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--- THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Mekong Delta Water Management for Rural Development Project

(MDWM-RDP)

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Revised Final, 25 April 2011

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wb394321Typewritten TextE-2762 Vol.6 Rev

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wb394321Typewritten Text

.. ..'II"CONTENTS

Page .-IIIEXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................5

I. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................8 .." II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................8

2.1. 2.2.

Scope ofthe DNR Subproject Construction of Works ........

................................................. , .............. 8 ...............................................................9 .. III. ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND ................................................13

3.1 General Characteristics and Land Uses ................................................... 13 '" 3.2 Soil and Water Quality ....................................................................... 14 "'" 3.3 Pest Management and IPM Practices ......................................................14

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IV. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .....................17 ..

4.1 Summary of the Subproject Impacts ...................................................... 17

4.2 Safeguard Screening and Identification ofIssues ...................................... 17

4.3 Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures ................................. 18 ..'"

4.3.1 Social impacts and mitigation measures .....................................20

4.3.2 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures ......................... .20

4.4 Priority Actions to be considered in the CSEP .........................................24 III V. EMP-ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE SUBPROJECT......26

5.1 Actions to Mitigate Impacts during Construction .....................................26 :5.2 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program ...........................................27

5.3 Environmental Monitoring Program .....................................................32 ..5.3.1 Contractor performance monitoring ..........................................33

5.3.2 Ambient water quality monitoring ............................................34 ..

5.4 Consultation and Information Disclosure ................................................35 .. ...VI. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMNET ........................................35

6.1 Organization and Responsibilities ..........................................................35

II6.2 Monitoring and Reporting ............................................. " ................... .36

6.3 Work Plan, Schedule, and Budget ..........................................................36 III

List ofTables ~ Table 2.1 : Technical design criteria for works ................................................ 9 ..

Table 2.2: Summary ofconstruction quantity ................................................. 10

Table 3.1: Pesticides management in Bac Lieu Province .................................... 15 ., Table 3.2: IPM efficiency in pilot project in Bac Lieu Province ........................... 16 II Table 4.1: Results of safeguard screening ......................................................17

Table 4.2: Summary of potential negative impacts of the DNR subproject .............. 18

Table 4.3: Land acquisition and affected households ........................................20 I

Table 4.4: Summary of proposed mitigation measures ....................................20 Table 5.1: Water quality monitoring for the DNR subproject. ............................. .33

Table 5.2: Tentative cost for environment monitoring .......................................34 ~ .Table 6.1: Institutional responsibility for the DNR subproject ..............................36

Table 6.2: Summary ofkey environmental actions for the DNR subproject. ............ .37

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-List of Figures Figure 2.1: Location ofthe DNR Subproject ................................................... 11 -Figure 2.2: Model of Pontoon dam sluice ...................................................... 11

Figure 2.3: Locations of works in the DNR subproject ....................................... 12

Figure 3.3: Land use ofBac Lieu Province ..................................................... 13

Figure 5.1: Water quality locations for the DNR subproject area ...........................34

List of annexes:

-- Annex 1: Environmental Code ofPractices (ECOP) for the DNR Subproject ..........39

Annex 2: Procedures on Transport, Storage, and Uses ofPesticides .................... 57 Annex 3: GOV's Approval for the EIA Report of the DNR Subproject .................59

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Abbreviations

BOD

CPMU

CPO

DARD

DMDP

DONRE

DNR

EIA

ECOP

EMDP

EMP

ESMF

GOV

IPM

LEP

MARD

OP

PMF

PMUIO

PPC

PPMU

QCVN

RAP REA

RPF

TCVN

WB

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ..

Central Project Management Unit

Central Project Office of MARD ..

Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Dredge Material Disposal Plan

Department ofNatural Resources and Environment

Dong Nang Ren subproject

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Code of Practices

Ethnic Minority Development Plan ....Environment Management Plan Environment and Social Management Framework ., Government of Vietnam .. Integrated Pest Management ,Law on Environmental Protection .. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Operation Policy of World Bank

Pest Management Framework

Project Management Unit Number lOin Can Tho (Belongs to MARD)

Provincial People's Committee

Provincial Project Management Unit

National Technical Regulations

Resettlement Action Plan

Regional Environment Assessment

Resettlement Policy Framework

National Environmental Standards ..'" World Bank ,..

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background: The Dong Nang Ren (DNR) subproject is located in the Southeastern part of Bac Lieu province and the area is bordered by the national highway lA in the West, Soc Trang province in the North, the village road six in the East, and Bac Lieu canal in the South. The subproject area is 10,159 hectares (ha) (96,076 people) of which 8,583 ha is used for agriculture production, comprising 7,158 ha of special rice cultivation for the SummerAutumn crop (from May I5-June 5) and Monsoon crop (October 1 to 30) while the rest is for other crops and aquaculture.

Description: The subproject aims to improve effectiveness of water supply for agriculture production and flood control/drainage facilities as well as to improve rural road transport connection by dredging and dyking of existing primary and secondary canals, construction of 6 sluices, 1 culvert, and 7 bridges. The subproject activities wiII be carried out over a 3 year period (2011-2014) and main activities will include:

Dredging of 9.7 kilometers (km) of primary Nang Ren canal and 40.8 km of Thang Long-Gia Hoi canal and other canals; about 1.4 million cubic meter (m3) of dredge materials will be excavated of which most of them will be used for upgrading of existing dykes to the height of2 meters (m) and 6.5 m wide.

New sluice technology will be used for all the six sluices; and

All the new bridges wiII be built not more than 5 m wide and 8 ton load.

impacts and mitigations: Overall impacts will be positive and potential negative impacts could be mitigated. Main potential negative impacts would be due to (a) land acquisition, (b) site clearance and construction activities, (c) disposal of dredge materials, (d) potential increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and (e) potential conflict in land/water uses during sluice operation.

An initial survey suggested that about 171,653 m2 of land (60% is agriculture land) will be permanently required and 89,908 m2 of land (88% is agriculture land) will be temporary required; and about 867 households will be affected of which 124 households are ethnic minority (Khmer). The affected population will be compensated in line with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the Ethnic Minority Policy Framework (EMPF) and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) have been prepared for the subproject. Although about 23 individual graves will be affected, relocation of individual graves is not uncommon and there are standard procedures acceptable to local people have been established including those for ethnic minorities. These procedures have been included in the RPF. These measures are presented separately.

