THE

STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK

1923

SIXTIETH ANNUAL PUBLICATION

P~. ~_/X/:\._'-\{.

J) •

1\IACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

LONOO:'f • EOl\lBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRAS

MELBOUI~NE

THE '•L\C:\l!LLAN COl\!PANY I\E\\" Y'-•l·:K • BOSTON , CHICAGO

!J \LLt\S • ;.ii\N FRANCISCO

THE MAC:M!LLA); CO. OF CANADA, LTn. TORONTO

THE

STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK STATISTICAL AND HISTORICAL ANNUAL OF

THE STATES OF THE \VORLD

l!'OB THE YEAR

Sm JOHN SCOTT KEL'l'lE, LL.V. FORMERLY SECRii.:TARY TO TU!!: ltOYAL CEOOlU.PHICAL SOCJli:'l'\":

HONO.H.AH.'i CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF 'riJ]!; GEOGltAl'HlCAL SOCIETH;S OF SCOTL.\ND, PAIUS,

MARSEILLE~, PETROORAD, ROME, LIHBON, AMSTERDAM, BRGSSELS, GENI<.:YJ\ 1 NEUCHATEL,

PH1LADELPIIJ.A, 1 AND OF Till~ CO)DlEH.ClAL UEOORAl'lllCAL SOCllHY ofi' l'!d{.I~

AND

M. EPSTEIN, M.A., PH.D . .FELLOW OF THE RUYAL GEOGH.APH1CAL1 OF 'l'lll; lWY.\L STAT!STIL'.\L~ .\!:\D OF THE ltOYAL

ECONOMJC SOCIETl ES

SIXTIETH ANNUAL PUBLICATION. REVISED AFTEH OFl<ICIAL RETURNS

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON

1923

1923

1923

COPYRIGHT

Man sagt oft : Zahlen regieren die Welt. Das aber ist gewiss, Zahlen zeigen wie sie regiert wird.

ISBN 978-0-230-27052-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-0-230-27052-7

GoETHE.

PREFACE lN the present, the sixtieth, issue of the YEAR-BooK all the

sections have been carefully revised, tl1e Mandated Territories have been placed in their proper positions, ancl the new conditions in Ireland are shown in the two new chapters clevotecl respectively to Northern Irelancl and the Irish Free Rtate (as well tts in one of the maps includetl in this volume). But though tl1ere is no longer a United Kingclom in the olrl sen,qe, certJJ.iu Irish statisties whicl1 relate to the old conrlit.ions have hccn retainecl for the prc~ent under tl1e United Kingdom, from which, of course, they eannot be conveniently separated. As the statistical retlmis for the two political entities in Ireland increase, it will be possible gradually to replace the ol<l Irish statiAtics by new ones. A 1Jeginning lutH already hcen made in this volume. In regard to Turkey, it will hardly be possible to fnrnish up-to-date information until the 'freaty of Peace definitely settles the new Turkish boundaries.

The Introductory Tables contain a number of world surveys, including a comparison of the military and naval strengths of the principal countries, and a statement concerning Mandates; while in the 'Additions and Corrections' will be found important information which came to hand too late for inclusion in the text.

To our numerous friends all over the world we desire to express our very warm thanks for their mined r.o-operation.

STATBSHAN'S YEAR-BooK OFFICE,

MAcHILLAN & Co., LTD.,

ST. MARTIN'S STREET,

LoNDON, W.C. 2.

March 28, 1923.

J.S. K. M. E.

METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

:Metric measures most commonly found in otatistical returns, with equi1calents :--

Centimetre Metre ... Kilometre

LENGTH. I I

0·39 inch 3!1·37 inchc,

0 ·tJ2l mile

LIQUID MlllAsn~F.

Snr.FAOE MEASURE.

Square metre Hectare Square kilometre ..

10·26 sq. feet 2 ·47 acres 0 ·386 Rq. mile

DRY ).fEASURE.

Litre .,. llectolitre

1 .,,,pints I r,itre 22 gallons 1 Hectolitre ...

0'91 quart 2 · 7 5 bushels

"\VEIGUT--AVOII!DUPOIS.

Gramme Kilogramme ,. . Quintal Ton ...

.. . 15 '42 grains . .. 2 ·20fi pounds

220 · 46 pounds 2204 ·6 pounds

Gran, me Kilogranmu' Kilogramme

15 '42 grains 32 ·15 ounces 2'68 pounds

CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY TABLES.

I.-THE BRITISH EMPJRg, 1921--1922.

II.-FIN ANCE AND C0l\1MERCE OF VARIOUS COUN'l'RIES.

III.-THE ARMIES OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES.

IV.-THE NAVIES OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRiES.

V.-WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK.

VI.-WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF SUGAR.

VII.-COAL RESERVES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.

VIII.-WORLD'S PRODUCTWN AXD CONSL'".\IPTIO:Y OF COTTON.

IX.-WORLD'S SHIPBUILDING,

X.-ALLIED DEBTS ..

(1) ALLIED DEBTS TO THE UNITW STATE·'·

(2) ALLIED DEBTS TO THE UNITEll KINGDOM.

XI.-COJ\iPARATIVE TAXATION.

XII.-BRITISH WAR BURDENS.

XIII.-THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE.

XIV.-THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

l. MEMBERSHIP.

If. CONSPECTUS OF THE ORGANS OF THE LEAGUE.

Ill. BUDGET OF THE LEAGUE.

IV. PUBLICATIONS OF THE LEAGUE OF 1\ A"I'!ONS.

V. THE INTERNATIONAT, LABOUJl OFFICE.

VI. MANDATES.

viii THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. UNITED KINGDOM-Civil Rervi<'·'

.Estimates; Naval Estimates ; Army Estimates; Revenue, 1922-23.

W.F.!ITAIWEI- Arrangement~ to rntul'll to China.

IRAQ- Finance.

PAL EST! I"I~-Constitntion.

KRNYA-Finance.

TRIBTAN DA CUNIIA--Popnlation.

SoUTIHJRN RrroDESIA-Cons! i In t inn.

HECTIUANALAND-New Chief.

UNION OF SouTH 1\,FnlCA-Tr:l•k, 1922 ; Rndget, 1923-24.

SUDAX-Bttdget, 192:\-24.

TANGANYIKA-Finance; Currency.

CANAIH- Agriculture; Mining; Commerce ; Ministerial changes .

WEsT lNDIES - Constitution:tl changes.

N.\ I'RU IsLA'-'D- N:mru Island Agreement Aet.

[hrTJcD ilTATES - Ministerial ··l11nges; 1'elephone statbtics.

Alwlc~TINA-Budget for 1923.

AllsTI~l A -Trade, 1922.

BELGTUM-Dudgct, 192:3.

EGYI'T-N ew Cabinet ; Budget, 1923-24.

GrmMANY-The Ruhr. ITA LY-Mineral production 19:21.

LITHFAN!A-New elections.

MEXICO.-Debt.

MAl'S.

1. IRELAND.

2. PALESTINE AND T!lANR-JORDAN.

CONTENTS

PART THE FJRST.

THE BRITISH EMPIRE. REIGNING KING ASO EMPEROR

I. GREAT BRITAIN AND NoRTHEitN IRELAND

11. INDIA, THE DoMINIONR, CowNIRs, PIWTE~TORATER DEPENDENCIES '

AND

EUllOPE-NoRTHERN IREI.ANo IsLE OF MAN CHANNEl. IsLANDS IRISII FREE STATR GIBRALTAR • MAI.TA

AsiA-ADEN, PKRIM, SoKoTRA,

&c. • • • BAHREIN ISLANDS BORNEO CBRITIBH)

BRITISH NORTII BOIINEO BRUNEI SABAWAK

CEYLON MALDIVE lsT,ANDS

CYPRUS HONG KONG INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES

BALUCHISTAN • SIKKIM • , • ANDAMA.N IsLANDS • NrcoBA.R IsLANDs LACCADIVE IsLANDS KEELING IsLANDS KURIA MURIA ISLANDS ,

THE STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, Cocos or KRELING IsLANDS CHRISTMAS IsLAND • LABUAN • • • •

FEDERATED MALAY STATES THE MALAY STATES NOT

INCLUDED IS TilE FEDII· RATION

WEIHAIWEI • . • Jfandated Tcrrilnric~­

IRAQ PAI.ESTINE • TRANS·JOUDAN

Al!'RIOA-AsoENSION lsLA.ND BRITISH EAST AFRICA •

KENYA CoLoNY AND PRO· TECTOBATE , • ,

UGANDA PROTECTORATE ,

PAOF.

81 85 86 92 99

lOO

103 105 107 107 108 109 110 116 lli 120 125 168 172 173 174 174 175 175 175 180 180 180 181

184 187

189 192 198

199 199

199 203

AFIUCA-ZANZIBAR

MAURITIUS. • • , NYASALAND PROTEOTORATB ST. HELENA • TRISTAN DA CUNHA SEYCHELLES • • , SoMALILAND PnoTv.c·ronATE SoUTH AFRICA-

BASUTOLAND • BRCHUANALANil PROTEC·

'l"OllATE RHODESIA

SWAZTLAND • UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA •

CAPE 01!' Goon HoPE NATAL , , THE TRANSVAAL • ORANGE FRER STATE

WEST AFRICA­NIGERIA. GAMBIA GoLD CoAST ASHANTI. , , • NoRTHERN TF:RRITORIES SIERRA LEONE. THE PnoTECTORATE

ANGLO·EGYPTIAN SUDAN Jlandated Territories­

TANGAN YIKA TERitlTORY 80UTR·WEST AFRICA. <JAMEROON. TOGOLAND

AMERICA­BERMUDAS CANADA

CANADIAN PROVINCI!:S-­AI.BERTA. Rltl1'1Sll COLUMBIA • MANITOBA NEW BRUNSWICK NovA Sco·rxA • ONTARIO. • • PRINCB EDWARD ISLAND QUEBEC , , SASKATCHEWAN

ix

PACJIC

3 5

91 PAGB

205 211 214 216 218 218 220

221

222 224 228 230 247 251 254 258

261 266 268 269 269 270 272 273

279 281 2R6 286

288 290

316 320 323 325 327 830 333 335 337

X THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

PAGJI: ' A.UBTRALASIA AND 0CEANU.- l'AO'K

AMERIOA- 00MMONWEALTII 01!' A vs-CANADIAN PROVINCES- TRAr.IA 362

YUKON 338 NEW SOUl'!! WALES 380 NoRTH- WEsTTERitlTORIRR 339 VIIJl'ORIA 394

F A.LKLAND IsLANDS 340 QUEENSJ,AND 402 GUIAN.l1 BRITISH 341 SOUTH AUSTRALIA 409 HONDURAS, BRITISH 344 WESTERN AusTRAI.IA • 415 NEWFOUNDLAND AND I,AII- TASMANIA 423

