The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering) (FATF), is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering. In 2001 the purpose expanded to act on terrorism financing.The FATF Secretariat is housed at the headquarters of the OECD in Paris.

Necessary limit

Why in News- Capping the prices of medical stents, which are used to treat coronary artery disease, by the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is an extreme regulatorymeasure overall delivery of health care in India.

Rising costs have led to impoverishment of families and litigation demanding regulation. Balance are inevitable - private, commercial, and citizens, correctives According to reports - two-thirds of the high out-of-pocket expenditure on health incurred by

Indians went towards drugs; Regulated prices can, therefore, be expected to make stents more accessible to patients It is worth recalling that there are over 60 million diagnosed diabetics in the country, and the

average age at which the first heart attack strikes Indians is 50. Health-care providers often demand market-determined pricing of medical technologies. In the case of cardiac stents, this argument does not hold water since stakeholder consultations

held by the NPPA in January revealed that there are ‘huge unethical markups’ in the supply chain. It was estimated fie years ago by the Planning Commission’s expert group on universal health

coverage that raising spending on public procurement of medicines to 0.5% of GDP (from 0.1%) would provide all essential medicines to everyone.

Conclusion1)-The Centre should monitor expenditures jointly in partnership with the community, 2)-Use regulation where needed, 3)-Raise public spending on health.5)-Well-considered price control is a positive step, but more needs to be done. 6)-This should be a priority programme to be completed in not more than five years.

Stent: A tube designed to be inserted into a vessel or passageway to keep it open.Stents are inserted into narrowed coronary arteries to help keep them open after balloon angioplasty. The stent then allows the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.

The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is a government regulatory agency that controls the prices of pharmaceutical drugs in India –HQ- New Delhi –Parent department - Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and FertilizersThe NPPA was formed on 29 August 1997. It has been given powers to implement and enforce the Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO), 1995/2013.1)- It can fund studies regarding pricing of drugs. 2)-It also has the task to monitor drug shortages and take appropriate actions to rectify it. 3)-It also has to collect and maintain data regarding the import and export of drugs, market shares of pharmaceutical companies and their profits. 4)-It also handles legal disputes that arise out of policies created by it.5)- It advices the Government of India in matters of drug policies and pricing.6)-It renders advice to the Central Government on changes/ revisions in the drug policy

When the unelected set the agenda

Intro- Traffic Rule Vs Our way of thinking- We are slowly losing our autonomy to define ourselves — who we are and who we want to be seen as

Rules and individual agencyFollowing rules is very easy, and at the same time also difficult. Two components: 1)- One, the action corresponding to the rule, 2)- And the other our interpretation of the intention of that rule.Most times, when motorists jump a signal, they are not breaking a rule per se as much as interpreting it in terms of its original intention. They recognise that there is no traffic in front of them and then act based on their decision that red lights are not meant to be followed when there is no traffic.But there are also some who jump signals because they feel they are not bound by any social norms.Should we blindly follow social norms, or should we be independent interpreters of the rules of society?

Sometimes it may seem that our individual decision is better than the social norm. – Traffic rule case + Water to Sun.Some might suggest that it is useless to wait for two minutes at a signal when there is no traffic at all on the roads. How should we act in such cases?Does the social norm, even when not appropriate in a particular context, always supersede rational individual decision? Or is it better to have a thinking citizenship, one that refuses to blindly follow rules without interpreting them to see what really suits the context? It is also this same attitude of individual interpretations of social norms that drives much of the conflicts in India today, including the problem of corruption, intolerenceFor example, the attack on Sanjay Leela Bhansali in connection with his film Padmavati, The debate on jallikattu,And the actions of the self- appointed protectors of religions, traditions and the nation.

Identity is primarily about rules and how we follow these rules.Identities such as gender, caste and religion are largely decided by the norms of a larger society.Living in society is then largely a matter of following these rules, stopping at the ‘social red lights’ as required.Choosing our own identity — how we see ourselves — is one of the most cherished autonomies that we have.The erosion of autonomyWe are slowly losing our autonomy to define ourselves, to define who we are and who we want to be seen as.In the recent jallikattu case, the claims and counterclaims were not as much about bulls as it was about the identity of being Tamil.People who wrote in support of the ban on jallikattu were labelled as anti Tamil.*Just like the lack of traffic police leads to individuals who suddenly decide to regulate traffic so too the lack of political leaders leads to small groups taking over the task of regulating society.