Potential negative impacts during site clearance and construction would be mainly due to (a) dredging and dyking, including disposal of dredge materials and (b) conventional impacts during site clearance and construction (air/water pollution, noise, vibration, local traffic, etc.) and they are localized, temporary, and could be mitigated through the application of Environmental Code of Practice (ECOP) Parts A and B and close consultation with local authorities and communities, and supervision of field engineer. It is estimated that about 1.4 million m3 1 (per updated Feasibility Study) will be excavated for the whole subproject

I The volume ofthe dredged materials is estimated as 'wet volume', the volume in the water bodies. When it is dried out, the volume would be reduced by 20-25 percent.

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however, most of the spoil will be used for rehabilitation and/or upgrading of existing dykes and transportation could be managed. Soil analysis in the subproject area suggested that contamination of bottom sediment with acid sulphate soil and heavy metals and pesticides is unlikely. However, preliminary assessment of water and sediment will be conducted during detailed design as part of the preparation of the Dredge Materials Disposal Plan (DMDP) ..'" describing location and design of dredge materials disposal; and the contractor will be required to take careful actions during dredging. During construction the contractor will be required to prepare Contract Specific Environmental Plan (CSEP) describing measures to achieve the objectives described in the ECOP of the subproject. The subproject ECOP will be included (as an annex) to the bidding and contract documents. .." There will be no major impacts from the construction of bridges, culvert, and Pontoon sluices. The bridges are mainly for connecting the existing roads along the two sides of existing secondary canals. These bridges would not attract major traffic since it will be built within existing irrigation area. Potential negative impacts during construction could be mitigated through the application of ECOP Parts A and B. Operation of sluices will be planned and managed in close consultation with water users to avoid potential land/water use conflicts. Water quality monitoring will be carried out during construction as well as operation of "sluices. Potential increase in use of pesticides and fertilizers during operation will be mitigated through the planning and implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for the subproject and a draft IPM program has been prepared in line with the Pest Management Framework (PMF). The IPM program for the subproject aims to reduce the use of pesticides (50%) and fertilizer (10%) and enhance effectiveness of the IPM approach. However, given the complex nature of pest management and the need to secure understanding ,and commitment of stakeholders the detailed activities and work plan will be finalized in close consultation with the local agencies, farmers, and stakeholders. The DNR subproject area is exclusively agriculture (more than 90 percent) and the rest is for ..the aquaculture. The dredging would take place exclusively in the existing canals. There are no natural habitats and there are no major captured fisheries or aquaculture within the canals within the DNR subproject. l1li

., III The EMP: During the implementation of the subproject, the following mitigation measures will be carried out in close consultation with local authority and communities, especially the affected households: Iii

(1) Effective and timely implementation of RAP and EMDP; filii (2) Effective implementation of the measures to mitigate the impacts during site .. clearance and construction, including preparation of DMDP during detailed design

and close supervision of contractor performance;

(3) Effective planning and implementation of the IPM program; and (4) Effective planning and implementation of water quality monitoring program

Responsibility: The Bac Lieu Provincial Project Management Unit (PPMU) will be responsible for ensuring effective implementation of the EMP for the DNR subproject, including reporting the implementation progress and safeguard performance of contractors. The PPMU will set up an Environment and Social Safeguard Unit (ESU), headed by a senior staff, responsible for forging effective implementation of safeguard measures for the subproject including incorporating appropriate ECOP in the bidding and contract documents and ensuring that the bidders are aware of this commitment. The PPMU will work closely

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-with the local authorities, local agencies, and local communities to forge effective implementation of the measures. The PPMU will also hire a group of national consultants to - assist in the coordination and/or implementation of safeguard activities. Implementation of the IPM activities will be carried out by Bac Lieu Provincial Plant - Protection Division (PPPD) under the policy and technical guidance from the Regional Plant Protection Department (RPPD) in Ho Chi Minh City and with assistance from a team of national consultants. The Provincial Project Management Unit (PPMU) will be responsible for undertaking procurement and allocation of budget. The final plan will be approved by the - Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) to be established in Can Tho and the World Bank. The Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) will be responsible for overall supervision -

.. - and monitoring the implementation progress of the subproject including safeguards, including provide safeguard training to the PPMU staff engaged in the safeguard implementation . Budget:-.. Cost for implementation ofRAP will be financed by the Government;

- Cost for implementation of mitigation measures during construction, including consultation with local communities and water users, water quality monitoring, sediment analysis, and compensation to damage (if any) will be part of the subproject construction cost; - Cost for supervision of contractor performance will be part of the subproject supervision cost;

Budget for safeguard training of staff will be part of the subproject management; A budget for the IPM for the DNR subproject is estimated to be about $0.3 million

and it is part of the overall IPM program (up to $3 million) and is subject to change depending on the final agreement with the farmers and discussion with CPMU.

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I. INTRODUCTION .. The development objective of the Dong Nang Ren (DNR) subproject is to protect and enhance the utilization of water resources and to prevent salinity intrusion in the subproject area. The activities will be implemented in a 3 years period (2011-2014). The subproject will involve civil works such as dredging and dyking of existing canals and construction of r sluices, and bridges that could create negative impacts on local environment and communities. Safeguard screening (see Table 4.1) and field visit suggested that the subproject will not I involve natural habitats, but may involve ethnic minorities and create negative impacts due to land acquisition, relocation of individual graves, possible contamination of sediments, increase pesticide uses, UXO, and other impacts due to dredging, dyking, and construction of sluices and bridges. The subproject therefore triggers five WB safeguard policies: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01); Pest Management (OP 4.09); Indigenous Peoples (OP ,.4.10); Physical Cultural Resources (OP4.11), and Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). Given that the activities will be carried out exclusively in the existing irrigation area and no major irreversible impacts are anticipated, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the DNR subproject has been prepared in line with the policy guidelines provided in the Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The EMP (this report) briefly summarizes the subproject description, the environmental background, the potential negative impacts, the proposed mitigation measures to be carried out during preconstruction, : construction, and operation phases, and the implementation arrangement. The EMP also describes the Environmental Code of Practice (ECOP) to be included in the construction contracts as well as outlines the scope of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and water quality monitoring for the subproject. The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) ofthe DNR subproject have been prepared and they are presented separately.

The Government (GOV)'s regulation requires submission and approval of an EIA report for the DNR subproject. The ElA was prepared and approved by the Bac Lieu People's Committee through the Decision No 306/QD-UBND dated February 12,2010 (see Annex 3 for an unofficial translation of the approval). .,

iii II. SUBPROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1. Scope of the DNR Subproject II Main objectives of the DNR subproject are to:

Control saline intrusion for 10,159 hectares (ha) of natural land; Increase fresh water to irrigate 7,091 ha of farm land for 2 rice crops and 1 upland crop, with 444 ha of vegetables and 1,048 ha of fruit trees; Strengthen local drainage capacity for an area of over 500 ha near the vicinity of Soc Trang province; and Improve connectivity of road and waterway transport systems within the subproject area.