RADOR. 345 NoRTHERN TEmnTOUY 428 WEST INDIES 350 PAPUA 430

BAHAMAR 350 NEW ZEALAND 433 BARBA.DOS 351 FIJI . . . 448 J.t.MAIOA • 353 PAGIFIO ISLANDS-0AYMAN IsLANDS 354 TONGA 451 TURKS & CAlCOS ISLANIIS 355 0TH"ER ISLANDS 452 LEEWARD IsLANDS , 355 Mandated Territorie.•-TRINIDAD 358 NEw GUINEA 455 WINDWARD ISLANDS 360 WESTERN SAMOA 459

NAun.u 461

PART THE SECOND,

THE UNI'l'ED STATES OF A~IERICA. UNITED STATES. • 465 STATES AND TERRITORIES-

ALABAMA , 518 ARIZONA 521 ARKANSAS . 1\23 CALIFORNIA 525 COLORADO • 529 OONNEOTIOU"r 532 DELAWARE, , • 534 DISTJI.IOT OF COLUMBIA 537 FLORIDA 540 GEORGIA 542 IDAHO 545 ILLINOIS 547 INDIANA 550 IowA • 553 KANSAS . 1\55 KENTUCKY , li58 LOUISIANA , 560 M.t.INE • 563 MARYLAND • • 565 M.t.HSAOHUBETTS • 568 :MICHIGAN • 574 MINNESOTA • 577 MISSISSIPPI , 580 MIRROURI , 682 , MONTANA • 585 i NEBRASKA • 587 'I NEVADA • • 590 NEW HAMPSHIRE 592

STATES AND TERRITORIES-NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK STATE Noltl'H CAROLINA NoRTH DAKoTA. OHIO • • OKLAHOMA. OREGON • l'ENNSYLVANIA HHoDE IsLAND SOUTH CAROI.lN .\ SOUTH DAKOTA 'l'ENNEHSEE. TEXAII UTAH, VERMONT VIRGINIA . W AHliiNGTO:l WE~T VmoiNIA Wxsc-oNSIN . WYOMING •

OUTLYING TERRITORIES-

594 697 600 605 608 610 613 dl6 619 623 626 628 631 633 636 639 642 645 648 650 653

ALAsKA TEnan·oRY • 656 HAWAII 658 POHTII RICO • • • 661 AIIIEHIOAN VIHGIN lsL.tNDS, 664 PHILIPPINE Isr.ANns 665 GUAM:. • 670 SAMOAN ISLANDS 671

PAnT TIH: 'l'nrnD.

OTHER COUNTRIES.

ABYS~INIA . AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ARABIA AltG J£NTINE REPUBLIC AUSTRIA BELGIUM

BF.LGL\'0 C'mwo BHUTAN BOLIVIA BRAZIL. BULGARIA CHILE CHINA.

:!ifANCHUlllA •rmET

SIN-KIANG MoNGOLIA

COLOMBIA COSTA RICA CUBA C/';EOH08LOVAKIA DANZIG DENl\lARK IC~~LAND

ECUADOR EGYPT 1~STON1A FINLAND FlUME l<'RANCE

ANDORRA CoLONIF:SAND DF:PF:NDENCIEN

ASIA-FRENCH INDIA FRENOJI INno-CHINA

CocHIN -CIIIN A

ANN AM CAMBODIA TONKING, LAOS KwANG CuAu \\'c~N

llfandrded Tm·o·l,.·,·i·; -SYRIA A'(]) LEilAVl:-i .

AtrRIOA­ALGEillA FRENCH CONGO MADAGAHCAR

I'At;J<; i 677 682 687 690 693 70fi 713 I

725 I

;:n 7:1:~

7:>8 7fi0 759 76!) ' 'i(lO !

791 79a 704 80() 807 813 ' 818 827 829 842 850 856 876 879 889 890 921 922

931

~34 941 94ci

FRANCE-AFRICA­

MAYOTTE AND THE COMO!!O Isr.ANns

REUNION SoMALI CoAST WEST AFRICA 1:->1• Till<: SA·

IIARA SENl':GAJ,. GUINEA I nmv CoAsT DAHOMF.Y Fmc,Ncii SUDAN UPPER YoLTA . MAURIT.\NIA

TeN!:<.

Jf,;,,cl,,/,•d Territories-

('A~ii·~J~(J(l:\

A)!EHICA-

GUADELOUPE AND DEPEND· ENCIF.S

ClUIANA MARTINIQUE ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON

AusTRALASIA AND OcEANIA­NEw CALEDONIA AND DE·

PENHENCIRS NEW HEBRIDES FRENCH EsTABLISHMENTS IN

OcEANIA

i GERMANY

STATE>< OF GgUMANY­AKHALT 1-~AIJRN

l:AVARIA. 1\ !t~:M~~N BBliNHWIUK

IIAMBU!!G. HgHHg

TJIPI·B: Ll'rHll;CI\

1\lEGKLE:< BURG·SOIIW ERIN M~1CKLENBURG-STllEI,ITZ • OLilENBUUG PRUI!SIA SAXONY

Xl

PAGE

947 941-\ !J.19

950 952 9f)~3

953 9G4 955 956 956 957

962 963

963 964 %4 g;);,

966 967

967

969

990 990 993 996 997 997 999

1001 1001 1002 1002 1003 1003 1008

xii THE STATESHAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 19!!3

PAO&

GERMANY-STATES 01!' GER· MANY-

SOIU.'UMB'URG·LIPPE Tll'URINGIA WALDECK Wii'RTTElllBERG

GREECE GUATEMALA HAITI HONDURAS . HUNGARY ITALY •

FOREIGN DEPENDENCIE>l-

1011 1012 1013 1013

1016 1029

. 1034 - 1038

1043 1050

EIIITREA • 1076 SoKALILAND • • . 1077 TRIPOLITANIA AND CYRE·

NAICA . , 1079 TIENTSIN (CONCEBRION OF) 1081 AEGEAN ISLANDS 1081

JAPAN. KOREA

FORMOSA (TAIWAN) . PF..SCADORES SAKllALIN . KWANT'UNG p A,CII!'IC lBLANDB

LATVIA LIBERIA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBURG MEXICO MONACO MOROCCO NEPAL.

INDEX

. 1084

- 1102 . 1106 . 1107 - 1107

1107 1108

1111 1116 1120 1120 1125 1129 1137 1138

- 1148

NETHERLANDS (THE) COLONIES

DUTCH EABT INDil!:S DUTCH WEST INDIEB­

SURINAlll OR DUTCH

PAOB

• 1150 . 1168 • 1168

GUIANA . 1175 CURAI(AO . . 1177

NICARAGUA • 1181 NORWAY • 1186

SPITSBERGEN . 1200 OMAN . 1203 PANAMA • 1205 PARAGUAY . . 1212 PERSIA . 1218 PERU . 1229 l'OJ"AND . 1240 PORTUGAL . 1248

DEPENDBNUIJ<:S . 1255 ROME, SEE AND CHURCH

OF 1261 RUAUNIA 1265 H.USSIA 1275

BoKHARA 1292 KHIVA 1293 ARMl!.NIA • 1294 AZERBAIJAN 1295 GEORGIA • , 1296 UKRAINE 1297

SALVADOR . . 1299 SAN MARINO . 1303 SANTO ·DOMINGO • 1304 SERB, CROA T AND

SLOVENN: STATE 1310 SIAM SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TURKEY URUGUAY VENEZUELA

. 1318 1326 1347 1365 1379 1394 1402

. 1413

INDEX TO INTR.ODUCTION X Ill

INDEX TO INTHODUOTORY TABLES AND ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

AHG!i]NTINA, Budl(et(l923), xxxii Armies of J1Tb('i{!,11 ConJ,tries, xviii, xix Army estimat~~, GH'aj- Br1taiu (1923-24),

xxix Austria, Trado (1922), xxxii

BECHUANALA:-ID, Death of Khama, xxx Belgium-

Army, X\'iii Budget (J\1~;~), xxx.ii Coal resenus, xx Dehts, :ndiit xxii Taxation (1921-23}, xxii

Britbl• E•npire (oee also U.K.) (1921-~2), xvi, xvii

Area anr\ l'OJ>nla.tion (1921-22), xvi, ·" i1 Comm.ercc (1921-2~), xvi, xvii Deht (1921--~~). xvi, xvii Finance (HI~l-22), xvi~ xvii Navy (19:!2), xix Shiphuildin~ (1914, 19221, xxi \Var Jo.c.;scs and financial L'urdm1s, xxiii,

::-.:xiv British South Africa­

Commerce (1022), xxx

CANADA--Agricultnre {192~), xxxi Commere~~ (1!)21, 1022)1 xxxi Mining (I~~~~), xxxi Mi.ni~tt·rial ehanges, xxxi

Civil Scrvi1·e Estimates1 Grea! Hritaiu (1 ~1:!3 -24), xxix

CoalJ1rod t~dion of the Ruhr (1\J I :1, 1 u20-~~), X\.\11

Coal reserves vf European countries, xx Commerce~

Austria (192c), xxxii British Empire (1921-:l:l), xvi, xvii British South Africa (W22)1 xxx Canada (1921, H1:22), xx.xi Various countries, .xviii

Cotton, World's Production and CollsnmJI­tion uf (1913-23), xxi

DEBTS-Allied, to U.S.A. and U.K., xxi, xxii Belgium, xviii, xxii British Em:pi.re, xvi, xvii France, xvili, xxii Great Britain, xxti Ttaly, xviii, xxii :;.,y ex ico, xxxii Various countries, xviji

EGYPT-Budget (1928-24), xxxii New Cabinet. -xxx

IWROPE-Coal reserves, xx Silk, raw, l'roduction (19201 1921), xx Sugar '[lrodnction (lP21-23), xx

Fl:'lANCJ£--Argenf,ina (1W23), xxxii BeJginm (1928), xxxii British J£mpire (1921-22), xvi, :rvii E,,, J>l. ( l\l23-24), xxxii

