THE PROSTATE · the penis Prostate gland Fibromuscular stroma Ductal lumen Prostatic fluid...
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What is the Prostate? The prostate is a gland consisting of fibrous, muscular and glandular tissue surrounding the urethra below the urinary bladder. Its function is to secrete prostatic fluid as a medium for semen, helping it to reach the female reproductive tract. Within the prostate, the urethra is joined by two ejaculatory ducts. During sexual activity, the prostate acts as a valve between the urinary and reproductive tracts. This enables semen to ejaculate without mixing with urine. Prostatic fluid is delivered by the contraction of muscles around gland tissue. Nerve and hormonal influences control the secretory and muscular functions of the prostate. Bladder wall Pubic symphysis Internal urethral sphincter Prostatovesicular junction Prostate gland Deep dorsal vein of the penis Urinary bladder Seminal vesicles Internal urethral sphincter Ejaculatory ducts Prostatic capsule Anterior rectal wall Prostatic urethra Prostatic utricle External urethral sphincter Peritoneal covering over bladder dome Retropubic space Membranous urethra Venous plexus Openings of urethral gland Prostate glandular tissue lobes Urogenital diaphragm Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Prostate Testis Adrenal gland Pituitary Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), is the most common type of tumor in mature men. It is a benign growth, which means it may enlarge but will not spread to other locations in the body. The tumor can cause discomfort and may grow to completely close the bladder neck, preventing urination. This condition occurs because the tumor usually grows in the transitional zone and periurethral gland region located at the prostate base near the bladder neck. Early BPH: Narrowing of the prostatic urethra causing difficulty in starting, maintaining, and stopping urination. Prostatitis Prostatitis is an uncomfortable condition in which the prostate becomes inflamed and swollen due to an infection. Prostatitis can make urinating painful. Prostate Cancer Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in men. Unlike BPH, prostate cancer not only enlarges but also metastasizes (spreads) to other parts of the body. This disease is complicated by the simple transfer of cancer cells directly to other parts of the body through a local plexus of veins. Glands of the Prostate The prostate is mainly filled with secretory glands. These glands are made of many ducts with grape- shaped saccule ends or “acini”. Secretory cells lining the ducts are stimulated by hormones to expel prostatic fluid. During sexual activity muscle contracts and expels the fluid. The basal cell, also found lining the ducts of the prostate, may be responsible for most types of prostatic hyperplasia as a result of uncontrolled prostatic tissue growth. The prostate functions continuously, producing fluid which empties into the urethra. Hormones from the pituitary gland direct the adrenal glands and the testes to send chemical signals to the prostate to promote fluid production. Hormonal Influence on the Prostate Normal Prostate (sagittal section) Ureteral orifice Trigone Bulbourethral gland Membranous urethra Fibromuscular wall of bladder Ductus deferens Ureter Ampulla of ductus deferens Seminal vesicles Levator ani m. Prostatic utricle Interureteric fold Trigone Muscular wall of bladder Urethra in bladder neck Base Prostatic urethra Orifice of ejaculatory duct Urethral crest Membranous urethra Pathway for Plexiform Venous Arborizations Apex Superior View (transverse section) Ejaculatory ducts Prostatic utricle Secretory gland with grape-shaped acinus end. Secretory cells are the most numerous in the gland and form the inner lining. The basal cell is located below the lining surface and may function to rebuild prostatic tissue after infection or other damage. Prostatic urethra Prostatic duct Vasculature and Innervation Vesical plexus Middle vesical a., v. Inferior vesical a., v. Prostatic nerve plexus Pelvic plexus Ureter Ductus deferens Urinary bladder Umbilical a. Pubic symphysis Deep dorsal vein of the penis Prostate gland Fibromuscular stroma Ductal lumen Prostatic fluid Malignant tumor (prostatic carcinoma) ©1999, 2000 Anatomical Chart Company, a division of Springhouse Corporation. 9863 Zones of the Prostate Prostatic urethra Ejaculatory duct A digital rectal exam is very useful in detecting early signs of prostatic enlargement. Prostatic urethra Prostatis (inflamed prostate tissues) THE PROSTATE Anterior View with Exposed Prostatic Urethra Posterior View (dissected) Prostatic sinus Orifice of ureter A- Central zone B - Fibromuscular zone C - Transitional zone D- Peripheral zone E - Periurethral gland region E D A C B A B C D E Prostatic utricle Superior vesical a., v. }
Transcript of THE PROSTATE · the penis Prostate gland Fibromuscular stroma Ductal lumen Prostatic fluid...
