The State of the Laboratory Michael Witherell Users’ Meeting June 10, 2002.

The State of the Laboratory

Michael Witherell

Users’ Meeting

June 10, 2002

Strategic Steps Toward our Scientific Goals A Multi- Prong Approach

Elements of a Roadmap by Topic The Existing and Near- Term Program Theoretical Physics, Phenomenology and Data Analysis Theory The Energy Frontier Tevatron/CDF/D0 LHC/CMS Lepton Flavor Physics MiniBooNE NuMI/MINOS Quark Flavor Physics CDF/D0 BTeV CKM Unification Scale Physics Cosmology and Particle Physics SDSS CDMS High- Energy Particle- Astrophysics Auger

from Bagger and Barish talk at HEPAP

Users' Meeting 6/10/02 3

The Tevatron Collider Program

Run II is the most important activity at Fermilab.


Run IIa Luminosity Goals

Run IIa refers to operations supported by the collider configuration envisioned during the Main Injector construction. For most of Run Ib, average luminosity at start of store was

~1.6x1031 cm-2 s-1. Integrated luminosity delivered was ~0.15 fb-1. Luminosity:

– 5x1031 (Main Injector Project baseline)

– 8x1031 (renormalized when we exceeded our Run I goal)

– 2x1032 (Recycler Ring incorporated into the Main Injector Project)

Integrated luminosity: ~2 fb-1, or >10x Run Ib. These were ambitious goals, pushing the accelerator complex an

order of magnitude beyond previous performance.


Run II Luminosity

The collider performance in Run II got off to a disappointing start. With great effort, the Beams Division made a lot of progress on the

luminosity over about two months. The peak luminosity increased from ~0.9E31 on 3/25/02 to ~1.8E31 by

5/10/02. Many problems identified; some solutions found; many more to go.

We are planning on a long campaign to improve collider performance.

Performance: Peak Luminosity

Jan. HEPAP

AA->MI opticsStep 13

new injection helix

beamloading compensation

Performance: Integrated Luminosity


General Strategy (modified slightly since January)

January 1 – June 1• Improve antiproton efficiency from Accumulator to Tevatron low-• Improve proton intensity at Tevatron low-• Commission Recycler parasitically

June 3-14• Shutdown to install new Accumulator transverse core cooling

June 15 – December 31• Improve stacking rate• Shutdown for continuing Recycler vacuum work (tentatively scheduled

September 30-November 10)• Integrate Recycler into operations• Minimize access time


Underlying Accelerator Physics Issues

Three primary accelerator physics issues appear to be emerging, and are being dealt with: Accumulator emittance/heating

– Intrabeam scattering appears implicated as major source Long range beam-beam in the Tevatron

– Manifested as poor antiproton lifetime at 150 GeV– Once collision configuration achieved, this is not impacting

performance– Contribution to lifetime from vacuum under investigation

Proton longitudinal emittance– Beamloading compensation implemented some improvement, but

appears to be growth during acceleration in Main Injector. These issues interconnect many of the individual performance

parameters

Progress requires attacking everything in parallel.


Physics prospects in Run II

The most important new results will come either from precise measurements of fundamental quantities or from discoveries (or definitive exclusion) of new physics.

Precise measurements, looking for an inconsistency with the Standard Model: top quark and W boson properties measurements of B mixing and CP parameters

Possible discoveries include the Higgs boson or any new physics, that is physics beyond the present theory, at the Tevatron mass scale: Higgs boson Supersymmetry Extra dimensions New dynamics (technicolor, new gauge bosons) Quark or lepton compositeness

Every factor-of-2 increase in the size of the data sample (integrated luminosity) makes possible a new round of important physics results.


Prospective physics highlights at 0.1-0.3 fb-1

0.1 fb-1

Even with a data sample of this size, there will be many new physics results. New detectors have increased

capability Ecm changed from 1.80 to 1.96

TeV, significantly increasing cross sections for high-mass states.

