The Standards Maze... by Keith Malcolm an update of earlier work by Max Pearce
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Transcript of The Standards Maze... by Keith Malcolm an update of earlier work by Max Pearce
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The Standards
Maze...
by Keith Malcolman update of earlier
work byMax Pearce
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Standard...
...something established by authority, custom or general consent as a model or example...
Source: Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary
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Standards...
....are known by different names including codes, specifications, Regulations and Recommendations.
....their purpose is to achieve the necessary or desired degree of uniformity in design, performance level, quality and safety to permit products and services to be beneficial for both providers and users.
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Scope of Standards...
Company Standards
National Standards
Regional Standards
World Standards
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The British Standard Whitworth thread...
The BSW thread is one of many standard threads used in industry
ISO-C, ISO-F, BSP-P, BSP-T, UNF, UNC, BSF, BA, NPS and NPT are all common alternative thread types
Metric nuts from Australia will fit metric bolts from Germany because they are manufactured to a common standard
Standards allow things to work together in harmony
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Minimum Requirements...
Standards are also used to set minimum levels of quality and performance and also to protect public safety
Some form of enforcement is necessary to ensure that minimum performance and quality standards are adopted by manufacturers and service providers...otherwise such standards are essentially useless
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The Standards Bodies... How many standards bodies
are there? How do they relate to one
another? How do they work?
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The International Bodies...
IEC(International Electrotechnical
Commission)
ISO(International Standards Organisation)
ITU(International Telecommunications
Union)
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The Regional Bodies...ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
AOW (Asia-Oceania Workshop on OSI)
CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation)
CENELEC (.... for Electrotechnology)
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
EWOS (European Workshop on Open Systems)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA))
OIW (OSI Implementers Group)
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The National Bodies...AFNOR (Association Francaise de Normalisation)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
BSI (British Standards Institute)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
DIN (Deutches Institut fur Normung)
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
JSA (Japan Standards Association)
SAA (Standards Association of Australia)
SANZ (Standards Association of New Zealand)
TTC (Telecommunications Technology Committee)
and there are more...
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Australian Standards Bodies...
Standards Australia National Standards
Commission Australian Communications
Authority Australian Broadcasting
Authority
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Standards Australia... SA is the trading name of the
Standards Association of Australia. It is a not-for profit organisation founded in 1922.
Standards Australia is recognised as the peak standards body in Australia through a MoU with the Commonwealth Government
SA prepares and distributes standards but has no power to enforce standards
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Standards Australia is administered by a Council consisting of representatives from...
Federal and State Governments Universities Manufacturing and Commercial
associations Professional institutions Consumer, community interest
groups and trade unions
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Standards are Prepared...
By Committeesworking under direction ofPolicy Boardsand organised intoTechnical Groupsincluding electrical and radiocommunications (TE
and RC) information and communications (IT)
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Steps to a Standard.... Request for a new standard Preliminary draft Committee Draft Draft for Public Comment Consideration of Comment Draft for Postal Ballot (by
committee) Published Standard
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Standards Process... An open consensus process requests for new standards
normally come from industry body, government department, regulatory agency or individual company
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Australian Standards are...
based on practical industrial and scientific experience and not ideas which would be uneconomic or unattainable
constantly revised in line with the latest knowledge and to keep pace with new technologies
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Australian Standards... are voluntary, unless
given effect by being taken up into regulatory framework
Standards Australia prepares standards
Regulatory Authorities give power to standards
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Standards Hierarchy...Standards may emerge from the “top down” to
meet a regulatory need from the “bottom up” to
exploit a new development or gain a competitive advantage
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International Aspects... IEC and ISO ITU traditionally deal with
standards as a “top down” activity to meet regulatory needs
international standards “flow down” to the national level
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International Standards...
a consensus approach nominally open and
participative follow a long and formalised
process need to be given effect by
being taken up as national standards
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Regional Standards bodies...
more focussed with specific mandates
market oriented through close regional coordination
may support or subvert national and international standards activities
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Regional Standards Bodies
are seen as... being more responsive than
international bodies providing a broader sphere
of influence than national bodies
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Emergent Forums... industry specific groups
DAVIC - industry based MPEG - IEC/ISO Joint Group ATM forum
single task rapid development of
standards industry led
market forces dominate
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Standards Forums... tend to be “bottom up”
sources often based on exploitation
of proprietary information can assist the standards
process by reconciling competing
claims consolidate industry, sector or
regional approaches
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Standards Forumsmay develop... New Standards
amalgam of competing standards New Framework for
Interworking of Competing Standards “accommodation” of competing
standards Information to Facilitate
Adoption and Use of Proprietary Standards
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Standards Forums... address
performance interworking and interfaces testing methods compliance assessment
base participation on active contribution must say something concrete to be
heard
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The Traditional Approach...
International Standards
NationalStandards
Regional Standards
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The Current Approach...?International
Standards
NationalStandards
RegionalStandards
ForumStandards
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A View of Communications Standards
ITU IEC/ISO
EBU/ABU ETSI CENELEC
SMPTE MPEG
ANSI IEEE SAA others