This is a consequence of the nature of democratic politics- Representative politics is a system where we voluntarily give away our autonomy to politicians. We gift the politicians the right to govern us in the hope that they will do the right thing by us -Alas, this is a hope that is no longer possible in democracies around the world and in India.Democracy is the contract by which we voluntarily agree to follow the rules created by a group of people whom we elect. The other direction of the contract is that the politicians not only make rules that benefit the citizens but also communicate the intention behind those rules in clear terms. When these intentions are left ambiguous, social conflicts arise since -leading to the failure of the democratic contract.One of the first signs that the system has failed is when the unelected start dictating the society with their definition of what social rules mean instead of democratically negotiating these rules. They then run through society like they run through signal lights while the rest of us sit and watch helplessly waiting for the lights to change.

Marching to be countedWith anti-immigrant tensions rising in Britain- responses such as 1daywithoutus too will sharpen1 Day Without Us was a National Day of Action on 20th Feb 2017 to celebrate the contribution of

migrants to the UK, to coincide with UN World Day of Social.The Brexit effectWhile anti-immigrant sentiment - it’s been on the increase since June 23 last year, when Britain

voted to leave the EUAttacks on the Indian community, particularly outside London According to data compiled by the news agency Press Association, published earlier this month,-

reported a record number of hate crimes in the three months after the Brexit vote, with even cosmopolitan London recording 3,356 cases.

The contribution of immigrants to the U.K. is hard to dispute: according to a report published earlier this week by the think-tank, the New Economics Foundation, British daily GDP would take a 4% hit if migrant workers stopped working for a day, costing the economy £328 million- working in the health-care sector , food and hospitality.

International students make up 20% of the student population in the U.K., according to the National Union of Students.

1 day without usWe need to start a new positive narrative about the impact of immigration on this country, to celebrate the story of migration- instead of having a situation where immigrants are blamed for everything and scapegoated.The event attempted to go beyond focussing on the economic contribution of migration to the huge impact it has on the country’s way of life- highlight the cultural impact of migrantsThe 1daywithoutus event follows close on the heels of the Day Without Immigrants protest in the U.S. With anti-immigrant tensions showing little sign of waning in the West, the call for such movements highlighting the role of immigrants is likely to grow.

What’s in a name?

Far from hubris(अभिमान), Anthropocene is a formal acknowledgement of guilt about what we have to done to the earthAnthropocene - period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment.Anthropocene, as this proposed epoch(युग) is called, roughly means the ‘Recent Age of Man’ and was first proposed by Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen and atmospheric scientist Eugene Stoermer around 2000.Today we live in the Holocene, a period that began roughly 12,000 years ago.This corresponds to the beginning of agriculture, the earliest settlements in West Asia, and the multiplication of humanity to every part of the globe. Geologists mark out an age based on imprints(स्पष्ट झलक भमलती है) in fossil records. Is Anthropocene man’s self-attestation that he is the master of the universe?If the planet were to end- When the leaders of the world congratulated themselves in Paris about their success in getting everyone to agree (without any binding commitments) that the earth couldn’t be allowed to heat up two degrees-hopes that somehow technology and evolution will ‘save’ us. The lesson for doomsday(कयामत का भदन) scenarios is that survival must involve a massive upheaval(उथल-पुथल) in the way we conceive of our place on earth.Anthropocene is man scratching out a timestamp in the sand, not to show that we lived but just that we existed

The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering) (FATF), is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering. In 2001 the purpose expanded to act on terrorism financing. It monitors countries' progress in implementing the FATF Recommendations by ‘peer reviews’ (‘mutual evaluations’) of member countries.The FATF Secretariat is housed at the headquarters of the OECD in Paris.

The film is a fictionalized account of the life of Rani Padmini, a legendary queen mentioned in Padmavat. She was the wife of RanaRawal Ratan Singh, the ruler of Mewar. In 1303, Alauddin Khilji, the Turkic ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, laid siege to the ChittorFort in Rajputana. According to Padmavat, Khilji led the invasion motivated by his desire to capture Rani Padmini.

The United Nations' (UN) World Day of Social Justice is annually observed on February 20 to encourage people to look at how social justice affects poverty eradication. It also focuses on the goal of achieving full employment and support for social integration.

The Holocene is the geological epoch that began after the Pleistocene at approximately 11,700 years before present. The term "Recent" has often been used as an exact synonym of "Holocene", although this usage is discouraged in 21st-century science.

The chief difference between arteries and veins is the job that they do. Arteriescarry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and veins carry oxygen-poor blood back from the body to the heart. Your body also contains other, smaller blood vessels.