by the live organaccompaniment of localmusician Beth Michaels.

Donations collectedthroughout the year toward our continuingpreservation of the Generalnow total over $2,000.Thank you for helping uscelebrate the locomotivethat made Kennesawfamous!

December 2005

TheTelegraphNews & Events from the Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History

in Association with the Smithsonian Institution Vol. III, No. 4

TheTelegraph

The General Turns 150

Railroads and Photography, an exhibitfrom the Center for Railroad Photo-graphy and Art, opens January 21, 2006,tracing the history of railroading andphotography.

Only a few years separate thebeginning of U.S. railroading in 1827and the first photographic image — andthe iron horse soon became a favoritesubject. Railroads pioneered the field ofindustrial photography, first as a way torecord their locomotives and later topromote travel by rail. Beginning in the1930s, impressive photo books broughtnew attention to rail photography.Through the years, the tie betweenrailroading and photography hasremained strong, maintained byprofessionals, railroad companies, and skilled amateurs.

“Railroads andPhotography”Opens in January

The year-long celebration of the General’s 150th birthdayconcluded on November 5 with

the General’s Birthday Bash. More than250 visitors attended the festivities,playing party games, signing a bigbirthday card and enjoying ice creamand cake. That evening, some 50 peopleattended an evening showing of theBuster Keaton movie “The General” in the museum theatre. The timelesscomedy of Buster Keaton was enriched

The exhibit, subtitled 150 Years ofGreat Images, will remain open throughMay 21, 2006.

Members Only Sneak PreviewJanuary 20, 7–9 p.m. Call now to makeyour reservations: 770-427-2117 ext.100.

Hours The Southern Museum of Civil War

and Locomotive History is openMonday – Saturday 9:30 a.m. –

5:00 p.m., and on Sunday12:00 – 5:00 p.m. The Museum isclosed on New Year’s Day, Easter,

Thanksgiving and Christmas Days.

Don’t Forget! Renew YourMuseum Membership Yearly!

Call Membership Coordinator Cindy Dadyala at

770-427-2117, ext.104

As a member of our museum,I think that it is important foryou to know you are the heartand soul of our institution.There are very few decisionsmade at the museum thatdon’t begin with the question,“How will this affect ourmembers?” This relates tospecial exhibits, artifactacquisition, educationalactivities and community programs. It even helpsdrive the master planning of the museum. One ofthe most often-heard comments from our membersis that they “want more interactive exhibits” and“more activities for children.” With this is mind,the Kennesaw Museum Foundation launched acapital campaign to raise the necessary funds tomeet these needs, and I am pleased to tell you thata new education center will be constructed on themuseum campus in 2006. This much-anticipatedproject should be completed by fall 2006 and willprovide adults and children alike the opportunityfor interactive programming and exhibits. Look foradditional information in future newsletters.

We are always looking for ways to enhance thevalue of your membership, and this past year weincreased the number of events and special exhibitsheld at the museum. From our “All Aboard Days”to our summer history camps for children to the“Saving Stuff” program offered through theSmithsonian Institution and the “Picturing theCentury” exhibit from the National Archives, wehave tried to develop programs and events thatappeal to all of our members. This coming year,we will add even more programs, activities andspecial exhibits to our calendar of events. Iencourage you to participate and take advantage of the many programs offered at the museum.

Finally, if you have any ideas for programs,exhibits or events, send or e-mail them to us. Who knows: Your suggestion just might turn into a full blown exhibit or program.

Wishing you a healthy and happy 2006,

Jeff Drobney, Ph.D.

From the Executive Director

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At the eighth annual Heroes and Legends Gala on October 15 at the Cobb Galleria Center, the Museum and the KennesawMuseum Foundation honored Paul Chastain and James Bolan

“Bo” Glover IV as 2005 Heroes and Legends award recipients.Local “heroes” who contribute to the success of the Museum and

provide ongoing support to the Foundation are recognized annually atthe event. “Heroes and Legends” award recipients are selected becausethey are figures of strength and ability in the community and areadmired for their achievements and qualities.

Paul Crawley from 11 Alive emceed a black tie evening of casinotables, gourmet dining and a live auction for this Foundation fund-raising event, and thanks to sponsors like Cobb Energy/Cobb EMC, the Foundation raised more than $30,000 during the event.