Production of top, bottom, and charm quarks, W and Z, jets

B Physics: Start of a broad program: spectroscopy, lifetimes, and mixing

0.3 fb-1

Major new results in every area Top quark: Mass measurement

with twice current precision CP violation: Bs mixing to xs = 25

New physics searches: Extra dimensions with scale of 1.6

TeV Confirmation or elimination of

new physics indicated by Run I observation of rare events

QCD: Jet spectrum at highest transverse energy


Prospective physics highlights at 1-2 fb-1

1 fb-1

Electroweak W magnetic moment, signals for

WW and W+Z production top quark properties with 1000 top

events per experiment

Supersymmetry possible signals in trileptons SUSY Higgs signal for m(A) ~

100 GeV, tan beta = 35

B Physics b lifetime to 0.06 ps

2 fb-1

Electroweak: W boson mass measured to greater

precision than from LEP top quark mass to 2.7 GeV/expt

Higgs 95% exclusion of Higgs boson

with mass of 115 GeV

Supersymmetry observe squarks and gluinos if

gluino masses below 400 GeV observe chargino/neutralinos if

mass below 180 GeV, tan CP violation and Bottom quark

Measurement of decay mode Bd K*with 60 events

Bs mixing to xs = 40


Prospective physics highlights at 4-8 fb-1

4 fb-1

Higgs: 95% exclusion of standard Higgs boson up to 125 GeV

Supersymmetry discovery of supersymmetry in

large fraction of parameter space for minimal supersymmetry

discovery of SUSY Higgs for m(A)~150 GeV, tan

8 fb-1

Higgs 3evidence for standard Higgs

with mass less than 122 GeV 95% exclusion of standard Higgs

for masses below 135 GeV or from 150-180 GeV

Supersymmetry: 95% exclusion of the minimal

supersymmetric Higgs in the maximal mixing model


Prospective physics highlights at 15 fb-1

Higgs 4-5evidence for standard Higgs with mass of 115 GeV 95% exclusion of standard Higgs for all masses below 185 GeV

Supersymmetry SUSY trilepton signal extended to large tan beta and gluino masses 600-

700 GeV possible discovery of supersymmetric Higgs boson m(A) up to 200 GeV,

tan Electroweak

top quark mass measurement with error of 1.3 GeV/expt W mass measurement with error of 15 MeV/expt


Run IIb

Additional luminosity provides greater precision for electroweak measurements, greater reach for exotic searches, plus the opportunity to observe a low-mass Higgs boson.

Accelerator Improve luminosity by factor of 2-3 with a number of modest upgrades. Accelerator advisory committee reviewing progress. Right now, the attention must be concentrated on run IIa.

Detectors Two upgrade projects:

– Replace partly rad-damaged silicon detectors with new detectors of simpler design with more rad-hard technology.

– Upgrade data acquisition and triggers to deal with higher luminosity. PAC has been following projects, Stage 1 approval discussion at Aspen


Physicists need forefront facilities to address the most important problems.

Program Physicists FacilitiesTevatron 600 CDF, 600 D0 collider complex, detectors,

computing farms

Neutrino 200 MINOS, 60 BooNE neutrino beams, large detectors

US-CMS 300 detector, computing,

research home

US-LHC 600 US, 3000 other accelerator systems

Astro 250 Auger, 45 CDMS large detectors

150 SDSS telescope, data handling system

Quark Flavor 150 BTeV, 60 CKM accelerator complex, detectors

Lattice Gauge 60 commodity cluster facility


NuMI

The NuMI project went through major restructuring in 2001. New baseline cost and schedule approved Changes implemented to increase support for NuMI

The project is in much better shape. Excavation is complete! Tunnels and halls contract will be

completed late this year. Bid process for the next major construction contract is under way. The MINOS detector installation is going ahead of schedule.

The May, 2002 DOE review went very well. We are still giving NuMI intense oversight, along with Run II.

TTunnel Boring MachineFirst piece of decay pipe

166th plane in Soudan March, 2002

225 out of 486 now installed


MiniBooNE is about to start.

Detector complete and observing cosmic muons

Horn tested and being installed Beam extracted to temporary dump

First neutrinos scheduled for July, 2002


The LHC Program

US-CMS

65% complete; schedule performance good

We are planning the transition to the CMS research program.

– We are working to integrate the CMS research program into the laboratory.

– We will make it possible for US-CMS members to work productively on CMS research.

US-LHC Accelerator Project 73% complete; schedule

performance good Preparing a US effort to work

toward higher luminosity

21Users' Meeting 6/10/02

BooNE

Fermilab Research Program

Year: 2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

Neutrinos: MiniBooNE

NuMI/Minos

Run IIaCollider: Run IIb

BTeV physics

MI Fixed Target:

Testbeam

CKM

Astrophysics:

CDMS

Auger

LHC physics

PRIMESloan


BTeV

BTeV is the ideal next-generation experiment on CP violation in quarks. Sensitive search for new physics by comparing CP asymmetries Much larger samples in critical Bd modes than best present experiments in

addition to all of those from the Bs

Innovative pixel-based trigger, precise em calorimetry

We restructured the project to reduce cost, delay date of major spending, and remove early magnet work.

New plan reapproved by PAC in April The next step is a DOE review.


CKM

CKM will be able to collect 100 K+events to make a precise measurement of Vtd.

It will use a RF-separated kaon beam produced with 120 GeV protons from the Main Injector.

R&D work on beam and detector is proceeding.


Linear Collider R&D

The HEPAP Subpanel: We recommend that the highest priority of the U.S. program be a

high-energy, high-luminosity, electron-positron linear collider, wherever it is built in the world.

We recommend that the U.S. prepare to bid to host the linear collider, in a facility that is international from the inception, with a broad mandate in fundamental physics research and accelerator development.

Fermilab is working to follow these recommendations, but there are serious constraints. The U.S. effort is working within the constraint of a fixed annual

spending level of $19.2 M, $16.2 SLAC and $3.0 Fermilab. The first sign that the federal government is responding to the

linear collider recommendations would be more funding for R&D.


Linear Collider Activities

US Leadership Linear Collider Steering Committee had first meeting. Dorfan (chair), Tigner, Witherell, Burke, Holmes, Dugan, Dawson, Bagger,

Kim, Marlow, Oreglia, Brau International Leadership

ICFA appointed Working Group chaired by M. Tigner to select membership and charge for International LCSC.

