Michael Pesin, PMP, P.E. Seattle City Light

April 24, 2014

The State of the Electrical Grid in Washington State

**Seattle City Light *National and Washington State Electrical Grid Today *Smart Grid *Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project *Selected Smart Grid Systems and Projects

*Seattle City Light is the 10th largest public electric utility in the United States.

*It has some of the lowest cost customer rates of any urban utility, providing reliable, renewable and environmentally responsible power to nearly 1 million Seattle area residents.

*City Light has been greenhouse gas neutral since 2005, the first electric utility in USA to achieve that distinction.

*Metered Customers - 400,000+

*Service Area Size - 131.3 sq. mi.

*7 Hydro Power Plants – 1,810 MW

*Annual power consumption – 9.7B kWh

Hydro 92.4% Wind 4.1% Other 3.5% Nuclear, Coal, Natural Gas, Biomass, Waste and Petroleum

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Initiative I-937 *The initiative requires large utilities to obtain 15% of their electricity from new renewable resources such as solar and wind (but excluding hydro) by 2020.

Communication/Security Architecture

**Support for smart grid became federal policy with passage of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007. The law, Title13, established budget and matching program to states, utilities and consumers to build smart grid capabilities.

*EISA directed the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to coordinate the development of smart grid standards.

*Smart grid received financial support with the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, which set aside $11 billion for the creation of a smart grid.

*Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project

Largest Smart Grid Demonstration Project in the Nation

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** Substantially increases smart grid asset installation in the

region by purchasing and installing smart grid technology * $178 Million project led by Battelle * Project participants include BPA ($10M), 11 utilities ($52M), 5

project-level vendors ($27M). DOE matched with $89M. * Over 60,000 metered customers directly affected * 112 MW of responsive resources (loads and generation)

engaged * Demonstrates coordination of smart grid assets locally and

across the region using innovative communication and control system * Hierarchical communication—from generation through

transmission and distribution, and then onward to the end users * Transactive control—innovative incentive signal that coordinates

smart grid resources to support regional needs for transmission, reliability, renewables, etc.

*Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project

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Utilities: Summary of Scope of Work

Back-u

p Gen

eratio

n

Battery

/ Storag

e

Deman

d Res

ponse

Distrib

uted G

enera

tion

Distrib

Auto/M

gmt

PHEV / EV

End-use

r Porta

ls

Diagnos

tics

AMI

Avista Utilities Includes microgrid, creating of educational opportunity at WSU, and a test of a full range of DR measures

Benton PUD Explore interoperability and install a web-based interface for improved data management

City of Ellensburg Test renewable (solar, wind) technologies, evaluate incentives for investing in comm. renewable energy park, involving CWU.

Flathead Electric Coop.

An evaluation of four levels of residential smart grid technologies in Libby and near Kallispell

Idaho Falls Power Includes microgrid and solar sites at local public schools

Lower Valley Energy Includes optimization of resources, reliablity improvements in extreme weather locations at sites in Western Wyoming

Milton-Freewater City Light & Power Includes outage reporting, voltage and frequency stability; dlc for

electric heat, hot water heater, cycling of a/c and city water pump

NorthWestern Energy Also, data management. Includes state capitol buildings complex in

Helena and remote rural areas near Phillipsburg

Peninsula Light Company Improve reliability and defer construction of underwater cable service to

island using direct load control and CVR

Portland General Electric Realize dynamically reconfigurable feeders with intentional islanding

and improve integration of intermittent resources

UW / Seattle City Light A utility/university collaboration to create a "smart microgrid" with

campus facilities mgt, administrators, faculty and students

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Aggregation of Power and Signals Occurs Through a Hierarchy of Interfaces Source: Lee Hall, BPA Presentation

*Transactive Control

A single, integrated, smart grid incentive signaling approach utilizing an economic signal as the primary basis for communicating the desire to change the operational state of responsive assets.

Transactive Incentive Signal (TIS) A representation of the actual delivered cost of electric energy at a specific system location (e.g., at a transactive node). Includes both the current value and a forecast of future values.

Transactive Feedback Signal (TFS) A representation of the net electric load at a specific system location (e.g., at a transactive node). Includes both the current value and a forecast of future values.

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Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration (FLISR)

Distribution Feeder Automation (DFA)

MOD MODMOD

MOD

MOD

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MOD MODMOD

MOD

MOD

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MOD MODMOD

MOD

MOD

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*• Dynamic Voltage Optimization/ Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) • Volt/VAR Control • Phase Load Balancing

Dynamic Voltage Optimization

*Dynamic Voltage Optimization is a method of conserving energy on the electric distribution system through the reduction of delivery voltage.

*Many customer loads consume less power at lower voltages.

*The Dynamic Voltage Optimization application takes advantage of real-time voltage measurements collected from AMI meters and/or sensors along feeder lines and controls the load tap changer at the substation and devices on a feeder.

*As a result, the average delivery voltage can be regulated to lower levels to enable energy, kW, and VAR savings.

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**1,000 Nissan LEAF cars

*2,500 Level 2 (220V) Chargers

*1,000 residential (L2)

~ 1,500 public/commercial (L2)

*~ 50 DC fast-chargers (L3)

EV Charging Station(EVSE)

PEV

Electric Power Grid

Virtual Power Plant ApplicationApplication that provides variable rate EV charging signal based on available

renewable generation and grid constraints

Input from the driver:

Requested time for EV to be fully

charged

Input from EV: Battery state of

charge

Conditioned input from renewable

energy sources: Available power

Input from Electric Utility:

Available grid transmission and

distribution capacity

Input from Electric Utility:

Time of Use (TOU)

Price Signal

Battery

Inverter

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Telematics

Internet Internet Communication Path

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**Microgrids are electricity distribution systems containing loads and distributed energy resources, (such as distributed generators, storage devices, or controllable loads) that can be operated in a controlled, coordinated way either while connected to the main power network or while islanded.

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PNNL: www.pnl.gov DOE OE: www.oe.energy.gov Smart grid: www.smartgrid.gov Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project: www.pnwsmartgrid.org BPA wind site: http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/WindPower/ Smart Grid Consumer Collaborative: http://smartgridcc.org/ The Northwest Power and Conservation Council . The State of the Columbia River Basin . Fiscal Year 2013 ANNUAL REPORT

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Michael Pesin michael.pesin@seattle.gov

Seattle City Light