Other benefactors, such as the Marietta Daily Journal and CSXRailroad, were sponsors as well. These companies invited Kennesaw’sfirst responders from the Police Department and citizen volunteers whoassisted in hurricane relief to recognize their efforts as local “heroes.”Other sponsors included Arcadis, Chastain & Associates, City ofKennesaw, Georgia Power, Global Employment Solutions, J.B. Trimble,Jim Glover — Harry Norman Realtors, and MacTec.

All proceeds raised at the Gala benefit the Kennesaw MuseumFoundation and support educational programs such as artifactacquisition, special events, special exhibits, educational outreachprograms and plans for a Museum expansion that include a neweducation building.

Chastain and GloverHonored as “Heroes and Legends”

Paul Chastain, President, Kennesaw Museum Foundation, Inc. and James Bolan (Bo)Glover IV were honored at the Gala in October.

The Curators’ Corner

Rare Railroad Link andPin Back From Restorer

By Senior Curator George Deeming

The Southern Museum of CivilWar and Locomotive History hasrecently had returned to its

collections a set of link and pin couplersfrom a volunteer restorer who specializesin the stopping of active rust and therestoration of iron pieces, especially dug relics. Henry Higgins, a long-timeemployee, is our part-time ticket officestaffer who, in his spare time, restoresiron artifacts in danger of rusting intoiron oxide waste. Mr. Higgins useselectrolysis and a hot wax process to

stop active rust and seal objects againstfurther oxidation.

Up until the late 1800s, mostrailroads used a coupler called the linkand pin coupler. It was a large metal linkthat looped around a removable pin oneach car and was easy to manufacture. Itwas also very dangerous.

Link and pin couplers were usedextensively throughout America beforethe turn of the century. Their purposewas to join train cars together, and theiroperation was what we would considereasy, but deceptively so. The engineerwould back the train up to the new carto be added, and the switchman wouldslide the pin through the removable linkand the permanently attached coupler.Though its operation was simple,working with this coupler was adangerous job for nineteenth centuryswitchmen, whose first mistake couldvery well be their last. Coupling between

each car was sloppy, and links routinelybroke when jerked too hard. Brokencouplers accounted for many trainwrecks. A brakeman had to step betweencars to insert or remove the pins.Hundreds of trainmen were crushed to death every year, and thousands more lost fingers or whole hands inaccidents while working between cars.

In 1888 alone, there were 518switchmen killed by this method of linking train cars. There wereundoubtedly many others who lostfingers, hands, or more.

If you can get a chance to examine anyrailroad workers’ magazinesor newspapers from theperiod of the late nineteenthcentury through the late1930s, then you will seequite a few advertisementsfor artificial hands, arms and legs, made available forrailroad workers who hadlost body parts in railroad-related accidents, many ofwhich involved couplingwith the link and pin system.

After such an accident where crushed or mangled arms or other body partswere replaced with artificial ones, manyrailroads felt obligated to re-employ the worker in other railroad capacitiessuch as office, switch tower, safetydepartment, signaling or the very low-paid position of crossing gate guard.

Link and pin couplers were used until the late 1800s.

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Railroads and Photography: 150 Years of Great ImagesDon’t miss this exciting exhibit fromthe Center for Railroad Photographyand Art, tracing the history ofrailroading and photography. January 21–May 21. See museumhours, page 1.

Homeschool DaysChildren of all ages who arehomeschooled can explore themuseum’s exhibits for a special rate. Reservations not required.(Please Note: Group tours are notavailable on Homeschool Days.) For more information contact the Education department at 770-427-2117 ext. 114.February 6, March 6, April 3 and May 8, 10 a.m.–4 p.m.

Evening With General—Special Members-Only EventTake advantage of this uniqueopportunity to celebrate thelocomotive that made Kennesawfamous. Museum members can have their photo taken next to the General and will have theopportunity to sit in the cab.Members will also receive a special 25% discount in the museum gift shop.February 25, 5–7 p.m.

Historical Society Lecture Series—More Than Petticoats:Remarkable GeorgiaLearn more about the unique women of Georgia with author Sara Martin. Visitors who would like to tour the museum before or after the lecture should enterthrough the front entrance.March 11, 2–3 p.m.

Historical Society LectureSeries—History of the CivilWar Locomotive GeneralChase the history of this stolenlocomotive with local historian Robert Jones. Those who would

Mark Your Calendar!

