspects Section B variables Manipulated : depth of water ( real depth)
Responding: position of image (apparent depth) Constant: density of water Inference : Depth of water affect the position of image.
Hypothesis : when real depth increases, the apparent depth increases. Aim : To investigate the relationship between depth of water ( real depth ) and position of image ( apparent depth) Apparatus and material :
tall beaker, meter rule, pins, cork, water, retort stand procedure Real Depth : start experiment with what depth??
Mention manipulated quantity : Real Depth : start experiment with what depth?? Fill the beaker with water to a height of 20 cm b) Method of measuring responding variable : apparent depth
With meter rule, measure the apparent depth. Repeat experiment : Repeat experiment withdifferent depth such as : 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cmand 60 cm. Tabulate data 20 30 40 50 60 Real depth / D ( cm)
Apparent depth / d (cm) 20 30 40 50 60 Analyse data Apparent depth / d( cm ) Real depth / D (cm) mass variable Manipulated : Responding : Period oscillation Constant :
Number of oscillation mass inference Period oscillation ____________________ affect
_______________________ mass Period oscillation hypothesis mass When increases, increases period ofoscillation mass To investigate the relationship between and aim
period ofoscillation Apparatus and arrangement
Hacksaw blade, stop watch, plasticine and G clamp. Method of controlling manipulated variable
Manipulate variable : mass control :the first mass Plasticine with a mass of 50 g is clamped. Method of measuring responding variable
Responding variable : period Measure pressure using : stopwatch Using stop watch , measure the time taken for 20 complete oscillation, calculate the period and record the data Analyse data Period / s Mass / g 20 30 40 50 60 Graph Mass / g Period / s force variable Manipulated : Responding : Extension of the spring
Constant : Diameter of the spring force inference extension of the spring ____________________ affect
_______________________ force extension of the spring hypothesis force When increases, increases extension of the spring force To investigate the relationship between and aim
extension of the spring Apparatus and arrangement
Spring, slotted weight, retort stand, meter rule Method of controlling manipulated variable
Manipulate variable : force control :the first mass of slotted weight Slotted weight of 50 g is attached to the spring. Method of measuring responding variable
Responding variable : extension of the spring Measure pressure using : meter rule Using meter rule, measure the length of the spring . Analyse data Mass ( g) Force ( N) Length of the spring ( cm) Extension of the spring ( cm) 50 0.5 100 1.0 150 1.5 200 2.0 250 2.5 20 30 40 50 60 Graph Force / N Extension of the spring / cm Paper 3 Bahagian A 1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
SECTION A : Question 1 1(a)(i)Manipulated variable : ____________________ 1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________ 1(a)(iii)Constant variable: ____________________ Temperature, Volume, V EXAMPLE: A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between temperature, , and the volume, V, of trapped air. A beaker is filled with cold water until the air column in the capillary tube is totally immersed. A thermometer is put into the water to determine the temperature of the water. The arrangement of the apparatus for the experiment is shown in Figure 11.1. 1(a)(i) Manipulated variable : ____________________
SECTION A : Question 1 1(a)(i)Manipulated variable : ____________________ 1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________ 1(a)(iii)Constant variable: ____________________ Temperature, Length, l 1 2 l1 Figure 11.2 : Temperature, = 30 C m.v r.v length, l = cm SECTION A : Question 1 1(a)(i)Manipulated variable : ____________________ 1(a)(ii) Responding variable : ____________________ 1(a)(iii)Constant variable: ____________________ (depends on the experiment) Which of the following is possibly a constant variable? MISTAKES!!! A) Mass B) ThermometerC) Air A) Water B) StopwatchC) Time A) Length B) Air columnC) Ruler 1(b) Based on Figures 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, determine l
SECTION A : Question 1 1(b) Based on Figures 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6, determine l when is equal to 30 C, 35 C, 40 C, 45 C and 50 C. Tabulate your results for l and V for each value of in the space below. / C l / cm V / cm3 30 35 40 45 50 Spot the errors! t1 t2 tmean T T2 l 17 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76 20 22.4 22
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors! No unit! t1 t2 tmean T T2 l 17 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76 20 22.4 22 22.2 1.11 1.23 30 25 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.54 40 28 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.02 50 30.8 31 30.9 1.55 2.4 60 Not consistence! Spot the errors! l t1 t2 tmean T T2 20.0 cm 17.0 s 17.6 s 17.3 s
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors! Unit at the wrong place! l t1 t2 tmean T T2 20.0 cm 17.0 s 17.6 s 17.3 s 0.87 s 0.76 s2 30.0 cm 22.4 s 22.0 s 22.2 s 1.11 s 1.23 s2 40.0 cm 25.0 s 24.6 s 24.8 s 1.24 s 1.54 s2 50.0 cm 28.0 s 28.8 s 28.4 s 1.42 s 2.02 s2 60.0 cm 30.8 s 31.0 s 30.9 s 1.55 s 2.40 s2 Spot the errors! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s 20.0 17.0
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors! Wrong unit! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s 20.0 17.0 17.6 17.3 0.865 0.748 30.0 22.4 22.0 22.2 1.11 1.232 40.0 25.0 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.537 50.0 28.0 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.016 60.0 30.8 31.0 30.9 1.545 2.387 Not consistence! Spot the errors! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s2 20.0 17.0