. I rilq (1 ~l20-22), xxlx 1\.\~ll) a (1923), XXX Sttdan (1?23·24), xxxl

.. TunganJ ika (1022-28), l<l<Xi Vurious eo1.mtric!S, xviii

Frauce-­Army1 xviii Coal res~n·es, xx Dchtf; 1 .xviii, xxii :!\':.nT, xix Cihipl>uilding (Hll4, 1922), X.\i Taxation (1921-23), xxii

(l]'l~MAJ'\Y­Army, xix Coal reserves, xx Navy, xix Hnhr nrl'-a ami coal production (1913,

11120-~~), xxxii :-'1liphuilding (1~114, 1922), Xxi l':nnJinn (1~1~1-23), xx.ii

c;Jt_.at Britain­:\rw.\-1 x\·iii Ctvil Service estimates (192S-Z4), xxix Debt to U.S.A., xxii Debts owed uy Allies, xxii Navy estimates (192!{ ~24), xxix Re,·enue (1922-23), xxix Transfer of Wei~Hai.,Vei, xxix

1NTEHNAT!ONAL l~abour 1 tllit·l'. League of Nations, xxvH, xxyiii

Iraq, Finance (1920-22), x:rix Italy-

Army, xix Debt.s, xviii, xxii Mh1eral pTodnctJon (1921), xxxii Navy, xix l!bipbuilding (1914, 1!>2~). xxi Taxation (1921-~3), xxii

JAPAN­Army, xix Navy, xix: Shipbuilding (1914, 1922), xxi

xiv THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

KENYA, Finance (1928), xxx Khama, Chief, death or, XXX

L4.UBANNE, Treaty of, xxiv, xxv League of N&ttona, the, xz.v-xxviii

Budget, :u.vi, xxvii International Labour Office, xxvii, xx\·iii Mandates, xxviil lllembershiJ>, xxv, zxvi Organs, xzvi Publications, x.xvii

Lithuania, New Elections, xxxii

MANDATED tcrritories-Hritish expenditure on (1919-28), xxiii League of Nations xxviii

~letrie Weights and Meas\ll'es, vi Mexico, Debt, (1922), xxxii

NAURU Island, Allocatio:1 of PhusphaLe•, xxxi

Na,·al estimates, Great Britain (1!.123-24), xxix

Navies of principal Countries, xix Northern Rhodesia; Commerce (1022), xxx

PALESTINE, :!iew Constitution, xxx

UHOJJESIA, Northern, Uonnnercc, (19~~). XXX

Uhodesia, Southern­Commerce (1922), xxx Respouslblc government, xxx

Ruhr, the--Area, xxxii Coal production (1Ul3, 1920-2:1), xxxii

S:W:IPBUILDlNG, World's (1914, IP22), xd Bilk, Raw, World's Production (1920, 1921),

XX

Bonth Africa, British Commerce (1922), xxx South Africa, Union of. Set und<'l" Union. South-West Africa, Connnerce (1922), xxx tioutheru Rbodesia.-

Cowmercc (1022), xxz Resvonsible government, xxx

Sttdan, Budget (1928-24), xxxi Sngar, World's Production (1021-l!S), xx

TAXGANYIKA-Cnrroncy, xxxi Finance (1922-23), xxxi

Tazation, Comparative (1021-:13), xxii 'freaty of Lausanne, xxiv, xx.v Treaty of Washington, xil< "l'ristan da Cnnha. Population, xxx Turkey, 'l1erms of Treaty of Lausannc, xxi,·,

XXV

UXIOJ\" of South Africa­Budp;ut (19~3-~4), xxx Connncrcfl (1022), xxx Taxation {ltl:H-~3), xxii

United Kingdom Allied debts to, xxii, xxiii Debt, xvo, xvli, xviii Shipbuilding (1914, 1922), xxi ~~a:-.:~t.ion (19~1-23), xJdi Wal' bt.U'1leus, xxii, xxiv

Unltmt States of America­Allied clehts to, xxi, xxii Army, xix Debt, :Z:\'iii Ministerial c1tanges, xxxi Navy, xix Shipbuilding (1!114, 1922), xxi Taxation (1921-23), xxii Telephone statistics (1922), xxxi

\VAit Burdens, British, xxtii, xx.iv Washington, Treaty or, xlx Wei-Hai-Wei, transfer Commission, xxix West Indics, Constitutional changes, x:xxi

INTRODUCTORY TABLES

INT

RO

DU

CT

OR

Y

TA

BL

ES

I.-T

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B

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ISH

E

MPI

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, 19

21-2

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Un.

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Ki-

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m.

Eu

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Ad

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Per

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Bah

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. .

Hu

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a.ud

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Ho

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•

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: K

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Ma.

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Pro

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Pro

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Pro

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xviii THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

11.-FINANCE AND COMMERCE OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. The following statistics relating to the financial and commercial condition of vaJious

countries have heen put together for convenience of referen••e, not for lh• purpo,. of coli· parilon. Revenue and expenditnre, .which in some States are raised and expended by local authorities, are in otlll'rK ilwluded In the national accounts. Debt in some countries is lncnrred for t110 sake of profitable innstment, while In others it is unproductive aud bur<lensome. Witb respect to trade, the ftgures in lleneral show the special imports (or those tor horue consumption) and the special exports (or those of home produce and manufacture) Spe<·ie and bullion are generally excluded. .

The statistiCK a,... for the mn•t part for the calendat' vear 1922, or the llnanclal year 1922-23, and the various currenc:es have been converted into> sterling at approximately current ntrB o1 e.xcJJJI.JJge..

.Countries I Are& in sq. miles

Poptdation Revenue 1. Expen·

diture

i ; 1,000 £ ,1,000 J! Argentina 1,158,119 / 8,698,51R! 48,394 62,4116 Au•tria 82,852 6,42R,336 · 4,994 ' 8,274 llel~IUIU 11,752, 7;4i8.840 88,4•8 83,471. Brazil 8.275,~10 I' 30,635,~05 27,090 8~,445 i Bnlg&.Iia 39,,41 4,909,,00 5,432 u,807 · 8~!~f.o: 4,277,170 j 486,094,953 I

slovakin 54,241 i 13,610.405 117,575 120,794 Denmark . 16,609 ! 3,267,881 15.P96 H,4~5 , France 212.659 1 39,209,518 250,460 801,084 ; Germany 182,27! .

1

; 59 858,284 282,965 282,965 : Greece. • 41,933 6,586,375 17,188 98,971 ' Hungary 85,790 7,945,878 , ~,765 8,921 Italy • • • 117,P82 i 3H,8S5,941 1 188,166 212,566 i Japan • • • 260,788 i 65,963,053, 148,241 148,241 1

Netherlands. 12,582 i 6,865.814 I 48,4&2 81,028 Norway 124,964

1' 2.M9, 775

11 32,80' 85,807

Poland . 14f,821 27,092,025 25,767 36.215; Portugal • · 35.490, 5,62-•,610 9,257 11,148 · Rumania . 122,282!' 17.898,1491 11,051 ll,"51 YUJo(OSiavia • 96,134 12,017 928 1 17,870 17,869 81•ain • • • 194,800 21,347,335 1 87,235 98,472 Sweden • . 178,035 o,951,816 ' 19,8181 19,818 tlwitzerland . 15,9i6 i 9,880,820 I 17.028 20,384, Turkey 282,1441 1,45~,800 , 3,269 3,127 U. Kingdom • 121,633 , 47,307.6ul 11,124,880 ,l,Oi9,187 , United States I 2,978, 774 j 105,710,620 ' 715,280 655,091

1

Debt Imports Exports

1,000 £, 110,230 66,631

889,028 146,629 48,555

144,959

250.128 _66,213

972,421 271,456 40,>85 27,226

782,157 359,800 22~,765 52,868 69,909 35,831

1,000 £, 12.\, 750 112,800

ll4,266 60,468 8,851

179,100

140,222 90,1<48

SIO,Sll8 124,513 17,246 21.512

163,516 185,917 168,8S2 58,541 60,652

78,820 26,546 160,000 8,24! 39,, 7691 42,046 80,141 64,116 77 ,8441' 76,576 24,503 17.883

7,720,500 1,008,918 4,885,9U 521,601

i

1,000 £, 133,()(;0 35,000 88,492" 58,587

2 772 118,842

170,701 81.163

268,052 112,496

9,477 11,14~ 80,443

159,478 101,769 20.518 10,411

13,207 4,921

27,081 68,456 70,468 4,389

824.274 754,236

III.-THE ARMIES OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES.

Country Popn· Peace 1

lation Stf!•ngtL I of Ar•IJY!

An stria Bol~imn Bulgaria Czocho·

--- 6,42",336 so,ooo ~- --~~:;;;~~5; kronen 7,478,840 118,9691 99~,000,000 francs

slovakia Denmark Estonia Finland Fram·e. Germany • Gt. Britain . Greece.

4,~61,434 83,000 685,416,926 leva

13,610,405 150,000 f 2,011,354,374 l<ronen 3,267,831 831000 I 46,1101',000 kro110r 1,109,479 16,000 16~,000,000 marks s,s•-6,5'17 121,1100 288,154,200 marks

39,209,518 736,2611 4,286,260,129 francs 59,858,2S4,100,000 1 3, 701,S90,189 marks 4~,917,382 225,000. 62,300,0001. &,636,375 so,ooo

Terwa of 1, Pro~ortion

Service pe~ ~~~:tier ___ , __ .-Voluntary 1 214

Cowpulsor)· j 62 Volunta1y 147 .