(continued on next page)

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By Director of Education Jennifer Legates

Education DepartmentBrings People to Museumand Museum to People

This fall the sights and sounds of history rang through thecorridors of the Southern

Museum. We hosted another wonderfulconcert of Civil War music by the 8thGeorgia Regimental Band, the frightfulsights of the Haunted Museum (part ofFolk Tales of the Rails), and the joyfulsounds of children during the General’s150th Birthday Bash. The sounds ofCivil War weapons rang throughoutKennesaw on December 10 as the 125thOhio encamped on the front lawn aspart of A Civil War Christmas, whilechildren and adults alike enjoyed a day of holiday festivities and made1860s-period Christmas ornaments.

If you’ve visited us on a weekday,you’ve heard the voices of area schoolchildren experiencing history firsthand.This school year, hundreds of areastudents have visited us, exploringgalleries on a scavenger hunt andexperiencing a Civil War weapon firingdemonstration. But did you know we

also visit schools as part of our outreachprograms? Outreach programs allowstudents to experience Life of the

Common Civil War Soldier or learnmore about 19th Century Photographyright in their own classroom. To learnmore about outreach programs, contactthe Education Office at 770-427-2117ext. 114.

like to tour the museum before or after the lecture should enterthrough the front entrance.April 8, 2–3 p.m.

Battle of KennesawListen to 19th century music andexperience the sights and sounds ofcamp life. At 2 p.m. each day, thethunderous noise of a Civil Warbattle will fill the air. Admission:Adults $5 (12 & up), Children $3(ages 4–11), 3 and under free.April 22, 10 a.m.–6 p.m.April 23, 12 noon–5 p.m.

Historical Society Lecture Series—The Federal Prison Camp atElmira, New YorkLocal historian Joe Bozeman tells the story of one of the worst prisoncamps where Confederate soldiersdied of rampant disease. Those who would like to tour the museumbefore or after the lecture shouldenter through the front entrance.May 13, 2–3 p.m.

All Aboard DaysChildren will be thrilled to rideminiature trains provided by theNorth Georgia Live Steamers.Activities include miniature trainrides, children’s railroad stories,model railroad displays, and more.Admission: $5 per person (4 & up),includes unlimited train rides.Special half-price museum admission with event hand stamp.May 20, 10 a.m.–5 p.m.May 21, 12 p.m.–5 p.m.

Mark Your Calendar, cont.

www.southernmuseum.org

The Southern Museum featurescollections of rare Civil War

weapons; uniforms and otherpersonal items; an exciting exhibitabout The Great Locomotive Chase,

including a short movie; and afull-scale replica of a locomotivefactory that helped rebuild the

South after the war.

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The weekend of May 14-15 provedto be an exciting time at theMuseum — the first-ever All

Aboard Days. Children were thrilled toclimb aboard miniature trains providedby the North Georgia Live Steamers andbounce on a Thomas the Tank moon-walk. Other activities included storiesabout trains for children, model railroaddisplays by the NTRRAK Model RailroadClub, steam-powered tractor demos bythe Cumming Antique Power Associa-tion, live bluegrass music by DucktownStation and Appalachian Highwayfeaturing Rickey Rakestraw.

Adults and children alike enjoyedhalf-price admission to the Museum for the day, where the hands-on exhibitRailroading in the Southeast was featured.This interactive exhibit featured a loco-motive simulator, a working telegraphmachine and a kids-only play area.

All Aboard Days And Other ActivitiesOffer Something for Everyone

Other recent activities included:Kennesaw Historical Society Lecture Series:Kennesaw History Walk, May 7. Localhistorian Robert Jones was the guide for a walking tour of historic Kennesaw.

Kennesaw Historical Society Lecture Series: Great Locomotive Chase Bus Tour, June 11. Participants retraced theexcitement of the Great LocomotiveChase on a bus tour following thehistoric route, including stops at KingstonStation, Tunnel Hill, Marietta HistoryMuseum, Cooper Iron Works, and theRinggold Depot.

So You Want to Be a Civil War Soldier?This June 15 children’s program let kids learn about the life of a soldier by experiencing it first-hand. Afterenlistment, “new recruits” found out about military equipment andexperienced the thrill of drilling like areal Civil War soldier. The day ended

with a bang with the firing of a CivilWar cannon.

The “Saving Stuff” workshop on June 21gave participants a chance to bringheirlooms to an interactive workshopon preservation by authors DonWilliams and Louisa Jaggar. Williamsand Jaggar explained what can causecollectibles to fall apart, answeredquestions, and signed their book, SavingStuff. The evening was sponsored by theSmithsonian Affiliations program.