What is the Prostate?The prostate is a gland consisting of fibrous, muscular and glandular tissue surrounding theurethra below the urinary bladder. Its function is to secrete prostatic fluid as a medium for semen,helping it to reach the female reproductive tract. Within the prostate, the urethra is joined by twoejaculatory ducts. During sexual activity, the prostate acts as a valve between the urinary andreproductive tracts. This enables semen to ejaculate without mixing with urine. Prostatic fluid isdelivered by the contraction of muscles around gland tissue. Nerve and hormonal influencescontrol the secretory and muscular functions of the prostate.
Bladder wall
Pubic symphysisInternal urethralsphincter
Prostatovesicular junction
Prostate gland
Deep dorsalvein of
the penis
Urinary bladder
Seminal vesicles
Internal urethral sphincter
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostatic capsule
Anterior rectal wall
Prostatic urethra
Prostatic utricle
External urethral sphincter
Peritoneal coveringover bladder dome
Retropubic space
Membranous urethra
Venous plexus
Openings of urethral gland
Prostate glandulartissue lobes
Urogenitaldiaphragm
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Prostate
Testis
Adrenal gland
Pituitary
Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), is the most common type of tumor in mature men. It is abenign growth, which means it may enlarge but will not spread to other locations in the body.The tumor can cause discomfort and may grow to completely close the bladder neck, preventingurination. This condition occurs because the tumor usually grows in the transitional zone andperiurethral gland region located at the prostate base near the bladder neck.
Early BPH:Narrowing of the prostaticurethra causing difficulty instarting, maintaining, andstopping urination.
ProstatitisProstatitis is an uncomfortablecondition in which the prostatebecomes inflamed and swollendue to an infection. Prostatitiscan make urinating painful.
Prostate CancerProstate carcinoma is the most common malignanttumor in men. Unlike BPH, prostate cancer not onlyenlarges but also metastasizes (spreads) to other partsof the body. This disease is complicated by the simpletransfer of cancer cells directly to other parts of thebody through a local plexus of veins.
Glands of the ProstateThe prostate is mainly filled with secretory glands.These glands are made of many ducts with grape-shaped saccule ends or “acini”. Secretory cellslining the ducts are stimulated by hormones toexpel prostatic fluid. During sexual activitymuscle contracts and expels the fluid. Thebasal cell, also found lining the ducts of theprostate, may be responsible for most types of prostatic hyperplasia as a result of uncontrolled prostatic tissue growth.
The prostate functionscontinuously,producing fluidwhich empties intothe urethra.Hormones from thepituitary gland directthe adrenal glandsand the testes to sendchemical signalsto the prostate topromote fluidproduction.
Hormonal Influence on the Prostate
Normal Prostate (sagittal section)
Ureteral orifice
Trigone
BulbourethralglandMembranous
urethra
Fibromuscular wallof bladder
Ductus deferensUreter
Ampulla of ductus deferensSeminal vesicles
Levator ani m.Prostatic utricle
Interureteric fold
Trigone
Muscular wall of bladder
Urethra in bladder neckBase
Prostatic urethraOrifice of ejaculatory duct
Urethral crest
Membranous urethra
Pathway for PlexiformVenous Arborizations
ApexSuperior View
(transverse section)
Ejaculatory ductsProstatic utricle
Secretory gland with grape-shaped acinus end.
Secretory cells arethe most numerous
in the gland and formthe inner lining.
The basal cell is locatedbelow the lining surface
and may function torebuild prostatic tissue after
infection or other damage.
Prostaticurethra
Prostatic duct
Vasculature and Innervation
Vesical plexus
Middle vesical a., v.
Inferior vesical a., v.
Prostatic nerve plexus
Pelvicplexus
Ureter Ductusdeferens
Urinarybladder
Umbilical a.
Pubicsymphysis
Deep dorsalvein of
the penisProstate gland
Fibromuscular stroma
Ductal lumen
Prostatic fluid
Malignant tumor(prostatic carcinoma)
©1999, 2000 Anatomical Chart Company, a division of Springhouse Corporation.9863
Zones of the Prostate
Prostatic urethra
Ejaculatoryduct
A digital rectal exam is very useful in detecting early signs of prostatic enlargement.
Prostatic urethra
Prostatis(inflamedprostatetissues)
THE PROSTATE
Anterior View with Exposed Prostatic Urethra
Posterior View (dissected)
Prostatic sinus
Orifice of ureter
A - Central zoneB - Fibromuscular zoneC - Transitional zoneD - Peripheral zoneE - Periurethral gland region
E
D
A
CB
A
B
C
D
E
Prostatic utricle
Superiorvesical a., v.
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