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The DNR subproject area is located in the Eastern part of National highway IA in Vinh Loi district, is a part of Ward 7 - Bac Lieu town, and is bordered by the East village road 6 of Vinh Loi district, the West with National highway I A, the South with Bac Lieu channel, and the North with Soc Trang province (Thanh Tri and My Xuyen district).

Scope of works includes: (a) Reinforce 9.7 km ofNang Ren dyke; (b) Dredging of 5 existing canals (Ranh, Hai Hau, Ba Tinh, Hai Thang, Thanh Long - Gia Hoi) totaling 40.8 krn; (c) Construction of 6 secondary sluices (5 m wide); and (d) Construction of 6 rural bridges (4 m wide), including a management building (36 m2).

2.2. Construction of Works

Below summarizes methodology, quantity, and size of the civil works to be carried out under the subproject.

Sluices: Open sluices (Pontoon type) will be made of reinforced concrete, with the upstream and downstream sections reinforced with stone mattress and gabion. There are reinforced concrete vehicle bridges constructed over the sluices. The foundations of sluice trunks are treated with reinforced concrete piles or melaleuca piles depending on the foundation soil and sluice size. Quantity and dimension of the piles will be officially defined after driving test at site. Sluices will apply types of gate such as plane gate, mechanically opened and closed, inverted Clape gate, mechanically or automatically opened and closed, Miter automatic gate, one-way or two-way operated depending on the operation functions and requirements of each sluice. These gates are made of galvanized steel, stainless steel, etc.

Culverts: the trunk ofculvert is to be made of reinforced concrete, with plane or Clape gate made of stainless steel.

Dykes: this will be filled with earth, sand core, upper surface hardened with,asphalt.

Bridges: beams and abutments made of reinforced concrete, load of 8 tons, foundation treated with reinforced concrete piles. Quantity and dimension of the piles will be officially defined after driving test at site .

Table 2.1: Technical design criteria for works (Source: HEC 2, 2010)

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2 3 4 5

Qyke Extension Nang Ren dyke Primary & secondary canals Ranh canal Hai H,u canal Ba Tinh canal Hai Thing canal Th.Long-Ba HQi canal

L(km)

9.735 Lk(km)

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4.51

4.044 4.227 20.558

Bm(m) Zdim) 6.5 +2.0

bk(m} Zdk(m) 6-10 -2.5

6 -2.5 6 -2.5 6 -2.5 6 -2.5

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6 ThOng Luu-Ha Duc canal 5.728 6 -2.5

7 LQ Chdt DfIt canal 8.327 6 -2.5

8 Nang RSn canal 8.872 6 -2.5

9 Thong Luu canal 8.461 6 -2.5

Total 75.025

III Pontoon Sluices- 5 units Bc(m) Z.t(m) Gate 1 Hai H~u . 5 -2.5 Clape

2 BaTinh 5 -2.5 Clape

3 Hai Th~g 5 -2.5 Clape 4 Sau Sach 5 -2.5 Clape

5 Ba ThUy 5 -2.5 Clape

6 Th~Long 5 -2.5 Clape

IV Culvert - 1 unit 1 1 B.Mi~u Bao LOn DIOO -1.5 Plane

V Bridees Lbrid~e(m) Bbrid~e(m) Load 1 Nang RSn2 36 5 H8-X30 2 quKhuong 36 5 H8-X30

3 Hai H~u 36 5 H8-X30

4 Ba Tinh 36 5 H8-X30

5 Hai Th~g 36 5 H8-X30 6 Sau Sach 36 5 H8-X30

7 M~cDay 36 5 H8-X30

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Table 2.2: Summary of construction quantities (source: FS main report, 2011)

No Item Unit Dong Nang Ren

Subproject 1 Excavated soil m 3 1,427,486

2 Earth fill m3 181,385

3 Masonry m 3 146,201

4 Sand m3 56,362

5 Concrete m 3 2,880

6 Steel T 356

7 Land for construction ha 24.68

8 Temporary land loss ha 13.36

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- Figure 2.1 Location of the DNR Subproject

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lOCATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS

Dong Nang Ren Subproject area

Figure 2.2: Model of Pontoon dam sluice

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Figure 2.3: Construction works in the DNR Subproject

A DONG NANG REN PROJECT'/T1NH S6CTRANG

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.$$-~'~:~/~~~'-' -~ /' BilTiM

SOC TRANG

Legends

IT"~'1CJ Project Boundaries [][] F..xisting Sluice f-~d

[i] Ex.:pt:;cted SJuie: E::::3 t, """\ Ex!",cred Dr"dg~ Canal ::=:::::: Ea Existing Canal

ExP

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-.. - III. ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND This section provides a summary of key background of the subproject. Key data on soil and -

water quality is provided in more details in the EIA report of the subproject which will be made available for public access with an English summary. Water quality and sediment analysis were also conducted in January 2011 as part of the Regional Environmental Assessment (REA) preparation and this report is also available for public access.

3.1 General Characteristics and Land Use

DNR subproject area is divided by an intricate canal system. Main canals in the subproject area are Lo Chat Dot canal, Cai Day canal - Nha Tho, Thong Luu canal while there are many small natural and irrigation canals which are formed in the process of land exploitation. Agriculture is the major land use (see Figure 3.1). There is no natural habitat within the DNR subproject area.

Figure 3.1: Land use ofBac Lieu province -------------.. Agricultural crop

Aquaculture crop - 'Icl Other crops (sugar cane) - ---

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..II'Flow regime in the DNR subproject area is complex and mainly influenced by the East Sea tide which flows into the existing canals in several different directions. The East Sea tide is a semi-daily tide with high tide amplitude. In a month, there are 2 times of high water and 2 times of low water. High water occurs after the full moon or new moon 3 to 4 days. Low water period is between two high water periods. Given that the area is naturally connected to the East Sea through the Bac Lieu - Ca Mau canal when the East Sea tide changes, the tide in the area will be changed later than the East Sea's tide. In some channels whose sluices/dams are available, effect of the tidal regime will not be significant.

III 3.2 Soil and Water Quality

Soil: According to the EIA report of the DNR subproject, the soil in the subproject

area mainly comprises the following soil groups (i) Saline soils: over 45%; (ii) Alkaline soils: approximately 25% and (iii) Alluvial: 30%. ..