Look forward to events such as these and many others in 2006!

by another railroad. The Marietta andNorth Georgia then altered the routefrom Blue Ridge northwest intoTennessee. At the same time, theKnoxville Southern was buildingsoutheast from Etowah, Tennessee,toward the Marietta and North Georgia.There was a two-hundred-foot differencein the elevations of the two railroads.

To alleviate this problem, a double switchback wasconstructed to bring therailroads together, and in 1890, the KnoxvilleSouthern was absorbedinto the Marietta andNorth Georgia.

Within a year,the railroad was inreceivership, due largely to the problems caused by the double switchback.J.B. Glover, superintendentof the railroad, wasappointed receiver. In

1896, the railroad was bought by Henry K. McHarg and others of NewYork and was reorganized as the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern Railroad.Glover was discharged in 1897. Thedouble switchback was replaced by theHiwassee Loop. The engineering marvelwas completed in 1898. The railroadsoon became know as the “Hook and

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By Assistant Archivist C. Pat Cates

Archives Researches Old Marietta and North Georgia

T he Archives Department iscurrently working on anotherrailroad-related project. The

Georgia Northeastern Railroad currentlyruns from Cobb County throughCherokee, Pickens, Gilmer and Fannincounties on track that was once part ofthe Marietta and North Georgia Railway.

In 1854, the EllijayRailroad Company waschartered to run fromMarietta to GilmerCounty. On December19, 1859, the name waschanged to Marietta,Canton and EllijayRailroad Company, andon October 24, 1870,the name was changedagain to the Mariettaand North GeorgiaRailroad Company.Construction of therailroad as a narrow-gauge line began in1874, and by 1886, trains were runningregularly through Blue Ridge and intoMurphy, N.C.

In 1877, the Marietta and NorthGeorgia Railway was chartered. Theultimate goal was Knoxville, Tennessee.The only route to Knoxville was the RedMountain Gap, and this was being used

Happenings

The Archives Departmentcontinues its work on thearchives of the Southern

Railway Historical Association,including the Annual Reports to theInterstate Commerce Commissionand Stockholders and the Presi-dential Files from 1894-1937. Theseimportant records are being cleanedand placed into archival folders.Because of the sheer number ofrecords, this will be an ongoingproject for many years. The SouthernRailway Historical Association held a work day in late November to work on these records, and thedepartment is also grateful to anumber of volunteers who have been lending a hand on this project.The photographic collection of the Southern Railway has beenorganized, and new photographs areadded as they are brought into theMuseum. Many researchers have beenduly impressed with the organizationof this collection and the ease inwhich it has helped their research.

Materials of the Glover MachineWorks continue to be processed.Recently, a group of newly donateddocuments from the late 1800s tothe early 1900s was assimilated intothe present collection. Included inthese latest materials were a numberof catalogs that were added to thecatalog collection. Several researcherswho have purchased old shop toolshave inquired about the catalogs inhope that the information containedwithin will be useful to them in therestoration of their machines.

The Archives Department alsoparticipated in the Georgia ArchivesWeek project with several interestingdisplays in the lobby of the Museumduring October.

We are continually on the lookout for new railroad and Civil Warprojects. If we can help you with your research needs or if you have a collection you would like to donate, please give us a call.

The depot at Canton, Ga., was along the line of the Marietta andNorth Georgia. —From the collection of Dick Hillman

The historic “Hook and Eye” was featured on this postcard.

(continued on back page)

Eye,” a name that it retains even today.In the early 1900s, the line became partof the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

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Carlile Florist & GiftsCommitted to offering only the finestfloral arrangements and gifts — backedwith service both friendly and prompt —Carlile has proudly served the Kennesawarea for more than 10 years. Your giftwill arrive beautifully presented andpersonalized with your message. Flowersmake the perfect gift for every occasion— and Carlile will help you make everyoccasion special.

Museum members receive a 20% discountoff giftware. 2731 Summers Street,Kennesaw, 800-317-8170www.carlileflorist.com

Eclectic LivingEclectic Living is an absolutely fabulousshop in downtown Kennesaw. If you’relooking for affordable and unique gifts,this is the place for handcrafted jewelryand watches, candles, pillows, gardenware, cards and more. It’s fun and funky.Eclectic Living: home of everything younever knew you had to have!