Draft report submitted to ICFA; expect meeting at Amsterdam Accelerator R&D

The US needs to increase linear collider R&D support immediately if it is to take a leading role.

Physics and Detector Studies New leadership for a broader US physics and detector group Octet of 4 Fermilab, 4 university physicists to coordinate Fermilab-related

effort

Workshop on “Research and Development Opportunities for the Linear Collider” here April 5 with >100 attendees. (Accelerator & Detector)


VLHC and Superconducting magnet R&D

Fermilab has a special role in maintaining core strength in this area. HEPAP subpanel report said:

High-field magnet research is particularly important. An international collaboration should be formed as early as possible. We strongly support R&D toward such a machine at about the current level of

effort.

We are trying to follow those guidelines, but budgets make it difficult. With FY2002 budget and continuing budget pressure, we had to cut

back the low-field magnet program to an end and concentrate on high-field program.


Muon/Neutrino factory R&D

HEPAP Subpanel report said: We recommend continued R&D near the present level. The level of effort is well below what is required to make an aggressive attack

toward a neutrino factory.

International collaboration on the essential muon cooling experiment is very important.

With FY2002 budget, we had to cut the materials budget drastically. We are working with Muon Collaboration to sustain progress.


Experimental Astrophysics

The experimental astrophysics effort is well established. First-rate experiments: SloanDSS, Auger, CDMS, PRIME Important roles suited to Fermilab strengths Modest investment of DOE-Fermilab resources We are committed to the success of these experiments.

NRC Report “Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century” recommends NASA and DOE work together to construct a wide-field telescope in

space to probe the nature of dark energy (SNAP); recommend that a deep underground laboratory be built; the US ensure the timely completion and operation of Southern Auger; establishment of a DOE, NASA, NSF initiative on the Physics of the

Universe


Lattice QCD

Funded SciDAC proposal:

National Infrastructure for Lattice Gauge Computing R. Sugar PI 3 labs, many universities Most lattice gauge physicists in the US

Goals: Common software platform Three Terascale machines

– Fermilab, JLab commodity clusters

– Columbia/BNL QCDOC

80 Node prototype of Pentium III dual computers was completed here last year. in operation for physics With SciDAC money, bring it up to 256 nodes in FY02, 512 in FY03


Construction Projects

Wilson Hall Safety Improvements Project is done!

LHC (2005) US LHC Accelerator project US CMS

Neutrino Projects NuMI/MINOS (2005) MiniBooNE (2002)

Run 2b Upgrades (2005) Accelerator luminosity Detectors

Astrophysics Auger Cosmic Ray Experiment Cryogenic Dark Matter Search

The new project system for DOE projects has again increased the formality of oversight and the consequences of budget or schedule problems are more severe.

We are taking steps to do improve project management. Technical Review Committees for

major projects Accelerator Advisory Committee

for accelerator improvements A new Office of Project

Management led by Ed Temple that will conduct a cost, schedule, and management review before the DOE baselining review and subsequent Lehman reviews

New project accounting software


FY 2003 President’s Budget Request

There is a $30 M problem across all of HEP in FY 2003. The problem at Fermilab cannot be solved without more for HEP as a

whole.

FY2002

Actual ($M)

FY2003

PBR

02-03

Change (%)

Fermilab 286.3 288.7 +0.9

HEP 713.1 725.0 +1.7

DOE-Science

3,280.7 3,285.1 0


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The Large Funding Picture


What we need to do in FY 2003

Run II Keep improving luminosity, following the plan. Operate the collider and the experiments efficiently. Keep offline computing capable of handling data production. Make great progress on detector upgrades.

Neutrino program Keep NuMI/MINOS construction on the new schedule. Operate MiniBooNE efficiently.

LHC Keep US-LHC and US-CMS projects on schedule. Get ready for the physics program.

Accelerator R&D Make good progress, despite budget, on Linear Collider R&D. Keep other programs lean and productive.

BTeV & CKM Do R&D and engineering needed to be ready to start construction, with minimal

impact on other programs.


FY 2003 Budget Needs

We need $296.8 M in FY 2003.

This budget is based on the need to take advantage of the discovery potential of the upgraded collider complex, keep approved projects on schedule, and start to prepare for the future. This is less than the FY 2002 request we discussed a year ago.

The corresponding amount in the President’s budget request is $288.7

We would have to reduce effort by about 3%, while by far most work is committed to ongoing projects and operations. Run IIb detector upgrades require a substantial funding step.


Summary

We have great opportunities for discoveries ahead. Exploring a new mass region in Run II An excellent program in the fast-moving area of neutrinos Unique experiments in particle astrophysics First look at the TeV scale with LHC Best of class flavor physics with BTeV and CKMand Prospects for hosting an international linear collider

We are working hard on improving collider performance.

The funding for High Energy Physics, and more generally Physics as a whole, is not sufficient to take advantage of the great scientific opportunity.

The State of the Laboratory Michael Witherell Users’ Meeting June 10, 2002.

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Transcript of The State of the Laboratory Michael Witherell Users’ Meeting June 10, 2002.