Compulsory

Vol.R.tary 1

" I Compulsory 1

91 99 69 28 53

598 190

G9

Conutry Popu. lation

INTRODUCTORY TABLES

I Pcoce I Stren,th:

! or .Ar~lY 1

Cost of Army

:1

Hun~·a.ry 7 ,94D,SiS 35,0GO 1 S~GOO,OOO,OOO koronn Italy . 88,•35.941 "'10 0110 1,87:1,0011,000 lire ,Ja}lan . orl,063,05£S ;5o;ooo, ;{31,90:!,304 )·~11 Latvia. l,,50,tl2~~· 25,000 4-I,OUO,OOIJ Lelt roubles Lithuania , 2,203.100 13~000 Oil/,05,1:.!0 (ielltJan marks Notherlautls ti,SU&,:3l·l 2P,-10n 7l,D03,489 guild~rs Norway 2,64:~,775, t\0,00() 44,471 ,60() ltrcucr Polaud ~7,002,0251 275,000 g:J:OiiO,OOO,OOO uwrl(S Portugnl fl,62..,.,0l0

1 4U,oOO .SS, 77'0,:3~0 e:-;cndos

RuJJJA.n·a 17,393, 14.!1, 200,000 1,700,0iJO,oOO lei Itussia. 13J,54u,04o'IJ,,loo,ono .4oo,oon,ooo,oro.ooo 1~22rnu1Jie,, ~l·ain . 21.:l47,33fJ :!15,P4H' 5HS,"I77'.:!:!0 peselas Sweden . f1,954,3ll\ 1:!!.1,000 so 440 ·)·~tlluonc,r Switzerla.IJCl. 3.880,3:.! 1• Jt\0,0!10 81;.5lH;:~lO francs rugo~luvin 0 E~.Ol7,H23 lfl\),(•()0 l,OSO !100,0011 clmAl'R

United ~tale• J0.>,7l0,620i l44,(1UIJ 1 40",058,140 dollars

XlX

Terms of I Proportion S , . ofpop. ~1 VlCe per soldier ···-------······

i Volun1ary 1 227 ;couJJmlsorr 185 I :!24

I

I Voluntary .. I

74 l7t1 :!:!3

44 PS

Hl R'j

](I) 0!1 i"IIJ 2•1

110 7:ll

IV.-THE NAVIES OF THE PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES. Tl1e followi11g tables ~how (as at Feln·naJ',\' 1, 1!122) the COIDJ!ll'ative number of ~hi!'~'~

\JUilt and l.mihling in the several conu!ries :-

llt:IL'I'.

iihit"h r.·.s. J r /

B- att·l·e-sh_i_

118• ______ ----. ----. -~-~~~-~:,i~.':.. Rf""' ! •m ne" I Italy Uenu•nr

C' ·-:~--1-~-~--]-0-~ 1--8-

BattJe CruiseJ·s 1 o 110J 171 1 o7 04 00 C1·uisers , ~ Light Cruisers I 01 H 12 5 10 3 Monitor•, etc. 5 0 0 8 U Aircraft, Carr~erH. 4 J 0 0 0 Flotilla Leade1" l ll 0 1 H 0 De•troyer• . I 184 315 58 &3 58 1ri Torpedo-boats OS 0 0 0 73 16 SnbiHarines 0

1

. 03 10:.! 24 fiO 43 0 Sloops , RO 0 0 8 0 0 C.M.B's . . . . :!7 0 0 0 o Gunboat• nnd Despatch Vessel; o 4 4 69 1 0 River Gunbo:~t• 1 i 3 3 4 \1

Battleshi]JB . Battle Cruisers CruiseJ's 0

Light Cruisers Monitors, etc. .Aircraft Carri er8 o

~'lotilla Le at lers llestro)· ers • rrorp<~do-boats Submarines . Sloopij. C.M.B.'s • . . . • GunboatR and Dcs1•ateh \'e::;.o;d~ River Guuboats

BUILDJ:-i"G.

' (I R 0 (I

!l 1i I)

111 11 !l 11 B 11

~8 11

1 l'rojedetl,

1l 13

0

0 28 0

31 n 2 0

0 ()

0 3' 0 J {)1

1:! 1

0 1~1

0 0 3

11 (J

0

(i

0

0 (I

0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 u 0 0 0

Under the Treaty or Washington the Ilriti•h Empire will scrap 4 battleships and • battle cruisers; the Unitetl State•, JS battlesltiJ>S built nntl 7 IJattleshit.>S and Ii battle cruisers lmlldlng; and Japan, 5 battleships aud :1 battle cruisers, and 2 !Jattleships and 2 battle cruisers building. These are inclutled In the alJove table,.

b 2

XX THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

V.-WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF RAW SILK. The appended table of •tatisties, wloleh haTe been published by the Lyons Silk

~{crchants' Uuion, show the estimated world's prorlnction of raw silk In 1920 and 1921 :-

Regions 1920 1921

--- ----------- . ------------ ----Western Europe (France, Italy, and Sl'ain) . Eastern EuropP, Levant, and Central Asia'. Far East .

Kiln• 11

Kilos S,65f,,OOO 3,4ti0,000

7no,ooo 1 55o,ooo I 16,42s,ooo 1 22,95o.ooo

Total • i 2o,sso,ooo 1 26,96o,ooo

• Comprises Hungary, Czechoslovakia, YugoslaviR, Rumania, Bulgaria, etc., Greece, R•1oniki, Adrianople, Crete, the Caucasus, Anatolia (Brusa and region), Tnrkestan, and Central A'ia.

VI.-WORLD'S PRODUCTION OF SUGAR. TWO YEARS' COMPARATIVE FIGUit.HS,

Europe Asia • Africa . America . Australasia .

Continents

Total producti .. u

Total consumption .

1921-22 1922-23

Ton. Tons 4,087,000 4,015,000 5,245,000 5,38tJ,OOO

519,000 558,000 8,018,000 7.417,000

I 364,000 , 332,000

I- 1F,l83,000-= = 18,808,000-

' 18,080,000 19,035,000

VII.-COAL RESERVES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. The follo\\"ing flgnres are for actual nnd probable deposits of coal and lignite in veins of

one or ll1ore feet to a depth of 4,000 feet:-

Germanr Englam

Enroprnn countries

Russia, . . . Aust .. ta antl Hlmgnry . Belgium Fra.n(•e. • . • • . Norway (includingSpitzl•erg, 11). !5pain . . . . . . Czechoslovakia Poland. Ukraine . Other countries

Total

Pre-war re•ervea Post-war res•rws

Millions I -~~ton~--~

207,030 165,887 ~0.170 ·t:l,095 11,0- 0 ~.8os 8,7l)0 ;";,587

Per cent. Millions i Per eent. ~~~~~~- -~on• 1 __ o_r_to_ta~

40 ~ 82'0 116 s·s n 1'7 1-7 l'l

14~,248 28'7 165,387 32'0

1,988 '4 098 '2

11,0110 2'1 18,577 ~·()

8,700 1 7 5,587 l "1

24,403 4•7 68,829 13':1 55,657 10'8

6,585 1 1'3· 7,748 1'4

[517.2i2T10o·-o- 517;2i2ilo'Oii-

INTRODUCTORY TABLES XXI

VIII.-WORLD'S PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF COTTON.

1913-14 1Dl4-15 l!il5-16 1915-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921- ~ l!l22-2:;

[In hnles of 478\bs.l\nt.]

Years World ]1ro- ·I World con-duetion sumpt10n

22,612,0 0 ~~:!,l'.l~l 000 24,8 1,000 ,IJ,ll70,000 18,461.000 21,ll78,000 1S.>•24,00ll o:l.lOS,OOO 18,141.000 18,515,000 18.765,000 16,705,000 20 219.01 0 Hl,300.000 l!l_~_•,;:.,oon J6 91-t,ooo 11 : n.oon c:0,047,000 17 ,t_~t!J ,000 20,fl79,000

IX.-WORLD'S SHIPBUILDING.

I H ltrO])ean con-

1 surnpfiou

12,o::>•J,non lU,t\Oil,iH)Il lO,SIE,OOO \1,0 l4,1lOO 6,621,000 f>,06:2,000 7,t190,000 6,7.1tJ,OOO 7. 771,000 7,ti'!3,000

Accordiug to f,loyd's Register tlle total merchant :;team tonnage of tlle world in June, Hl22, was 56,802,000 gross tons, :ts eoiJipan~d with 42,514,000 gross tons in .Juue, 1914. Tne following tah:c hhows details:

I Uitlerr'ner, Countril's June, 1914

I June, 192:! !Ji:'tiHdl 19:3:!

aral Hll1

------Gross tons Gross tons Gross tons

Uuited Kingdom 18,877,000 19.0ii:I,OOO + 176,000 B1·itish Dou•inion~ l,40i,OOO ~,:!01,000 + 7g4,000 Unitcrl States. 1,837,000 I2,:,oo,ovo + 10,6o9,vOO Austria- II Ullgary 1,052.000 Nil Denu1arl\. 'lt/S,OOO i1J4.000 -I I7tJ,OOO France I,<>IS,OOO 3,30~.000 + l,3S5,000 Gerwan: !\O.IH,OOO 1,783,000 - 3,tl15 000 Oret;ct~ b~0,000 653,1100 - Jtj7,000 Holhtll,l 1Ail.IJ00 ~,(il3,000 +I,I 12.0110 lt.aly 1,428,008 2,600,•100 +1,172,000 Japan 1,642,0no 3,32-,,noo + 1,683,000 Norway 1,9:23,000 2,337,lJIJ0 + 414,000 Spain 1'83.000 1,1~7,00() + 304,000 Sweden 992,000 9~Jti,000 + 4.000 Utht'r Cou.ntrie.s :!,au~,ooo 3,301,00 J + 903,000

----- --------~ -----Total abroad . 23,637,000 - 37,7~000 -!- I 14,112,000

---

World's total 421iJI4,000 &U,S02,000 + 14,2::>~,000

X.-ALLIED DEBTS.

(I) M,L!ED DEBTS TO THE UN!'l'ED STATES.

The tot.al indebtedness uf European countries to t.he United States on March 21, 1922, was estimated to be 10,150,31'0,000 dollars. t'l'he tigure given in this place iu 'I'HI' STAnS>rAN's YEAR BooK for 1922 needed correction).

XXll THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

The debt is macle np as fc11lnw~ :-·-

Be1gium 1

Cuba . Czechoslovakia. FnuJCe . Gre1t Britain Grt·ece • Italy Houmania Russia . . . . . Serb, Cront and. Slovene State Sale of W ~r Stocks . Relief .Administration . . Unitc<l States Groin Corporation

Total.

lleht (l!areh 21, 1922)

Dollars 317,700,000

S,HlO.OOO t1l,300 000

2,Go<l,SOO,OOO 4,166,300,000

l5,0<J0,000 I,uts,ooo,ooo

23,200,000 187.700,000

:2(1,200,000 575,000,000 84,000,000 ;_~f,QQ(I,i._lll!l

10, l~i0,31J(),I HJO

llnl'1ti•l interest to D;;.c. 31, 192l

Dollars 421 ';'1)0:000

7,1011 000 357,000,000 GOH,200,000

•){,,) 300 000 -·2;soo:ooo

2:l, 00,000 :J,300,000

11,700,000 s,zoo,ooo 3,:,00,000

1,172,200,000

1 The greater part of Bel.(:;il.llll':-1 debt wa:.:, a·;coLiin~ to th~ 'J'r('~t.ty of Versailles, tnken over by Germany.

On February 22, 19!:3, the United ~tfl1t~s Comrres-... raUtie(1 tl1c British Debt Funding Rettlt·ment. ancording to which Great lhitaiiJ undertook to re}•<ty its debt to the United States as lollows :-

Principal to be refunlletl . . . . . . Jnterf'.st accrued and unpaitl!o J)ecemlH~r 15, J[YJ~ at .J~ l·t''' ,-ent

T(l!al • •

Dollal'S 4,0'74,818,:tl"h'\

629,8.'16,106

4,704,654,464 Deduct payments made Oct.oher 16 and '\","·em1J('l'

per cent. to J)el'eml•er 1.5, 192'2 • • • !~L:"?. \dtll lnt~rest at 4!