Museum members receive a 10% discount.2886 Cherokee Street, Kennesaw, 770-427-7557, www.eeliving.com

Summer’s Street RestaurantFine dining with a European flair is what you’ll find at Summer’s StreetRestaurant. With special touches andquality service, your dinning experiencewill be unsurpassed. Need privacy?

Whether it’s a wedding, shower, birthdayparty or an office function, Summer’sStreet Restaurant offers three privaterooms — a great choice for your nextevent. Open for lunch, dinner andSunday brunch.

Museum members receive a free dessertwith entrée. 689 Summers Street,Kennesaw, 770-792-2281www.summersstreet.cz

Neusha BeautyThe Persian word “neusha” means“someone can hear you through theheart” — and that kind of personalattention is exactly what you’ll find atNeusha’s Beauty Salon. With one-to-oneservice in a relaxing environment, you’llfind the friendly setting you’re lookingfor. Neusha specializes in hair design,color, and makeup artistry and is nowoffering massage therapy. Make anappointment today for your personalconsultation.

Museum members receive a 10% discountoff any service. 3059 Cherokee Street,Kennesaw, 770-427-8647

Fabulous Finds & Chic DesignsTruly a great find in downtownKennesaw! At Fabulous Finds, you’lldiscover home décor, unique furnishingsand antiques. Looking for clothing?Don’t miss the chic boutique room forclothing and accessories. You’ll also find

Support These Outstanding Merchants—and Save With Museum Discounts

Please Note: Museum members must show their Smithsonian Affiliate/Southern Museummembership card to receive merchant discounts.

Thanks to Our 2005Corporate MembersACS Water/Callaway Blue

Spring WaterAshton Staffing

Bank of North GeorgiaBellSouth Telecommunications

Bentley Bentley & BentleyCarceron System Group, LLC

Carl Black Buick/Pontiac/GMCChastain & Associates Inc.

CheckPoint MortgageCobb Energy Management

Elite Telcom ServicesGeorgia Power

Integrity Extinguishing Co. LLCMain Street Bank

North Metro Technical CollegeO’Neill CommunicationsPacesetter Steel Services

Phoenix Aviation Managers, Inc.Primrose School of

Kennesaw NorthStockwell Family Dentistry

VLR ConstructionVulcan Materials Company

great gift ideas for all occasions atFabulous Finds.

Museum members receive a 10% discount(excludes jewelry). 2905 Cherokee Street,Kennesaw, 770-419-7845

Significance for GloverThe historical significance of

this railroad to the Glover MachineWorks is paramount in any study ofthe industrialization of the Southfollowing the War Between the States.J.B. Glover’s plant did business withmany customers along the Mariettaand North Georgia. If the railroadhad gone bankrupt in 1891, it mayhave had a significant impact on the Glover Machine Works as well as a number of businesses along theline that were dependent on railtransportation. The files of the GloverMachine Works contain hundreds ofdocuments that relate to the Mariettaand North Georgia Railway. Usingthese documents as well as a numberof primary source materials locatedin libraries throughout the region,the staff will bring this chapter ofGeorgia history to life in a futurepublication.

P.O. Box 846 • Kennesaw, Georgia 30156770-427-2117 • Fax 770-421-8485

Please visit www.southernmuseum.orgfor more information on upcoming events.

NONPROFIT ORGUS POSTAGE

PAIDKENNESAW. GAPERMIT NO. 39

Coming Soon“Railroads and

Photography: 150 Years of Great Images”Opens January 21

From neckties to cookie jars to cook books, you’re sure to find the perfect gift for

holidays and other special occasionsfrom the extensive assortment ofunique items in the Museum store.Children of all ages love trains, andthey’ll get excited about our CivilWar soldiers, toy engines, puzzles,games, prints, movies, and more.And for a limited time, we havespecial-edition 150th AnniversaryGeneral coins in bronze and silver.Pick one up for your coin collectorwhile they last!

If you haven’t visited theMuseum store lately, come by andsee us. Our shelves are full ofwonderful souvenir and gift ideas.

We encourageyou to browse ourlarge selection ofbooks and periodmusic. The General andThe Texas: A Pictorial History of theAndrews Raid, April 12, 1862, by StanCohen and James G. Bogle, a perennialfavorite among visitors, offers anhistorical account of one of the mostfamous episodes of the Civil War.

As a Museum member, you’reentitled to receive a 10% discount on all Museum store purchases. Just be sure to show your membership card at the register.

By Retail ServicesManager Jane Pies

Visit the Museum Storefor Gifts Year-Round

Archives(continued from page 6)