The Structured Interview Protocol: a research- based … Structured Interview Protocol: a...
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The Structured Interview Protocol: a research- based PEACE-compliant investigative interviewing training programme Fiona Gabbert 1 , Lorraine Hope 2 , David La Rooy 3 , Ashleigh McGregor 1 , Rebecca Milne 2 , Tom Ellis 2, & Gavin Oxburgh 4 1 Goldsmiths University of London 2 University of Portsmouth 3 Royal Holloway University of London 4 Newcastle University
Transcript of The Structured Interview Protocol: a research- based … Structured Interview Protocol: a...
The Structured Interview Protocol: a research-based PEACE-compliant investigative
interviewing training programme
Fiona Gabbert1, Lorraine Hope2, David La Rooy3, Ashleigh McGregor1, Rebecca Milne2, Tom Ellis2, & Gavin Oxburgh4
1 Goldsmiths University of London2 University of Portsmouth
3 Royal Holloway University of London4Newcastle University
Background & Context for Research
• Many advances in effective interview practice
– Some successes with introductions of new interview tools and techniques into policy/practice
– Does not always translate into improving basic level interview training
• Frontline response officers
– Least training
– Most interviewing
– Increasingly wearing Body-Worn Video Cameras
Research objectives
1. Examine real-life interview data from frontline officers to identify common challenges and training needs (baseline performance).
2. Work with our practitioner collaborators to develop an evidence-based Structured Interview Protocol & related training, for use by frontline officers and other basic-level investigative interviewers.
3. Test the Structured Interview Protocol under controlled conditions to examine the amount of training required to produce effective results.
4. Test the Structured Interview Protocol training in the field.
Objective 1: Examining baseline performance
Total N = 94, from four participating UK-based police forces.
Common deviations from best practice and PEACE guidelines –
Engage & Explain phase
• Absence of any rapport building attempts (87 / 94)
• No attempt to explain expectations of the witness (78 / 94)
Account phase
• Poor use of hierarchical questioning (open – closed q’s)
• Over-reliance on closed and 5 wh- questions
• Interviewer led structure
• New topic areas introduced with a closed question
Objective 2: Develop a Structured Interview Protocol
• Taking the form of a generic PEACE interview template, ensuring -
– Evidence-based techniques to facilitate ‘engage and explain’ (rapid rapport; empathy; setting threshold of reporting; source-monitoring; encouragement of qualifiers, etc.)
– Evidence-based techniques to facilitate retrieval (appropriate use of questions; interviewee-lead interviewing; use of self-generated cues, etc.)
– Effective training techniqes to facilitate retention of learning (psychology of learning, protocol format, use of aide memoirs, etc.)
Objective 3: Field trial
Mock-witness study (N = 65 response officers from 2 forces)
• Pre-SIP training interview with a mock witness.
• SIP training (max. 1 day)
• Post-SIP training interview with a mock witness.
Real-witness field study (N = 216 response officers from 4 forces)
• BWV footage of first accounts/ interviews sourced from officers who (a) later received SIP training, (b) did not receive SIP training.
• BWV footage of trained / non-SIP trained officers approx. 1-2 months following the training sessions.
Results: mock witness study, engage & explain
0
1
2
3
4
Engage Explain
Pre SIP training
Post SIP training
Mea
n n
o. o
f ad
van
ced
E&
E t
ech
niq
ue
s u
sed
Results: mock witness study, use of questions
Open q's Wh- q's Closed q's Inappropriateq's
Pre SIP training
Post SIP training
Mea
n %
of
qu
est
ion
typ
es
use
d
Results: mock witness study, interviewee-led questioning
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Pre SIP training Post SIP training
Interviewer-led
Interviewee-led
Feedback
Would you do anything different post SIP training? YES 77%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree
SIP booklet useful 1 0 5 43 38
SIP aide memoir useful 1 4 2 41 38
Need more supporting materials 9 34 25 12 6
Feel more confident 1 3 13 48 22
Results: field interviews
10
20
30
40
Pre trial Post trial
0
2
4
6
Pre trial Post trial
50
60
70
80
Pre trial Post trial
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Pre trial Post trial
Engage & Explain % of Open Qs used
% of Closed & Probing Qs used % of Inappropriate Qs used
SIP training Controls (no SIP training)
Summary and Future Directions
• The PEACE-compliant SIP package promotes high quality interview performance
– Increased use of rapid rapport techniques, enhanced ‘engage and explain’ skills, and an increase in appropriate question types, used in a structured manner.
• Embed as initial training for all new officers (easier than re-training)
• Creates strong base for advanced training
• Potential for additional effective techniques to be added in
• All resources freely available, following peer-review process.
Implication of the Findings in Practice…
• The techniques involved are evidence-based (ready for use)
• Needs to go through peer-review process
• Needs to be replicated
• Needs a provision for updating in light of new evidence
Thank you. Questions welcome.
Acknowledgements:
ESRC (grant no ES/M006395/1)
Ashleigh McGregor Jana Spakova
Alessandra Caso Diego Nardi
Alex Lloyd EleonoraMancini
Chloe Standen Eve Twivy