100,526,:W9

Total . 4,604,128,085

To be nplid as follows: in cash. 4,1~15,085 dollars; an anuuity of 161,000,000 dollars for 10 yearli; an nnnuity Of 184,000,000 dollars ft.>l' ;-,!) J C:ll'il, a.nd a liJJ:t1 pnymtmt of 118,481,330 dollars.

(2) ALLIRD DEl3TS TO THE UNITED KINGDOM. The total debt owing bv vari·~us Eurnprnn countries a11d Dolltininns nmonnts to

2,017,461,0001. Of this totnl, France owes 5S•l,OOO,OOOI., Italy, '•03,"011,000!, Russia, 655,000,0001. Arair>st the debt~ owing to Great llritaln, she <JII"'S a t<•tal of I ,Oc0,647,0001., includlllll the debt to the U•dted Stat•·S.

For the position of the Fre11rh del•t, see p. 90!> in this volume.

XI.-COMPARATIVE TAXATION.

Cnrren<'y

Unitetl King-lorn (.£) United States (Uollars) Fran .. e (Francs) G•rmany t Marks) Beldum (Francs) Italy (Lire) Australia(£) South Africa(£)

TAX.H!OX PEil lJEAD.

1921 or 192-1-22

IJ:rect Taxation ] __ _

]] 0 I.

18 R 273 f)

854 ·~1 ng·s

104 ·{

Tntal

1 ,.:J-56"1. 17[1•0 2S1'7

s·5 2'5

1!1:?2 or 1922-~3

1lire:t I Total - -Taxation ------------

10·7 I!J·G

238'5

81•9 71'5

1

17'1 ~o·s

516'6 2 245•(1'

,208'7 238'0

1 Excluding Forc•d Loan which is to yield 70 milliards of marks_, or 1,167 marks per head.

INTRODUCTORY TABLES XXlll

XII.-BRITISH WAR BURDENS; Tho losses arhdnq out of the war l•ornc b\· the United Kinndom are shuwu in the

following talJles under various hen.th; :--· ~ Cl

llftlTlSH EMPIHE CASUALTIES.

Men enrolled Killed Wounded

United Kingtlom • . Dominions and C:olonles India

6,211,427 1,6o·J,527 1,67P,416

U3,702 140,923 6l,S!l8

-----·-···-

1,698,262 :157,78:> 70,859

··---------Total. 9,496,370 946,028 2,121,906

EXPEXDlTURE DURING 1'HE WAR. 'II1e figures of expenditure during the war by the United Kingclom 1\re only available

for complete financial yeal"S. The Exchequer iKsnes between April 1, 1914, and Mllrch SI, 1919, were 9,b9U,OOO,OOOI.., am! the money was raise<l approximately ns follows:-

From rlirect taxation • . • • • • £1,820,000,000 From Jndirect taxation aud other sources of revenue 910,000,000 By borrowing at home 5,5oo,oon,ooo By borrowing abroa1! 1,360,000,000

WAR LOANS TO ALLIES AND DOMINTONB. (Excluding Relief and other post-Wnr Loans.)

c.pital .ar.d 1 Capital only unpKid interest

1922 I to lllar••h 31, ·-----·-- ·-·-r .. ·- ···-£ -----~~,--

458.000.000 584,000.000 France. Italy • . Other Allies Dominions.

Total

LOS'IEB AT SEA. (British Empire.)

Value of shipping (at about 701. a ton) an•l cargues lost by enemy action

Tonnage •

Civilian lives lost at sea by enemy action

WAR PENSIONS (United Kingdum.)

£

760,000,000 8,000,000

(gross to,s)

~2.000

Ell:pP.nditnre from August 1, £ 1914, to March 81, 1923 (partly estimated) • . 470,000,000

Estimntell c•pitnlliability from April1, 1923. 832,000,000

liAND.A.TED 'l'ERRITORIEB. Expenditure

Territories on Ma10dated from Parlia-

3 ·2,0011,000 60S OuO 000 659,000 000 841.000,000 150,000,000 150,000.000

i.~~~ooo:ooo-·-12.078-.ooo,ooo

mentary Vot•• from April I, £ 1919, to Man·h Sl, 1923 (partly estimated) 153,000,000

OTHER EXPENDITURE. (Resulting from British participation in

the War.)

Some important. items uf expenditure by t-he United Kingdom wll'ch app<ar to f,,u under this de•cription arc:-

UNEMPLOY>IENT.

Partly esti­mated hetween April1, 1919, and MRrch 31,

1928

Total expenditure by the State and local authorities including exiating commit-ment • 400,000,000

XXIV THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

HotTSING.

Total oapital cost to the State and local authorities of the houses erected under the A.r,s\sted Hons\ng s~·lwme nml Private Builders' Sul>sidy

LIQUIDA1'ION OE' wAR COMMIT­MEN'l'd.

Railway and Canal Agree-ments . , , . .

:Ministries of Munitions an<l Shipping • . . .

Cowpensatlon for damage by enemy a.c tion . .

Coal mines detlciencies . Bread subsidy

POST-WAR. Relief and reconstruction antl

other post• war loans (capital

~25,000,000

208,000,000

86,500,000

5,000,000 48,000,000

101,500,000

and interest due on March31, 1922) . . • . .

OcCllJl&tion of Constantinople

GERMAN SHIPPING.

£ 88,000,000 20,000,000

A mount credited to G.rmany and debited to the Briti•h Empire on Reparation Account iu re•pect of merchant shipJling :­

Golrln.arks 1,852,418 gross tons valued at. 249,704,000

£ Or at 20 gold marks toll., about 12,485,000

A further debit will be made againot Series H 0" l.Jondd, in accortlanr.e with Article 6 of th" Spa Agreemtmt and Article 12 of the Agreement of Mat·ch 11, 1922

No German Colonies have been assigned to the British Empire State pro~·erty in Mandated Territories passes without pay­ment to the Gov••rnment exercising authority in those territol'ies under Articlu 120 of the Treaty of Versailles.

XIII.-THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE. The following i• a brief snmmary of the Treaty of Peace with 'Turkey presented by the

A!lierl Powera to the Turkish delegates on January 31, 1923 :-

I. F>·ontiers of Turkey.

(a) IN EUROPE.

Turkev in En rope will be bounded on the north by the Bulgarian frontier as luid down by the Treaty of Neuilly, and on the west by the left bank of tl.e Maritza.

Opposite AdJ·ianople, in order to provide access to tho u•ain ra1lway, a strip of territory on the right bank of the Mat·!tza, inrlud\ng the brl<lge and the smalll>raMh line, will he ced•d to Turkey between the r1vur aml Karagach.

A zone of territory to an avera.,e de~·th ot 30 km. on each •ide of the frontier of 'l'urk•Y m Europe w!Jl be deJJJilit.rized.

Turkey will reuounce a.ll rights at·d title over all the Islands (except Imbros and Tenedo•, which w.!l! be given to loer Hllhje 't to the grant of local •utonomy). T1oe follow· ing Island• will be deonilotarized :-Samotbrace, Imbros, Tenedos, Lemnos, Mytilene, Ohios, Samos, and Nikaria.

(b) IN AsiA.

The frontier with Syria w!JI be that alrearty agreed to between Franee and Turl;ey. Tlte frolltier with Iraq is to be left to the decision of the C•mncil of the League of

Natic,ns. Turkey w!ll renounce all rights aud title over Syria, Palestih•, Iraq, the Hejaz, the

Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, the Sudau, Lybia, and Cnrus.

II. The St>·aits.

Absolute freedom of passage and navigation by water and hy air in the DRrdanelles, the Sea of M:armora, and the Bospborus.

Ill. C'apitulat·ions.

All capitulations are abolished. The future •·egime of Foreigners in Turkey to be determined by a special convention.

IV. Mino?'lties.

Full protection of life and liberty and freedom of worship for all inhabitants of Turkey without di•tinct!on of languag .. , race, or r,.Ji~ion; enjo•meut by non-Moslem Turkish natioJJals of' the same civil and political rights as Moslems: equality before the law of all ~he inhabitants of Turkey without distinction of religion: freedom of all non-Moslem

INTRODUCTORY TABLES XXV

minorities to use their own language in their private intercourf::e or in commerce, as well as regl\rUs religi.on, the Press, and l'Ul>lic meeting.s: Turkish nationals :-;peaking a language ot!ler than Turk to use tht•u· lanb'11llge orally in the Courts; TIOJJ-Moslem minorities to possess the same rights as other 'flurki:ih nationals to founrl and mamtain charitable, religious, or sorial iustitutious aud schools, untl to be given special facilities as regards public iustrnctiun in towns aufl districts where such minoritJe:i resicle iu considerable nuntbel."s: 'l,urkey to take with 1'~;!nrd t'' Iwu-Mo:o;lem. minorities all measures permitting them to regulate questions or family or ptrt-~onal tttatus :accordiiJg to tht-ir usages, such IL.ea:;ures to be elabora:ed hter b.v spcmal Couuuisdnns compnsecl in e.~ual numbers of revresentatives of tht" interested 1uiuorit.ios witJa an urbiter chosen from European jurists by tl1e League of Nations and Turkey in agreement: proteetion of all churchc~, syna­gogues, '~emeteries, etc., auu faciliii ... tJ. for }liOUR f01.ndatinns and religious and ebari.table establh.hments belonging to exitu ing non-Mos1cm minorities in Turkey: freedom of internal movement and emigration for uon-Moslem minorities subject to certain reserves relating to good order.

All the above articles to be rc~Zartle_cl by Turkey as fundamental laws of Turkey, and to be placed under the guarantee of the Leagu~ of Nations hy an article similar to that guarankeing all Enro)ICBD ltlmority 'rl"eatics.

The 1,reR.t).' nlso reg:r11ate~ certuin econouaic and financial questions, and in particular the Ottoman Public Dol>t.

[For full text of the 'l'rcaty And correspondenee relating to the Lausanne Conferew·e, see "Laus~mne Conference ou Noar Eastern Affairs. 1922-~3." Cmd. 1814.]