SECTION A : Question 1 Spot the errors! No error! l/ cm t1 / s t2 / s tmean / s T / s T2 / s2 20.0 17.0 17.6 17.3 0.87 0.76 30.0 22.4 22.0 22.2 1.11 1.23 40.0 25.0 24.6 24.8 1.24 1.54 50.0 28.0 28.8 28.4 1.42 2.02 60.0 30.8 31.0 30.9 1.55 2.40 GOOD ANSWER! 2) Write quantities and units on x-axis and y-axis
SECTION A : Question 1 What is a GOOD graph? 1) Starting at origin (0,0) 2) Write quantities and units on x-axis and y-axis 3) Has uniform scale 4) All points are transferred correctly 5) Draw one straight line and intersect any of the axes 6) Distribute other points equally Plotting the graph: on the graph paper, plot graph T2 againts l
Remember to write the quantity & units T2 / s2 Remember to choosea good scale Carefully transfer all points Draw the best line . . . . . l / cm SECTION A : Question 1 BAD GRAPH! SECTION A : Question 1 Accepted graph SECTION A : Question 1 Rejected graph more than 1 cm SECTION A : Question 1 Rejected graph more than 0.5 cm SECTION A : Question 1 Conclusion a
b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b a b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b SECTION A : Question 1 Conclusion a
b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b a 1/b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to 1/b C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b SECTION A : Question 2 2(a)(i) Relationship a
b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b a 1/b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to 1/b C) a is linearly increasing with 1/b SECTION A : Question 2 2(a)(i) Relationship a
b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b a b A) a is inversely proportional to b B) a is directly proportional to b C) a is linearly increasing with b SECTION A : Question 2 2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of P when h = 3.0 cm P / Nm-2 P = 4.0 Nm-2 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 h / cm SECTION A : Question 2
2(a)(ii) Determine Corresponding Value : determine the value of m when is 4.0 / C 1/m = 0.3 g-1 4.0 m = 3.3 g 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1/m / g-1 Triangle must at least 4 x 5 Checked substitution Remember unit
SECTION A : Question 2 Triangle must at least 4 x 5 Checked substitution 2(b)(i) Determine Gradient y Remember unit / C Gradient, l = 4.0 C 0.4 g-1 4.0 x 3.0 l = 10.0 C g 2.0 Gradient must be in decimal number. No fraction. 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 1/m / g-1 2(b)(ii) Calculation problem (involving the gradient)
Heat produce from an experiment can be determine by using the fomula Q = ml, Where l is the gradient and m is the mass. Calculate the value of heat when mass is 2.0 kg. SECTION A : Question 2 2(c) Calculation problem Reminder! 1) Check for the conversion of units 2) Substitute figures at the correct places 3) Write the final answer in decimal number (Do not give the answer in fraction!!!) 4) Do not forget the UNIT Q = ml Gradient : l = 10.0 J g-1 Q = 2 x 10 Q = 2 000 x 10
J kg-1 Gradient :l = 10.0 J g-1 Mass = 2 kg Q = 2 x 10 2000 g Q = x 10 Q = 2 x 104 J = 20 kJ method reason SECTION A : Question 2 2(d) Precaution Reminder!
1) It is NOT SAFETY PRECAUTION!!! Take few readings and find the average to reduce random error Position of eyes is perpendicular to the scale to avoid parallax error Chapter by chapter 2.1 Analysing LinearMotion :
distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration 2.2 Analysing MotionGraphs : interpret and analyse graph 2.3 Understanding Inertia : explain what inertia is. relate mass to inertia. give examples of situations involving inertia. suggest ways to reduce the negative effects of inertia 2.4 Analysing Momentum : define the momentum of an object. define momentum, p as the product of mass, m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv. state the principle of conservation of momentum. describe applications of conservation of solve problems involving momentum Understanding the effects of a Force
determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma. solve problems using F = ma. 2.4 Analysing Momentum define momentum, p as the product of mass, m and velocity, v, i.e. p = mv. state the principle of conservation of momentum. describe applications of conservation of momentum. Understanding the effects of a Force
describe the effects of balanced forces acting on an object. describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on an object. determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration, i.e. F = ma. Analysing Impulse and Impulsive Force
explain the effect of increasing or decreasing time of impact on the magnitude of the impulsive force. describe situation where an impulsive force needs to be reduced and suggest ways to reduce it. describe situations where an impulsive force is beneficial Understanding Work, Energy, Power and Efficiency
state that when work is done energy is transferred from one object to another. define kinetic energy define gravitational potential energy state the principle of conservation of energy. Understanding Elasticity Paper 3 Section B Answer for question 1 Manipulated variable :
mass ( of the slotted weight) Responding variable : volume of the slotted weight Constant variable : density V0 = 27 cm3 m = 50.0 kg, V1 = 33 cm3, V = 6 cm3 m = kg V1 = 39 cm3, V = 12 cm3 m = kg V1 = 45 cm3, V = 18 cm3 m = kg V1 = 51 cm3, V = 24 cm3 m = kg V1 = 57 cm3, V = 30 cm3 Mass / g Volume of water / cm3 Volume of slotted weight/ cm3 50.0 33.0 6.0 100.0 39.0 12.0 150.0 45.0 18.0 200.0 51.0 24.0 250.0 57.0 30.0 Answer for question 2 (a)
a)(i) a 1/x (ii) a = 12, 1/x = 0.5. x = 2.0 cm (iii) Gradient , m = 24 cm3 2(b) = m / l = 24 / 20.0 = 1.2 cm 2(c) v = f = 1.2 x 12
= cm s-1 2(d)The position of eye must perpendicular to the reading scale to avoid parallax error Paper 3 Bahagian A Graph Force / N Extension of the spring / cm