The Solar System. Chapter 29 The Solar System Section 29.1 “Models of the Solar System”
The Solar System
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Transcript of The Solar System
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What is the Solar System?“The Players”
An Overview of the Solar SystemClassification
Size, density, & atmosphere Terrestrial – Earth like Giant (Jovian) – Jupiter like
Table 15.1 (p. 382)AU (Astronomical Unit) = 93 million milesInclination to eclipticPeriod of RotationPeriod of RevolutionMassRelationship of distance and revolution
The Solar System
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Mercury – “The Winged Messenger”Small planet
8th largestSeen as a “morning star” or “evening star”
Fig. 15.3 p. 382Heavily crateredVery very hot
825 degrees FVery very cold
-320 degrees FWeak gravitational pull (mass)
No atmosphereNo natural satellites (moons)
The Solar System: Terrestrial Planets
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Mercury
The Solar System
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Venus – The “Goddess of Beauty” Earth’s “sister planet” Evening & Morning star Brightest of all planets
A “blueish” color Thick dense atmosphere Phases
Day vs. Year Rotates – 243 days Revolves – 225 days
Tilt of axis (177 degrees) Rising & setting of the Sun (west to east) Retrograde rotation
High atmospheric pressure 100x that of Earth
1,070 lbs/sq. in. CO2 (97%) Massive “greenhouse effect” Rains sulfuric acid
The Solar System: Terrestrial Planets
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Venus
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Mars – The “God of War”Very Earth likeDistinct “reddish” colorInteresting features:
The plainsThe “channels”
Dried river bedsMartians and other good storiesSeasonal changes
Polar ice capsFrozen CO2
Olympus Mons volcano15 mi. high370 mi. wide
The size of Texas
The Solar System: Terrestrial Planets
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Atmosphere95% CO2
Phobos & Deimos (The Gods of Fear & Panic)Small in sizeIrregular in shape
The Solar System: Terrestrial Planets
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Mars
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Olympus Mons
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Phobos
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Demos
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Jupiter – King of the Gods By far the largest planet in the Solar System
318 x’s that of Earth 11x’s the diameter
Interesting features: Great Red Spot
25,000 mi dia. A Jovian storm
Colorful bands (Fig. 15.9) 39 satellites
Galilean Satellites Io
Erupting volcano Europa Callisto Ganymede
Atmosphere H & He
Ring structure
The Solar System: Jovian Planets
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Jupiter
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Moons of Jupiter
The Solar System
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Saturn – God of AgricultureVisible in the night sky
The planet with “ears”Interesting Features:
A system of rings (Fig. 15.12 p. 391)Pieces of frozen CO2, rock, etc.
2nd largest planet in the Solar SystemThe end of the “Ancient Planets”
The Solar System: JovianPlanets
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Saturn
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Saturn – Rings edge on
The Solar System
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The Solar System
Titan, Saturn's largest moon, looks small next to the gas giant in this Cassini spacecraft view. Titan (3,200 miles across) is in the upper right. (USA Today – 3/5/12)
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Uranus & NeptuneTwin planetsThe “Ice Giants”Atmosphere – H & He
Uranus – God of the SkyA bit of history
Discovered in 1781 William Hershel – a comet hunter
Neptune – God of the SeaA bit of history
Discovered in 1846 Adams & Leverrier Noticed variations in orbital path
The Solar System: Jovian Planets
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Uranus
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Neptune
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Pluto – God of the UnderworldDiscovered in 1930
American astronomer Clyde TombaughInteresting Features:
Moon discovered in 1978Charon
Named for the boatman who ferried dead souls across the river Styx
Very inclined orbit – 17 degrees
The Solar System: Lesser Members
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Asteroids, Meteors & CometsComets
Cosmic “ dirty snowballs”Highly eccentric orbits
Head or Coma & a tail Tail always points away from the Sun
Force of solar wind Between Mars & Jupiter sublimation begins
Years to complete 1 orbit Best known
Halley’s Comet 76 yr orbital period
Form in what is known as Oort’s Cloud 30 AU – 1 ly
Comets give birth to meteors (Shooting Stars)
The Solar System: Lesser Members
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Bayeux TapestryBattle of Hastings 1066 AD
The Solar System: Lesser Members
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AsteroidsKnow as the Asteroid Belt
Located between Mars & JupiterVary in size
Average ~ 30 mi.Meteoroids, Meteors, & Meteorites
Location, Location, LocationBy product of comets“Shooting Stars”
Meteor showersTable 15.5 p. 392Interact (friction) with upper layers of atmosphere and burn
up
The Solar System: Lesser Members
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The Solar System: Lesser Members
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Composition of MeteorsIronStoneIron-stone
The Solar System: Leser Members
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Bode’s Rule Number Planet T.D. (AU)
(0 + 4) / 10 0.4 Mercury .39(3 + 4) / 10 0.7 Venus .72(6 + 4) / 10 1.0 Earth 1.0(12 + 4) / 10 1.6 Mars 1.5(24 + 4) / 10 2.8 ????? 2.78(48 + 4) / 10 5.2 Jupiter 5.20(96 + 4) / 10 10.0 Saturn 9.58(192 + 4) / 10 19.6 Uranus 19.2(384 + 4) / 10 38.8 Neptune 30.1(768 + 4) / 10 77.2 Pluto 39.5
The Solar System: A Number Game
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Protoplanet Nebular Model5 billion years agoBorn out of the death of ancient stars
“cosmic dust” & debris begins to concentrate in a cloud-like (Nebula) environment
Concentrated mass begins to rotateCentral area gives birth to a new star (Sun)Cosmic debris begins to concentrate as
planets begin to take shape
The Solar System: It's Orgin