XIV.-THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. The League of Nations is an association of States which have pledged themselve•,

through signing the Covemmt ("i.e., the constit11tion of the League) [Fur the text of the Covenant, see THE S'l'A1'EFUIAN's YJ<:An BooK f•ll' 1921, page xxviii], not to go to war before submitting their disputes with each other or States not members of the League to arbitration and a delay of from three to nine mrmths. Further111ore, any State violating this plet1ge is automatically in a :-~tate of f•ut,Jawrv with the other Stat~s, which are hound to sever all econo1uic and llOli• ic&l relations with the defanlting member. The States members of the League have pledged themselves to co-operate over a wide range of economic, social, humanitarian and labour questions.

rrhe. Lengue of Nations formall.v came into existence on ,January 10, 1920, through the comiug if.to force at that date of the Tre11ty of Ven;,dlles. The two o1flci'tl languages of the League are Engla;h awl French. The seat of the League is Ueneva, Switzerlaud . ..

I. MEMBERi-ililP.

The following :';2 ~Hates are members of the Lellgue :-

ALBA~IA 1 , , , ARGEK'fiNI<l HEJ'UBLW 1

AUSTRALIA AvsTRIA BELG!O).J BOLIVIA BRAZIL HUI.ru.ARIA. CANADA CI:ULE • CHINA • CoLoMBIA • COS1'A RICA. CUBA • • CZECHOSLOVAKIA DENMARK EsToNIA 1

lkcember 10, 1920 July 18, 1Ul9 ,January 10, 1H20 l)eet!llll.l('l' lG, ,, Jaumry ID,

" nel~ember 16, , January 10, ,, Nove1uber 4, 1~19 Jnly 16, 1920 }i'ebruary lti, , Deeember 16, , March to:, , January 10, , March 8, ,, SeptcmLor 22, 1921

FINLA~IJ 1

!1'RAS'I'I·~ C+H~J<;cr: (h~ A .. TE:.\1.\.L.\ .

HAITI • HOJ..LANJl HONDURAS lh:snARY )S(tlA •

l'fAt..Y •

JAPA". I .. A'fVIA 1

LIBERIA . LJ'I'HUANIA 1. IJl:XEMBURG Nv.w ZF.AI.ANn NICAR.A.fWA.

I )(~t·em ber Hi, 1 9:!0 Janua.ty lflJ n

)I arch 30, ~, .January 10, , June BO, March 9, , November 3, , Septen~ ber 18, 1922 January 10, 1920

sePiember 22. 1921 .June 30. 1920 Septemlwr 22, 1921 December 16, 1920 .J an nary 10, , ~ovcmber 3, ,

1 Signed Ut~ treaties concerning protectiOn of national minoritiE-s as a condition of their entry into tile J,eague.

1 'l'he delegation of the Argentine Republic did not attend the second Assembly and w•tildrew from t.il• fir•t Assembly upon the latt.r's decision to refer the amendment to Article 1 of tile Covrnant JlrOpused by the Argentine, for study by a committee that was to report to the secoud Assembly. The Argentine Government has not givrn notice of an intention to leave the r,eaguP, and appears to r< gard itself as in a state or suspended or passive membership, to continue until some measure regarded as a satisfact('ry equivalent to the !Ltilendmeut pwposed by the Argentine has bem adopted by the League.

xxvi THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK, 1923

NORWAY PANA:IlA l'ARAGU;\Y PERSIA. l'RRU • PoLAND PORTUGAL RUMANIA . SAN SALVADO!t . SERB•CROAT-SLOVJ<NE

)fnrch 5, 1920 ,Ja.uuat·y 9, , IJecem ber 26, 1910 November 21, " January HI, 1920

8, "

10, 11

STATE February 10, ,

SIAl! • • SOU'l'lf A FRif' ,\ SPAIN 0

SWEDEN . SWI'l'ZEltLAND • UNITED KI~(ii)(IM UlWGUAY • VE:SEZtTELA.

.January

,. January

10, 1920

9, " S, "

10, ,,

S, "

The following States are not yet members of the League:- United States, Germany, Russia, Turkey, Egypt, Ecuador, Mexico.

II. CONSPEC'l'US OF 'l'HE OBGANS OF THE LEAGUE.

For details as to the various organs of tl1e Le:lgue, see 'l'HE B'rATEsl\IAN's YEAR BooK 1922, pp. xxx. to xti. 'l'he following table furni•hes only a general conspectus:-

A. PRIMARY OauANs. (a) Council and Assembly. (b) Secretariat.

Secteta1·y qeneral.-Sir James Eric D1ummond, K.C.M.G., C. B.

B. SECONDARY 0RGAl<S.

c.

(a) '!'he Technical Organiz.tions. 1. Econom,ia and Fiaancial. 2. Health. S. T1•ansit. 4. Labotw (lnternalional Lab01w O.Olce).

(l1) Advisory Commissions. 1. Milita?•y, Naval and Ai1• CommiBrion. ~. Comrnlssionj'or Reduction of Armaments. 8. ]fanclates C01nmissio·,l, 4. Oplmn Comm·ts&lon., r), Social Camm·i~sion.

(c) International Bureaux. 1. Hyclrogra.ph'i .. c .Bul'eau. 2. Reli~f' liu?·eau. S. InstUHte of CommeJ·ce. 4. Committee on Intellectual Co-operation.

(d) A<lministrat!ve Organizations. 1. Saar Governing Committee. 2. Free City of .Damig.

INTERNATIONAl., CollR1' OF JuRTICE.

IT!. BUDGET OF THE LEAGUE.

(1) Tl<e allocation o.f expense~ as .a.~·ed h?! tlu T/1 i?"d A11embly o.f tl" Lea(! ut is a1 follows:-Units Unit. Units

States. p:Lyshle. Htateo. payable. States. J.l&)able. Albania 1 !treat Britain 95 Para" nay 1 Arg•utina (35) Greece 10 Persia Au,tralia 26 Guatemala: 1 Per·u 10 Austrill 1 Hait-i 2 Poland (15-i-Io): 25 llel~ium (20-5) 15 Honduras 1 Portugal . . 10 Bolll'ia 5 Hunuary 4 Rumania (40-9) SI Brazil so India • 65 Salvador 1 Bulg•rin 7 It11ly (7S-i2) (i} "erb-Croat.illov~ne Canada S5 tlal1an, • 78 State (s;-9) 26 Chili 15 I atvia (5-2) s Siam , . 10 Cllina. 65 Liberia . 1 t!outh Africa 15 Coloml•ia 1 Lithuania (5-1) 4 ~pain. 40 Costa Rica 1 Luxerubut·g 1 sw.den 18 Cuba • g N•therlaucts 20 Switzerland 15 Czechoslovakia . S5 New Zealand 10 Ul'Uj.(Uay 1 Denma1·k 12 ~icaragua 1 Venezuela 5 Estonia (5_:2) : s Norway 11 France (95-17) . 78 Pananu~ 1 Total 9H

INTRODUCTORY TABLES xxvii

Belgium, E~to11ia, FrJ.nce, Ital~·, Latvia, Lithuania, Rumanin, and Serh·Croa.t-Slovene State have had their quotas temJ•nrarily reduced by tile number of units inrlicat•d opposite E"&Ch country, owJug to tl1e fuct. tlwt they WHO invaded riurhlg the wm·. l'oland, however, wh.ich was also invade1l, volm,tm·i.ly agreed to rai"'e the quota allote1l to it from 15 to 2ft units, and so helped to makeJWSSililc the ncc•1•tance of the whole scheine.

(2) The Lea,,qtte Bwlwt J{ll' the ,rit'th .tr'.~r:ctl pr>J'iod (10:?3). Staterl!<:,,l q( irwonu mul t:ependit'Hl'C, (One golti,1htnc = on1~ SuJist; Ji·ant·.)

Expenditure.

S!<~CRETARIA'l' AND SPE<'TAL OltGANlHA'I'LONA.

Sessions of the Assembly anrl Council. , • . .

General Serviees of Secretariat Special Organisations of the

League • . . . Refund of Expenst•s (Vilna

Plebiscite) . . . . Profit and Los< on Exchange , Buildings, Perma~~eut l!l'Juip­

ment, etc. . Working Capital

OTHER 0RO.·\~IS.\'rws:-;.

Perman•nt Court of Inter. national Jnstice • . .

Gnl<l I~'rAnes.

100,000 1

ii, 784,9!5 .

5, 122,s25 1

422 260 200,000

i 1,2os.o1il 1

500,000 .

I· 1,880,000 ,I

Internntionnl Labour Organisn· tion • • . . . ~0,4G2 ,/

lllCOlllf'.

Onnnu.Rv CnNTnmuTJONS. 1

Towa.rds nnrmnl upkeep . '!'ownrds upkeep of PernlflHEmt 1

Court of International Juslice. . . . ..

Tow•r•l• upkeep of the Int•r· 1

nntionnl Labour Orl!'aui$ntioul I~X'l'R,\ORDINAltY CON'l'It I BU-

'IIO:'IIS

'J'owar•1• Buildmg•, etc. · •rownrds Working CO.llitnl I Towards U.t!fmul of Bxptmse ~

(Vihm Plebis<Jite) . 1

Gohl FraiJCFI.

13,407,7i0

I,SSO,OOO

~.200,402

1, 263 01 500,000

422,260

________________ _ _________ -----~~~~u7s~~~-~--~~~- ····· _ j 25,G7S 508 -· -·· ·--------

IV. PUBLICATIONS OF 'J'HJ!l LEAGUJiJ 01' NATIONS.

Publications Issued by the Publications Department of the Rccretariat of U,e League of Nations:-

Coven.nt of the Lea~ue. Offiria! Journal (•nd Snpplemen!s). Hesolutlons and Recommendations of the 1st, 2nd and Sri\ Assemblio•. lll.inut.es of the :Sessions of the Council of the League nf Nati• '""· Heporto of the Serrctnry-General to the 1st, 2nd nnd Brd Assemblies on the Work of

the Council. Mtnutns of the Ression~ of the Mandates Commission. Report of the Fiuanzial Committee of' thA Council on tlt~ FiuauciAl Reronstitutinn of

Austria. 'l'lte September 19~2, and March 1923 supplements of the MOJ•tl•lY Suwma~·y on the oame suhject.