Surface water: In general, surface water quality around the subproject area in terms of .. total suspended solid (TSS), ammonia, nitrate, total iron, and coliform exceeded .. national standards at some sampling locations such as Cau Sap Canal, Cai Day Bridge and Hung Thanh Sluice. Water quality within the subproject areain terms of pH, salinity, DO, nitrate, and TSS are within the standards while the following parameters :exceeded the standards: chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, phosphorus, and

coliform bacteria. This suggests that surface water has signs of organic and microbial

contamination. :

Groundwater: Bac Lieu province's groundwater is abundant in reserves. Overall, the

quality of shallow groundwater in the area is good, however, there are some ..parameters exceed national standards therefore appropriate water treatment will be

necessary to ensure safety for human consumption. In the Bac Lieu, there are some

centralized water supply stations in some towns and villages. However, in some

remote areas where water supply stations are not available most people drilled wells

for their consumption uses. Water quality analysis shows that groundwater quality in

the DNR subproject area is good except for coliform bacteria which exceed the

national standard up to 14 to 31 times.

3.3 Pest Management and IPM Practices

(a) Agriculture practices:

A total agriculture area in Bac Lieu province is 83,393 ha of which 161,603 ha is cultivated. Below list type ofrice seed used in the area:

! In Winter-Spring crop (44,631 hay: OM 2517 (11.13%), OM 2717 (6.58%), OM 1490

(11.46%), OM 4498 (0.76%), VND 95-20 (1.27%), Jasmine (0.91%), OM 3242 ..(4.53%), IR 50404 (2.53%),OM4218 (3.54 %), OM 6073 (5.1%), OM 6377 (2.37%), ..OM 5472 (4.52%), OM 2514 (5,69%), OM 5900 (2.99%). In DNR subproject, there's

no cultivation in this crop .. ..

In Summer-Autumn crop (55,634 ha), of which the 7,158 ha DNR Subproject cultivate

from May 15 to June 5 with OM2517-16.73%; OM 6677-0.54% , OM 6377-4.37% ,

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http:6377-4.37http:6677-0.54http:OM2517-16.73

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- OM 5472- 0.18%, OM 4218 - 10.56%, OM 5900 - 1.29%, OM4900 - 8.92%, OM 2514 -7.86%, OM576 - 8.88%, OM6162 - 6.08%;

- In Monsoon crop 57,283 ha - 65,500ha: OM2717, VND95-20, OM 3242, OM 6162, OM4900, OM2395, OM6377, OM1490, B-TE1, AS996, OM2517, OM576 with of

each 5,2%; Specific rice seed 17.8% ,Ired brush seed OM2718, OM2517, OM6677 (38.5%), of which the 7,158 ha DNR cultivate from October 1 to 30 mainly specific - rice seed.

(b) Pest problems andpesticide uses: See Table 3.1

Table 3.1: Pesticides management in Bac Lieu Province, 2010

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IDisease I Dosage iTotal area affected (ha) i Types ofpesticides (L,kglha) I

.- Winter- I Summer- Autumn- Buprofezin, Fenobucarb, Spring: I Autumn: Winter: Chlorpyrifos Ethyl + i 155,955 192,181 42,106 Cypenrmethrin, Chlorfluazuron + 0.3-2 185,945 281,205 95,005 Fipronil, Abamectin, Fipronil,

Imidacloprid. Brown rice 46,300 62,370

I 21,970 Buprofezin, Fenobucarb, 0.3-2

backed Chlorpyrifos Ethyl + hoppers

I Cypenrmethrin, Chlorfluazuron + Fipronil, Abamectin,

i Imidacloprid. Rice leaf I 15,230 23,486 3,355 Chlorpyrifos Ethyl + 0.2-0.5 folder i Cypenrmethrin, Chlorfluazuron +

I Fipronil, Abamectin, Imidacloprid, Daisies Herbal

I Rice thrips, 10,018 2,320 Fipronil, Daisies Herbal 0.3-0.7 i Chlorpyrifos Ethyl . Rice leaf 24,365 35,131 18,110 TricycJazole 0.3-1

blast disease Rice blast 11,275 25,670 175 Tricyc1azole 0.3-1 disease OPV disease 26,290 34,160 Metaldehyde, Saponin 0.3-15

Chay bia hi 18.477 22,544 5,850 Kasumin 0.5-1

- B~nhkho 17,105 39,935 i 3,170 Validamycin 0.3-1.5 . v~n

- Kho dau hi 10,400 Propiconazole 0.3

flat seed 10,370 Propiconazo\e 0.3

Total (tons) 363,296 I

390,141 I 323,269 i

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(c) IPMpractices:

Community IPM: Bac Lieu province has participated in many Community IPM activities at district and commune level, therefore, the agricultural production activities have been

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..III improved. On-field training was conducted at some pilot sites and some technical training

courses were conducted to enhance communities' knowledge and skills on agricultural production- in an environmentally sustainable way. The province would like to expand these activities to other areas however limited financial resources has delay the implementation, Below summarizes the results of rice production applying IPM practices compared to traditional practice in Bac Lieu. The quantity of seed was reduced by 40.5 kglha; fertilizers reduction was 33kglha; pesticides reduction was 2.4 time/crop. IPM practice could also reduce production cost of about 2,301,000VND/ ha (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2: IPM efficiency in pilot project in Bac Lieu Province, 2010

IT Criteria Unit Rice cultivation with IPM

Rice cultivation without IPM (FP)

1 Seed (kg/ha) 148.5 189.0 2 Fertilizer (kg/ha) 303.0 340.0

N (kg/ha) 132.0 165.0 P (kg/ha) 100.0 100.0 K (kg/ha) 71.0 75.0 SeperN (kg/ha) 0.0 0.0

3 Pesticides (time/crop) 3.6 6.0 For Brown nce backed hoppers

(time/crop) 1.1 2.5

For disease (time/crop) 1.5 2.5 For weeds - (time/crop) 1.0 1.0

4 Cost for Pesticides VND/ha 2,592,000 3,202,000 5 Cost for Fertilizer VND/ha 2,707,000 2,944,000 6 Average yield (kg/ha) 5,500 5,300 7 Total revenue VND/ha 33,000,000 31,800,000 8 Total payment VND/ha 14,640,000 15,741,000 9 Interest VND/ha 18,360,000 16,059,000 10 Balance between IPM and

onIPM VND/ha 2,301,000

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--.. IV. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1. Summary of the Impacts

Positive: Implementation of the subproject will improve effectiveness of existing flood/drainage control facilities, ensure timely provision of water supply for 2-3 rice crops per year, and --

improve local transport connectivity and employment opportunity. The subproject will benefit agriculture area of 8,583 ha (96,076 people) and flood control and other benefit to the

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subproject area (10,159 ha). Implementation of the IPM program and water quality monitoring in close cooperation with sluice operators would reduce potential conflict in water uses between upstream and downstream water users.