The MonthlY Bulletin of Statistics. 'J'he Reciprocal 'l'reatmeut of Branches of E'orrign Banks in Different Countries. Hec•·rd• of the International Financial Conference of Brnssels. Records of the Barcelona Conf<'l'Ance on 'l'ransit and Co•nmnnications. Uecords of the International Conference on 'J'mfl!c in Women and Children. Mln11tes of the Session of the Provisional Health Con.mittee. J!Mords conrerning the International Court of Justice (I. Docnruents pre•ented to

Jurists' Committee; 11. Proce~di,gs of the Jnrists' Committee; ll I. Action taken by the Council an <I Aoseu• bly).

Publications issued hy the Information flection of the SecretRriat: Monthly Summary of the League of Nations (mu·rent record of the League's doill;(•).

V. INT;,:RNA.TIONAL LA.BOUR OF'FlCE.

1'he Labour Oflice has organised four International Conferences, as fallows :-191\l, Washington ; 1920, Genoa; 1921, Grn rva ; 1922, Grneva

For particulars of results of the 1irst three conferences, ns also for full information"" to the I,abour Office M a whole, see the STAT"SMAN's YE.U1 BouK for 19~:l, p. xxxvlii.

XXVlll THE STATESMAN'S YEAR BOOK, 1923

At the fourt~ conference a recommendation W<tR adopted asking each State Member to communicate to the Office all information avai!a11'e, ~o far as possible ever:r three montlls, and within three moutbs of the end or the Jlt~riod 1.1) which it refers, concerning emigration, immigration, repl\tnation fl.Ud transit or emigrants. It also re cow mended that the ~tates Merubers should communicn.te to the Office within six mouths of tl1e tmd of the year to which they refer, the total tlgures of emigrants and immigra~tts, ~howing sepftrately nationals and aliens, and sptcifying particularly for nationals, a11d as far as possible for aliens, the sex, age, oce•lpation, nationality, country of ]ast residence and country of proposed residence.

It a!Bo recommended that States Members should make agreements with other merubers providing for the adoption of a uniform definition of the ter111 "endgr:u;t," and the use of a uniform method of recording ~tatistical information vdth regard to tmi~ration and immigration.

VI. MANDATES. The African ani Pacific possessions and certain tenitories of the German anrl

Ottoman Empires were cedtd hy these countries at the end of the war to the Allied and Associat•d Powers The latter had inserted an artrclc (Art.'!'!) in the Covemnt of the League accorrling to Whirh the inhabitants of tltes? tHritories sh~,uld be )JUt under the tutelage of" advanced 11ations who hy reason of thtir re~our('es, their experitnce, or th6ir geographical position, can best undertake this respom,ibility. '' These nations should act as mandatories ot the League, and cxerci~e tllolr powers on behalf of the League. '!'hey· should act on the princiJ>le that tliC well· tJcing and develoJ.mentof tl1e peoples under their tutelage formtd a ''saf~red trnst of c1 v ili:-ation ,'' at,d should render the Council an annu:ll report on the t6rritory connwtt-ert to the1r charge .

.Artielf 22 furtherHJore divides the IJ a.JitlatEd tenitories into thre-e classes, according to the degree of civilisation of tlH·ir inhal.it·'lnt;-;, econornic and geographic circun,stances, and so forth. Class A is COlnJ 1nsed (If the CtHillllllllities detacht!d from the Ottoman Empire, declared to ha Ye ~ l reached a stage of tlcwdopment wl1ere their t).istence as independent nations can be provisional!)· recognised subject to the rtndering of administrative advice and assistance hy a .Mandatory n11til such time as they are able to stand alone."

Clas~ B, consisting of the former German colMliPs in CPntral a.nd East Africa, should be administered by tbt- Mandatory under conditions "hi eh wi1J "guarantee freedom of conscience or religion, subject only to the maiutrnance of public order and montls. the prohibitiOn of abuses such as the slave tradP, the anus traffir. BJld the liquor 1ra11ic, and tl1e prevention of the establishment of fortiHcations f'•r mili1ary or navnl bas(':-) mul of n1ilitary training of the natives for otht·r than polir•e p11rposP.S a11d tbe defence of territory. ar.d will also secure equal opportnnitits for the trade and commerce of other mem be1s of the Lt·ague."

Class C (German South-West Africa and PaciOc Islands posse>sion•) is composed of territories which u can best be administered under the lal' s of the .Manrlatm-y as integral portions of its territory, suhj~:ct to the saffguards above mentioned in tl1e inttrcsts of the intlJ~f'nous population."

The Supreme Council, as the organ of the Allied and Associatt d rowers, drew "P the termR of and allocatt:d the u1andates for the territories Cf'ded by Germ:Jny and Turkey, suhject to tile ap,.rova! of tt•e Council of the League. The lllandates and u.andatory powers~ as deter1uined by the Supreme Council, are : ~

A ltiartdate~.-Mesopotamia (now ihe Kingdom of Iraq) and Palestine, attributEd to Great Brjtain. Syria(iLcluding Lebanon), attribnted to Prat·ce.

B .Man<la.tet.-Togo\and aHd Ca.meroons, attriUnted to France. The NorLh-\Vestern J-.Ortion of forn1t-r G enllllll East Africa, a.th ibl.terl to Belgium. The rcmai~Jder of former German East Afri('a, (now 'l'ungar,yika Colony), attributed to

Great Bntain. ·

C ftfandatet.-Former German South Pacific posses.s.ionR (f'\:Cfpt Nauru and Samoa) attributed to Australia

Samoa, attrihuted to New Zealand, a.nd Nauru, t.dtrihuted b) the British Rmpire and admildstered b.l Australia, ~ew Zealand, and Grrr1t Britain

Former G~->rman North Pacific posseE·sionl'l' (Yap, etc.). ~~ttriln1ted to Japan. Former German South-West Africa, attriUuttd to the l"nion of South Africa.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS XXlX

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. GREAT BRITAIN.

Ci·••il Se~·•Jice B•ti•natu (net) [01· 1923-24 :-

Board of Education (Englancl and W•lle•) . Public Eduoation (Scotland) • • • Old Age Pensions • Ministry of Pensions . . • . • Mimstry of Health and Scottish Board of Health Ministry of r,ahour . . . Northern Ireland, grants in aiel • . • • Criminallnjnrirs (Ireland) Compensation, etc .. Disl•Osal and L'qnidation ComiRi<sion Shipping Liquidation . . . . . Raihvay and 'anal Agreements r,i'l,nidation Coal Mines Dellcienry • . . . . Other Civil Service•

Revenue Departments­Customs and Excise InlAnd Revenue . Post Office

<lrand Total

------- ----.. ----

41,914,~00 6,923,000

23,200,000 78,655,000 21,998,000 16,187,000 2,460,000 3,075,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 1,965.000 1,500.000

56,483,000

251,670,000

5.00!1,000 6,589,000

50,874,000

314,135,000 ------------------------- -----

NatnJ E•timattH.-Thc Naval Estimates for 1923-24 provide for 61,401,1651. gross, and £58,000,000 net ..

A•·m11 E.ftimai,..-TI:e Army estimates for 1923-24 provide for 52,000,0001. Nnmlters on the regimental esta.blisha.LJonts and the Regular Army, Army Reserve,

Militia, and Territorial AriUy :-

i Eslabllshments, All Ranks

-------------------------1922-23 ; 1923-24 1

~--l-47-,-08-;-!·--14-6-,64-5--3,5Q8 6,474

British Troops (Regimental), exeluoive of India Colonial ancl Native Indian Troops • . • Army Reserve . . • lllilitia, United Kingdom • . . . . .

84,000 78,000

Milit-ia, Channel I•1•nuls (including Per.aanent Staff) . , lllilitia, Malta, R. E., and Bermuda, anll BermQda '

(a) (a) 1,236 1,238

Volunteers (Including Pcrn•anent Stan) (b). 6il7 667 Territorial Army (including Permanent Stalf) . • , "182,028 180,711 Otlicers Training CorJl& (Oflicers ancll'ermancnt Stalf) . , 1,241 1 1,276

Total (exeln•ive oflndia) • • • , '-419,887-~--;D,ool-Briti•h Troops (Regimental) on Indian Establiohment . ' 71,109 i 71,857

Total _______ • _: 49~946~~ 48~~~58 (a) Estalolishment not yet fixed. (b) The Malta Militia Infantry is excluded, no establishment having yet been fixed. llewme 1922-28.-'l'he revenue tor year ending lllareh 81, 1928, waa 9H,01214~2!, ; the

exJ•encliture was 812,496,6041. WEI-HAI·W~;I (Jl. 187).

A joint commiHsion of British and Chine•e delegates has ~en engaged in a preliminar~· investigation of the conditions under wnich Wei-Hai· Wei should be returned to China, and the reports of the British clelegation are under <"on•ideration (March 1923).

IRAQ. Finance (p. 191).-Uivil•·eceipLs and expenditure:-

1920-21

Hevenue . Expenditure

Ru}IC8S 6, 27' 90,702 9,08,86,968

1Q21-~2 Rupees

o,li3,P9,144 5,90, 71,729

XXX THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

PALESTIJ\E. Co>tstitutio" (p. 193}.-0n September 1, 1922. a new constitution was promulgated to

replace the existing arrangements. It provides for the a-ppointment of a High Com­missioner and Commander-in-Chief and an Executive Conncil.

A Legislative Council will replace the Ad ,·isory Council and will have authority to pass snch Ordinances as may be necessary for the peacP., order. and good goTernrnertt of Palestin•, provided (l} that no Ordinance shall reotrict complete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forws of worship, save in so far as is required for the maintenance of pnblir order and moraJs, or shall tend to discriminate in nny way betwt'en the inhabi­tants of Palestine on the gronnd of race, religior., or language ; (2) that do Ordinance shall take effect until either the High Commissioner or His Majesty has &J-sented thereto: (3) that the High Commissioner may reserve any Ordinance for the signifi(•ation of His llajesty's ]>leasure, and shall so reserve any Ordinance which concerns matters dPalt with specifically by the provisions of the Jllandate; and (4) that His Maje.ty may disallow any Ordinance to which the High Commissioner may have assented within one year of the date of the High Commis::.ioner's assent.

'l'he Legislative Co1mcil will consist, in addition to the Higb Commissioner, of 22 members, of whomlO will be official members and 12 unofficial members. All tl1e unofficial members will be elected~ not less than two being Christians, and two Jews~ The elected members will be chosen by prin1ary and secondary elections~ Every male Palestinian citizen over 2i years of a~e is entit1ed to vote at tl·e primary eJection, unless he has lost his civil rights or claims to be a foreign subject, or under foreign protection, or is otherwise disqualified. The number of secondary P.lectors to be elected in each electoral area is determined on the basis that every 200 primary electors will elect one secondary elector. If any village or quarter has between 150 and :2QP Jlrimary electors, it is entitled to vote f••r one secondary elector ; if it has between 350 anti 400 }.lrimary electors, it is entitled to vote for two secondary electors, and so on.

Any person may be elt>cted as a secondary elector provided he is on the register of primary elech•rs for the district.

The secondary electors will be formed into twelve electoral coHeges according to the religious counuunity to which they belong; subject to the minimum representation stated above, the nnmbers of eo11eges to be allotted to rach relijjtious C!ommonity lWi1l be pro­pmtionate to ttc numbf'r of stcondary electors beJHuging to the several communities; and each electoral coUege eleets one me1nber of the Council.

~pecial provision is m:J.de for the government of territories comprised in the Mandated territory to the east of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, to which certsin Articles of the :Mandate have been declared by the Conucil of the League of Nations to be inappli~able. A local A1-ab Administration has been formed under His Higlu.ess the Emir Abdullah Ibn Hussein, G.B.E. (son of King Husscin of the Ibjaz and brother of King Feisal of Inq) assisted by a stAff of Arnbadv1sers. The High Comtnisswner for Palest•ne is represented in Transjordan I>)· H. St. John ll. Philby, C. I.E., I.C.S. The official language is Arabic.

The rastern and southern boundaries of Transjordan are yet to be defined.

KENYA. Finance p. 201).-Eotimated revenue in 1923: 1,783,6201.; expenditure, 1,758,5961.

TIU,TAN DA CUNHA. The population is a boat 140 (p. 218).

SOUTHERN RHODESIA. Con&titution (p. 2:!5).-The British Prime Minister announced in the House of Commons

on February 27. 1923, that it is the intention of His Majesty's Government to give effect to the result of the recent referendum by granting respon•ibla government to the people of Southern Rhodesia at the earliest practicable date. Th~ proeed1ue proposed is by way of Or~ler in Council annexing the territory and by Letters Patent providing for the Constitu­tion. Drafts of these instruments have already loeen published in Cmd. 1573.

BECHUANAT,AND. Khama, chief of the Bamangwato, died in February 1923, and has been succeeded by

his son Sekgoma (p. 223).

CmnmuC'r, 1922 :-

Union of South Africa . Southern Rhodesia N orLhern Rhodesia South- W Pst Africa

BlUTISII SOUTH AFRI\JA.

'l'otal Imports. Total Ezports.

£ £ 51,5:>7.371 60,333,755 3,879,lll 4,rit7,693

500,321 6!6,0831 -·-·--·· -----"-'--=l,!i_7_,_"!'__. ___ 1.~2_4_7._2_29_

I The tigurc for 1921 is 565,000/. (not 805,0001. as on p. 227). BwJact 1923-24.-Uevenue, ~7,555,<JOOI.; expenditure, 28,561,0001.

ADDITIONS AND CORREC'fiONS XXXl

TANUANYIKA. Finan"e (p. 280). Estimates for 1922-23: Revenne,l,209,0001.; expenditure, 2,009,0001. Ctt>'>'enc,>f (p. 28\), The German rupee and all Uerman s'il1·er to cease to be legal

curren<·y alter MArch 81, 1U23. :';UPAX .

.llutlgct 1928-24.-The bllllget for 1(>:!3·21 balances at E3,46f•,OOOI.

CANADA. Agl'icullu,·e (p. 300).-'Final estimates for \922: Area under lleld crops, 57,200,681 ne re•.

Crops; Wheat, 399,786,400 bushels (22,422,603 atn·es); oats, 491,289,000 bushels (14,541,22il acres); barle•, 71,865,300 h ahels (2,599,520 acres!; !lax seed, 5,008,500 bushels (565,479 acres); rye, 32,378,400 bushels; I"'"'• 8,4tS,diiO l>ushAls; benus, 1,303,HOO hushel•; buck­wheat. 9,701,200 busl1els; 111ixed ~rains, 27,707,7<10 \J•t•hels; corn for husking, 13,708,000 bushels; potatoes, 55,745,300 cent••L• (lOO lb.), 68~.59! acres; turnip~, mangolds, etc., &S,g7S,f>OO cent a!. (221,256 ar-res); sugar beets, 190,400 tons (20,725 acres); lHty and cloycr, 14,488,200 tons (10,001,667 ""res).

Mi•<ing(p. 801).-Prelin•inarv e•timates for H>22: Total val~e of mineral production, 1R0,622,000 dollars (metals, 61,781,000; non-met•l•, 88,891,000; structural materials ancl elny proctnrts, 85,000,1100). Gold 011tput, 1,200,000 ozs. ; s!l vcr, 15, 72M,OOO· ozs. ; lead, 08,738,000 lb.; coJ'per, 51,220,0011 lb.; coal, 14,210,000 tons; asbestos, 189,000 tons.

Commerc•· ()I. 307).-Jmports and exports in calendar years 1921 an<ll922 :-

i Imports. Exports.

---1921-r--u;;;;--- --1;21 ------ ·;;;22

------ ----- -----·- i Dollars. DollarA. Dollars.

Aorlcultural ancl veg•tnhlc J1t'Otlucts '197,683,617 159,059,173 357.523,011 Animal products . , . . 48,793 277 47,657,84'2 141,33, 176 Fibres aud textiles . 12fi,2V4,17H 160,120.572 7,875,525 Wood and paper . i 3,,n9,672 85 088 429 !86,092,P91 Iron and its products ! 121,470,117 12ij,467,~5G 82,620,942 Non-f•-rrcous metals , I 31,516,560 34,~52,6111 27,214,004 Non-ucetallic lltinerals 15'l.Ol7,057 127_,363,2'·7 25.034,872 Chemical proouch 25,014,118 2o,6011,3>2 10.292 348 Miscellaneous 53,449,,M7 45,989,1182 14, 710,95ti

Dollar<. 307.375,826 185,444,631

6,918,006 213,145,888 41,800,812 39,549,486 24,1411,00.) 12,4>4,••06 13,508,828

•rota! . 1 799,478,483 762,339,809 802,699,820 8R4,862,5Sa

' ··---·····----- .. ------- ·----·· Ministlrilll Cho.n~ ... -Mr. Oeor~e P. Graham, Canadian lllinistPr of Defence, is to be

appointerl Minister of Railways. He wlll be succeeded by Mr. Thomas Low, who is now a Minister without Portfolio.

WEST IN DIES (p. 350). Conatltutiona! chong.s. -The British Government announced in the House of Commons

on Februar.• 20, 1923, that the discussions regarding the Windward Isloncls a)'e now complete And the instrmuents n•cessary to provide for tile introduction of eloete<l rc)•re•entation in the Councils of the three Winc\ward Islanrls are now being r!t·afterl, In Trinidad, British Honduras and Dominica the suhjeet is still under consi<leration Jncally, No reply has ) et ueen received from Jamaica regordiug the constitutional rllanges proposed for that colony.

-"1AURU ISLAND (p. 461). Under the terms of the N11urn Island .Agreement Art, 19l:O, the phosphates produced

in any one year in :Nanrn or Ocean Island ore allocated to the United Klngdow, 42 per cent.; Australia, 42 per cent.: New Zealand, 16 per cent. These allotncei•t• ar• intende<l for agri .. uJt,ural purposes in the res}leet.ive countriPs, The depo•its are worked and sold under the dirertion, management and control of three Commissioners appointe<l by the three governments.

UNITED STATES. Jl.li•i&t<1"ial cltange& (p. 4G8).-Mr. Fall, Secretar)· of the Interior, resigned on February

~7, 1923. H• was sncc•eded by Dr. Hnbert Worl<, the Postn>nster-General. The new Postmaoter-General is Mr. Harry Stewart New,

Telephone •tati•ttc• 1922 (p. 510).-Thc number of telephone stations at the end of 1922 was 14,050,565.

Total miles of wil·e, 30,616,5~2. Xum ller of employees, ~43,053.

ltXXll THE STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK, 1923

ARGENTINA. Budgd for 1923 (p. 696).-Reeeipts, 462,146,01S paper pesos; expenditure, 604,084,458

paper pesos.

AUSTRIA. T>·ade 1922 (p, 711).-l'he following fl!(ttres •how trade of Au~tria for 2 years (in

millions of gold kronen):-

!Ill pOrts Exports

1921 1922

1,699 904

BELGIUM.

1,591 1,047

Budget 1923,-Revenue, 5,042,070,740 francs; expenditure, 8,aS7,021,149 francs.

EGYP1'.

New Cabinet (p. 858).-A. new Cabinet was appointed as follows on March 15, 1923:­Prim~ Mini•t~1· an.d Mini•ter o.f Inte1·ior.--Ychia. Pasha lbrahim. Fo1•eign .4ffairs.-Heshmat Pasha.. Bducation.-1'awfik Rifa&t Pasha. Communir.at1on1.-Ziwar Pashn. Finance.-M11hib Pasha. Pious Foundation•.-Ahmed Ali Paoba. Public IV01·ko.-Hafez Hassan Pasha. Wa>·.-Mahmud Azmi Pasha. J"•tice. -Al1med ZulJlkar Pnnha . .AgricultMe.-Fauzi Bey Motel. Budget 1923-24.-Revenue, E34,905,000l.; expenditure, E31,355,000l.

GERMANY. The Ruhi',-The area of the Ruhr is e•tiluated about 2,500 square kilometres (965

square miles), with a population of 4,000,1100. Coal production (in tons) in 1913, 114,8ll,140; 1020, 88,255,139; 1921,94,114,785; 1022,

97,850,000.

ITAI,Y.

Mineral product-ion (p. 1069).-The mineral l'rodnc-tion of Italy in 1921 is shown as follows:-

Mineral produc·~---1- ~~"~ __ _

I Metric tons

Iron ore , 279,980 Mnnganese 4,7110 Copper 22 700 r.ead 26,500 Zinc, . 60,000 Iron pyrite• 448,600

Mineral products

Sulphur and crusherl sulphur Lignite . , , . . Petrolet;m . . . . Asphaltic and bituminous rock Marble

LITHUA:SIA.

1921

Metric tons 313.400

1,134,250 4,780

02,400 ~54,000

Ne"' elections.-'l'ho Lithuanian parliament was disKolvt<l in March 1923 anti' new elections have been fixed for May l:J.

1\IEXICO.

Debt (p. 1181).-'rhe debt of Mexico on June so, 1922 amounted \Q 508,830,777 dollat'P,