Negative: However, the construction and implementation of the subproject will have some negative effects on the local environment mostly in short-term. Key potential negative impacts will be mainly due to (a) construction activities such as disposal of dredge materials, an increase in air and water pollution, noise and vibration, waste generation, etc. and (b) potential increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides and potential impacts on water quality due to sluice operation. An assessment of the potential impacts on biological resources, air quality, soil and water quality, socioeconomic, etc. was conducted during the preparation ofthe EIA report for the DNR subproject. Measures to mitigate these impacts have been considered during the preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the preparation of the EMP for the DNR subproject. Below describes the results of the safeguard screening and impacts assessment of the DNR subproject in line with the ESMF.

4.2. Safeguard Screening and Identification of Issues

(a) Initial Screening (Step 1 ofESMF):

To avoid adverse social and environmental impacts which cannot be adequately mitigated by ---

the Project, the initial screening was carried out to identifY the subprojects activities that may cause serious environmental and social impacts which could not be easily mitigated with the Project's current set of safeguard instruments and/or equivalent to the Category A subproject

- as described in World Bank safeguard guidelines. In the process of initial screening, the following aspects were considered;

Possible substantial adverse impacts on ethnic minorities, and the proposed mitigation measures are not acceptable to affected population; Possible loss or damage to cultural property, including sites having archeological

(prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, cultural and unique natural values.

These include graveyards;

Possible impacts on the natural habitats and/or protected areas;

Possible increase in the use of pesticides and other agrochemicals;

Possible impacts on the current water regimes, particularly water flow, water quality, ..

-and salinity; Possible existence ofthe UXOs (unexploded objects); and Possible impacts on the traffic volume increase.

The potential negative impacts on local environment of the DNR subproject could be

- mitigated through the safeguard instrument developed for the project. .. - 17

(b) Identification o/Issues

A technical screening was conducted in line with the safeguard issues identified in the ESMF (Table 5.1 of the ESMF) and the results are shown in Table 4.1 below.

Table 4.1 Results of safeguard screening for the DNR subproject

Safeguard issues likely to be involved

Safeguard document prepared Remarks

(I); (2); (3); (5) (6); (7); (8); (9) EMP, RAP, EMDP The sUbproject does not involve any natural habitats

!

Notes: (I) Permanent or temporary loss of land; (2) Involve ethnic minorities; (3) Involve cultural property; (4) involve natural habitats; (5) possible contamination of dredge materials; (6) Increase pesticide use; (7) UXO; (8) Dredging, dyking, and/or construction of sluices; (9) Construction of bridges or water supply.

4.3 Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Data collection and field surveys were carried out including consultation with local communities and affected population. Table 4.2 summarizes nature and extent of the potential negative impacts of the subproject. The assessment was made in line with the guideline provided in the ESMF taken into account the results of the EIA study and field visits/surveys as well as discussion with local officials and key stakeholders. Key social and environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures are described in Section 4.3.1 and 4.3.2 and are summarized in Tables 4.3 and 4.4. Section 4.4 highlights priority actions that should be considered by PPMU/Contractor during the preparation of the Contract Specific Environmental Plan (CSEP). These actions were developed to reflect key concerns expressed by local authorities and communities during consultation.

Table 4.2: Summary of potential negative impacts ofthe DNR subproject

Key Activities Potential negative impact Impact level 1. Pre-construction Phase

1.1 Land acquisition and resettlement of local residents

Loss of productive land and/or residential land/assets that may cause adverse impacts on livelihoods and well being ofproject affected population (PAPs); About 279,000 ha ofland will be acquired (63% permanent) and 867 households will be affected ofwhich 124 households are Kmer ethnic.

Significant, long term, unavoidable

1.2 Site investigation, clearance, and preparation

Generation of waste, dust, noise, vibration, water pollution, social issues, etc.

Increase safety risk to local residents and create potential conflict between workers and local people;

Medium, short term, unavoidable, controllable

2. Construction Phase Generation of large amount ofdredge spoils and excavated materials that need appropriate disposal and

Significant, short term

18

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Key Activities

2.1 Dredging (nearly 41 km), dyking (nearly 10 km), sluice construction (6)

2.2 Transportation ofconstruction materials (sand, soil, rocks, gravel, cements, etc.) and disposal of dredge spoil, excavated material, contaminated soil,

I construction waste, etc.

I

2.3 Construction

activities and

operation of

construction

equipment and

machinery and

2.4 Activities of construction workers, including work camp

3. Operation phase 3.1 Increase availability of water supply which will increase agricultural production 3.2 Sluice operation and maintenance

Impact level management. About 1.4 million m3 is estimated for the

Potential negative impact unavoidable,

subproject and most of them will be used for upgrading controllable the existing dyke.

i Air and noise pollution, vibration, and traffic (road and

waterways) congestion due to transportation, loading and

unloading of construction materials, and other

construction activities. Bad odor of dredge spoil could be expected due to the release of hydrogen sulfide in the bottom sediment. Water pollution due to high level of suspended solid, low dissolve oxygen (00), high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), decrease in pH due to leachate of acid sulphate soil, and/or possible contamination with other pollutants. Generate solid and toxic waste (used oil and grease from equipment maintenance), especially those related to construction waste. Increase safety risk, dust, noise, vibration, and other nuisance to local residents i Dust and other air pollution caused by trucks, barges,

vehicles, and loading and unloading activities

Noise and vibration due to transportation and loading and

unloading activities Significant,Water pollution caused by accidental spills of sludge and short term,runoff water contained oil and grease. unavoidable,

controllable Increase safety risk (roads and water ways), dust, noise, vibration, and other nuisance to local residents

Air pollution due to fugitive dust and exhausted gases

from trucks

. Noise and vibration caused by vehicles, construction i Medium, short

Water pollution due to wastewater, solid waste, etc

machinery, etc.

term,

Obstruction on traffic system due to increasing traffic unavoidable,

flow and narrow the existing road controllable Waste oil from maintenance process, toxic and solid wastes, wastewater Increase safety risk, dust, noise, vibration, and other nuisance to local residents Generation ofsolid and liquid wastes

Medium, short Competing use oflocal resources (fishing, hunting, etc.) term,

Conflicts between workers and workers and workers and unavoidable,local people controllableHealth and safety issues

Medium,Increase the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and other agro unavoidable,chemicals controllable

Change water quality such that it may affect water users Medium,

downstream; long term effects may create water and land unavoidable,

use conflict in the areas. controllable i

19

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Key Activities Potential negative impact Impact level

Local flood and/or boat accidents may occur and in some cases could cause contamination of water and sediment.

Small, avoidable

3.3 Increase local traffic

Induce development in the area and increase traffic congestion and road safety risk; air, noise, vibration; waste generation (social and liquid); and water pollution. Small, long term

4.3.1 Social impacts and mitigation measures

Table 4.3 summarizes the amount of land acquisitions and affected households resulted from an Estimated of Loss (EOL) survey which was carried out during the preparation of RAP for the subproject. The final affected land and population will be determined during the detailed design when the Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) will be carried out. RAP and EMDP of the subproject have been prepared in line with the RPF and EMPF and details are provided separately.

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Table 4.3: Land acquisitions and affected households for the DNR subproject Source: RAP for DNR subproject, 2010

No Type of impacts Unit Quantity

I Number of affected households Ethnic Group: Khmer

Household 867 124

2

Total area of permanent land In which: - Residential land - Productive land

m2

171,653

68,892 23,851

3

Total area of temporarily land In which: - Residential land - Productive land

m2

89,908

10,538 52,345

4 Compensation cost Million VND 33

5 Total cost for compensation and assistances Million VND 44

4.3.2 Environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Potential negative impacts of the subproject would occur during site clearance/investigation and construction, operation of sluice gates, and potential increase in use of fertilizer and pesticides. Table 4.4 summarizes the mitigation measures to be carried out during the implementation (dredging and dyking and construction of sluices and bridges) of the DNR subproject. Key impacts and mitigation measures can be described as follows:

(a) Dredging and dyking operations

~ Impacts: During preconstruction and construction, main negative impacts would be due to excavation, transportation, and disposal of large amount of dredge materials; the increase in local traffic (land and waterways); the increase in dust, noise, vibration, and other air pollution due to loading and unloading of

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- construction and dredge materials; the increase in waste generation and disposal;

and potential impacts on water quality and water users. About 1.4 million m3 of dredge materials is expected over a three years period however most of the dredge materials will be used for upgrading of the existing dykes. Dredging and dyking will occur over a large area of the existing canal networks which is exclusively -used for agriculture and transportation of dredge materials outside the subproject area is unlikely, however the activities may increase safety risks and disruption of local traffic and/or transportation routes. During consultation with local- authorities and communities, it has been requested that temporary bridges and bypass roads will have to be provided if dredging requires destruction of existing bridges.

~ Disturbance of bottom sediment during dredging will increase the level of suspended solid and other water contaminant that could increase acidity, salinity, -.

-...

and/or toxicity of water which may cause conflicts in water uses (agriculture, aquaculture, domestic water supply, etc.) nearby the construction sites. Soil analysis suggested that in the DNR subproject area, although acid sulphate soil is unlikely to be an issue, the sediment appeared to be contaminated with organic pollutants mostly from domestic sources. Main compositions of domestic wastewater are suspended solid, organic substance, nitrogen, phosphorus, and coliform bacteria. Construction wastes such as oil and oily waste from dredgers, construction materials, and garbage, if discharge directly to canals, will cause water pollution and contamination of bottom sediments and cause poor sanitation on land. Although waste and wastewater from workers is expected to be small (about 3-4 m3/day of waste water for 30-50 workers) measures however will be necessary for providing adequate sanaittion at work sites and work camps. Wastes and water pollution could also occur if the construction sites are not properly -- managed and closed after completion of construction.

~ Operations of equipment and vehicleslbarges and load/unload of construction materials and other construction activities will increase local traffic (roads and -waterways) and will also generate more noise, vibration, dust, and other air pollution and a may increase safety risk and affect health of local residents. Worker safety and worker activities, including work camp operations, may create -disturbance to local residents and add more pollution to local environment.

~ Mitigations: These impacts will be mitigated through the application of the- Environmental Code of Practice (ECOP) that has been prepared for the DNR - subproject (see Annex 1), close supervision of field engineer, and close consultation with local authorities and communities. The subproject ECOP will be

.. - included in the bidding and contract documents of the DNR subproject and the

potential bidders will be informed of the safeguard requirements. For dredgingldyking contract the subproject ECOP Parts A+B+C will be applied and their scope and description are summarized as follows:

ECOP Part A (General Provisions) requires the contractor to (a) be aware of the basic objective of the safeguard measures, prohibitions, and basic procedures on "chance find" and non-compliance reporting; (b) prepare a Contract Specific Environmental Plan (CSEP) describing how the safeguard performance during construction as defined in Part B and Part C could be achieved; and (c) initiate and maintain connection with local authorities and - communities throughout the construction period.

--21

.. -

ECOP Part B (Construction Management) describes basic requirements for management of construction sites, management of environmental quality (water, air/noise/vibration, traffic/transportation, wastes, excavated/demolition materials), including management of work camps and workers and monitoring ofpotential environmental impacts.

ECOP Part C (Additional Requirements for Dredging) outlines actions to be considered during dredgingldyking focusing on measures to address the issues related to transportation and disposal of dredge materials, especially in areas likely to be contaminated with acid sulphate soil, pesticides, and/or heavy metals. A dredge materials disposal plan (DMDP) will be prepared during detailed design in close consultation with local authorities and local .. communities and the plan will be finalized by the Contractor in consultation ..with local authorities and communities through the preparation of the CSEP.

(b) Construction and operation ofsluices

Impacts and Mitigations: There would be no major impacts during the construction of

small sluices (not more than 5 meters) and culvert. The potential negative impacts on

local traffic,air quality, noise, vibration, and water quality are considered marginal,

short term, and localized. These impacts will be mitigated through the application of

the ECOP Parts A+B and with close supervision of field engineers and close

consultation with local authorities and communities. Additional measures will also

be carried oul to manage waterways traffic and to monitor water quality upstream and

downstream of the construction sites.

~ Operation of sluice gates could change water quality and quantity in the subproject area as well as downstream area and this may cause water pollution and/or create conflict among water users. Physical structure and operation ofsluice gate can affect the waterways transport and create inconvenient to local people. Although the sluice technology to be installed could accommodate waterways transport, but some delay and hindrance may occur. These impacts will be mitigated through (a) preparation and .. implementation of a sluice operational plan that are developed through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) process, (b) water quality monitoring to determine potential impacts of the subproject on the local environment as well as facilitate .. effective operation of sluices, and (c) coordination with the agencies responsible for waterways management including making an effort to control and enforce speed boat to reduce potential erosion of the river/canal bank. PPMU in close cooperation with the Irrigation and Drainage Management Company (IOMC) who is responsible for " operation and maintenance of sluices will prepare and implement a plan to address these issues during the implementation of the subproject.

(c) Construction and operation ofbridges

Impacts and Mitigations: There would be no major impacts during the construction of .. bridges. The impacts on local traffic, air quality, noise, vibration, and water quality are considered marginal, short term, and localized. These impacts will be mitigated

through the application of the subproject ECOP Parts A+B and with close supervision ..

of field engineers and close consultation with local authorities and communities.

Negative impacts due to operation of bridges are not anticipated. These bridges are

designed mainly to accommodate rural connection of the existing roads along the two ..

22 ..

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-,. sides ofexisting secondary canals. These bridges would not attract major traffic since it will be built within existing irrigation area.

- (d) Increase the use offertilizer and pesticides .. ~ Mitigations: After completion of the subproject, more water will be available for

agriculture production and this may increase the use of fertilizer and pesticides. To mitigate this impact, a Pest Management Framework (PMF) has been developed and an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPM) for the DNR subproject has been prepared (see PART 5). The IPM program for the DNR subproject aims to reduce the use of pesticides (50%) and fertilizer (10%) and enhance effectiveness of the IPM approach

-

- by strengthening knowledge and capacity of farmers and local regulator in addressing the issues related to safe use of pesticides, organic farming, and other safe agriculture practices. However, given the complex nature of pest management and the need to secure understanding and commitment of stakeholders the detailed activities and work plan will be finalized in close consultation with the local agencies, farmers, and stakeholders. The activities will be carried out by Bac Lieu Provincial Plant Protection Division (PPPD) under policy and technical advice from the regional Plant Protection Department (PPD) in Ho Chi Minh City and with assistance from a team of national consultants. The Provincial Project Management Unit (PPMU) will be responsible for undertaking procurement and allocation of budget. The final plan will be approved by the Central Project Management Unit (CPMU) to be established in Can Tho and the World Bank. - Table 4.4 Summary of proposed mitigation measures for the DNR subproject

Responsible Entity and Cost Key Activities Mitigation Measures -During site clearance and construction

-(I) Dredging and dyking

- (see priority actions in - Section 4.4.1 below) .. ---- (2)

Construction.. of sluices (see priority actions in -

CPMU; Cost will be part of the preparation cost (detailed design)

I Include the ECOP Parts A+B+C in the

I Prepare DMDP (see details in Box 4.1)

CPMU; Cost of the mitigation ~ bidding and contract documents and measures will be part of the . inform the safeguard requirements to construction cost

all potential bidders

Closely supervise and monitor the Bac Lieu PPMU; Cost for monitoring contractor performance in close and supervision is part of the consultation with local authorities and supervision cost

communities

Monitor water and other key Bac Lie PPMU; Cost will be part of environmental quality as needed. the environmental monitoring cost

lPeriodic supervision and monitoring . CPMU; Cost will be part of the project management cost and WB

Include the ECOP Parts A+B in the CPMU; Cost of the mitigation bidding and contract documents and measures will be part of the

. inform the safeguard requirements to construction cost i all potential bidders

Closely supervise and monitor the Bac Lieu PPMU; Cost for monitoring contractor performance in close and supervision is part of the consultation with local authorities and supervision cost communitiesSection 4.4.2

.,

23

.. below) key Bac Lie PPMU; Cost will be part of~er and other

quality as needed. the environmental monitoring cost Periodic supervision and monitoring CPMU; Cost will be part of the project ..

management cost; WB will also ..monitor perfonnance as part of the supervision missions.

CPMU or PPMU; Cost of the Construction (3) Include the ECOP Parts A+B in the

mitigation measures will be part of the ofbridges

bidding and contract documents and infonn the safeguard requirements to construction cost

aU potential bidders.

(see priority Closely supervise and monitor the Bac Lieu PPMU; Cost for monitoring actions in contractor perfonnance in close and supervision is part of the Section 4.4.2 consultation with local authorities and supervision cost below) communities.

(4) During Integration ofconcerns on water Bac Lieu PPMU and IDMC; No cost sluice quality downstream into PIM process anticipated operation

Water quality monitoring to assess Bac Lieu PPMU; Cost will be part of potential impact of the subproject the project cost ( environmental

monitoring)

Bac Lieu PPMU, no cost anticipated. responsible for management of waterways transport

Coordinate with local agencies

:Bac Lieu PPMU in close cooperation Implement the IPM program for the (5) Increase subproject the Bac Lieu Plant Protection Division the use of

and the regional Plant Protectionfertilizer and Department in Ho Chi Minh City; Cost "..pesticides will be part of the budget allocated for IPM implementation.

CPMU; Cost will be part of the project management cost; WB will also monitor perfonnance as part of the

Periodic supervision and monitoring

.."If supervision missions. 4.4 Priority Actions to be considered in the CSEP

To be responsive to the local concerns and local conditions, the actions highlighted below will "III be considered during the preparation and finalization ofCSEP.

(aj For dredging and dyking contract Dredging will be carried out and timely completed section by section. Widening of canal will not be allowed unless there is specific agreement. Possible canal erosion II

and/or slippage of canal bank during dredging should be considered before dredging

and closely monitored during dredging, and remedial actions will be required if canal

bank slippage occur. Dredging method, disposal locations, and transportation of

dredge materials must be in line with the Dredge Material Disposal Plan (DMDP)

which has been agreed with the local authority and community. Selective analysis of .. iii

-

.

- sediment should be made to detennine proper design for spoil disposal site and to .. avoid contamination. Dredging in the area of acid sulphate soil should be made during - wet season and consultation with water users would further reduce the impacts.

-- Destruction of existing bridge will not be allowed unless a temporary bridge or other means of crossing canals is provided. Provide temporary bridges and overpasses to local residents when existing bridges are destroyed and/or disposal site of dredge- material make it difficult for the local people to move around and/or exposed to increasing safety risk, especially children and elderly. - (b) For all construction contracts

The contractor will ensure effective management and disposal of drilling and site

- clearance structure/wastes, provide appropriate garbage containers and ensure that workers will not dispose-off oil, wastes, garbage, and create other social issues. Oily.. waste and other chemical and/or toxic wastes will be properly managed (transportation, storage, use, and disposal). To reduce dust and noise level, machine and equipment with good conditions will be used and water spraying will be- adequately frequent, especially during dry season and in residential and commercial areas. Clean up all dirt on roads; restore damages, and/or paying compensation for .. damages that occur due to construction and transportation activities .

- To ensure order and security, the contractor will provide a list of outside workers .. including time and duration of their presence. Employment of local people as the workers could help reduce potential conflicts and when possible promote opportunity for the community to participate in the environmental protection and monitoring - activities.-- Infonnation on the construction plan/progress should be provided periodically to the community and establish communication mechanism with local people to be responsive to their concerns. To reduce conflict between workers and local people, - the number of workers in urban areas should be limited and infonnation on local culture and habit should be provided. - As indicated in the ECOP, the contractor will be required to present, discuss, and -. agree with local authorities, utilities owners, and local communities regarding the site clearance, transportation of construction materials, and construction plans as well as the proposed measures to mitigate the potential negative impacts. An environmental infonnation campaigns (lEC) should 'be carried out to ensure that local residents - understand the potential impacts and established an agreement on monitoring arrangement. In Vietnam, it is a nonnal practice that local communities will fonn a -

.. team to monitor perfonnance of contractors especially on aspect that affect local resident and environment. The contractor will be required to properly close all the construction sites; All the land

temporary acquired will be returned to the owners at a original conditions or changed

-.. acceptable to owners; All the public borrow pits must be properly closed and recover

by vegetation; work camps and sanitation facilities (toilet) must be properly closed and cleared.

- 25

.. ..

v. EMP-ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE SUBPROJECT

5.1 Actions to Mitigate Impacts during Construction

During preconstruction, the Bac Lieu PPMU will carry out the following actions:

Establish an Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) and assign at least one full time staff to be responsible for coordination and forging effective implementation of

safeguard, including hiring of consultants to assist in the management and monitoring;

In preparing detailed design, identify the required mitigation measures to be implemented to address the concerns from the affected population and key

stakeholders and further reduce the negative impacts both from social and

environmental aspects. To address the dredge materials disposai issues, PPMU will

prepare a Dredge Materials Disposal Plan (DMDP) for all the contracts involving

dredging and dyking following the scope described in Box 1.

In preparing the bid document, include the ECOP (Annex 1) in the bidding and contract documents and ensure that the contractors are aware of the safeguard

obligation and commit to comply. Cost for mitigating the impacts during construction

must be included as part ofthe subproject cost. The supervision and/or field engineers

will be responsible for supervision and monitoring of safeguard performance of

contractor and this responsibility will be included in the TOR for field engineers;

Implement RAPs (including complete the Detailed Measurement Survey) and EMDPs

as soon as possible.

Box 1: Preparation of Dredge Materials Disposal Plan (DMDP)

The DMDP would cover the following aspects;

Assessing amount of dredge materials. Undertaking survey on the sediment in the canal and estimate the volume of the sediment in details. The estimated volume of the sediment would be compared to the preliminary estimate made at the preparation of the respective EMPs; if there is substantial difference from the preliminary estimate, required land appropriation and compensation costs would also be adjusted accordingly;

Identify "hot spot". Identifying water users that may be affected by the dredging and monitor water quality that could be used to monitor the potential impacts. Priority should be given to monitor the areas that are sensitive to change in water quality (high suspended solid (SS), low pH, high BOD or COD, high salinity, etc.) especially where the water is used as a source of water supply for domestic and agricultural uses. In areas where dredging may cause negative impacts to these water users, the Subproject owner is required to inform/consult them and take actions to address their concerns, including conduct water quality monitoring.

Assessing the quality of the sediments. The assessment would be carried out to confmn that the sediments would not include environmentally harmful materials such as heavy metals, acid sulphate soils, and residual pesticides. If these materials are found to be more than the thresholds stipulated by the national standards, a special disposal plan should be prepared with a monitoring plan. The special disposal plan should also set out a program to protect the nearby community residents from using the disposed dredged materials for house construction or gardening.

.,

.,

.III,

26

-..

-..

---

...

----

-

-

Identifying disposal sites for the dredged materials. The plan should also identifY types and locations of land to be used for the disposal of dredged materials (permanent and temporary). Public land, land for construction of rural roads, public works, private land, etc. may be used, with an agreement with the project affected households. It should also meet local plans for land use. The identified land should be large enough to accommodate the detailed estimated amount of the dredged materials. The selected disposal land should be located at least 1 km from any Bird Sanctuary or protected sites, at least 200 m from public works (schools, administrative offices, and markets), temples and churches, and at least 200 m from aquaculture fanns.

Designing Temporary Disposal ofDredge Materials.. As the dredged materials are in the state of mud at frrst and soil particles are suspended for 24 to 48 hours. All drainage water from disposal land shall be driven to the drains and discharged back to the canal. In order to limit the negative impacts of mud (produced by dredging) on the environment as well as the water quality of the canals, the dredged sediment will be transported to a containing area which is appropriately located and properly design with ah adequate size. The dredged spoil will be pumped to the disposal land and then overflow to a settlement pond, where turbidity and total suspended solids are settled. After some time, effluent is returned to the canals. A typical design of the dike around each disposal may be as follows: Height: 2m, Footing width: 5 m, and Surface width: 1m. The plan should set out a basic layout.

Water Quality Monitoring from the Disposed Dredged Materials. In the time of drainage and discharge, pH and the content of suspended solids should be measured 3 times a week at the discharge point for the first three weeks. Monitoring of water quality of effluent and receiving water will be required.

Using the Dredged Materials. The plan should also identifY possible road construction and river dyke repairs which may utilize the dredged materials.

- 5.2 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program -. The IPM program for the subproject has been developed in line with the objective, approach, and implementation arrangement described in the Pest Management Framework (PMF) taken into account the proposed activities for the IPM program by Bac Lieu province. The program - will be finalized and implemented by Bac Lieu PPMU under technical guidance of Regional Plant Protection Division (RPPD) in Ho Chi Minh City. This section describes the objective, scope, and implementation arrangement of the IPM program for DNR subproject however detailed activities will be identified through consultation with local farmers, local authorities, and other key agencies and/or stakeholders (suppliers/traders, women unions, PPD, etc.). - (a) Objective:- In line with the PMF, the IPM activities for the subproject will be designed to achieve the .. objective prescribed in the PMF i.e. reduction of 50% utilization of pesticides and 10% of fertilizer.-

Baseline (2011) Target (2016) Remarks Fertilizer Conduct survey 10% ofbaseline The final area, target, work plan and

schedule ofthe IPM plan will be confirmed through consultation local officials, famers, and key stakeholders

Pesticides Conduct survey 50% of baseline

-

27

.... (b) Approach This objective could be achieved through the implementation of the following steps:

Step 0: Hiring ofconsultant. A team of consultants (lPM consultant) will be hired to

assist Bac Lieu PPMU in the implementation of the IPM program including ensuring

I

effective implementation and cooperation among agencies, farmers, and stakeholders. .. TOR for the consultant will be made at early stage of the project implementation.

Step 1: Setting up baseline and farmer registration. This step will be carried out as

soon as possible. Appropriate questionnaires will be developed to establish the 2011

baseline or later year depending on when the subproject is confirmed for ..implementation for fertilizer and pesticide use in the subproject areas. Consultation

with key agencies and training and registration of farmers will be conducted. ..

Step2: Setting up program target and work plan preparation. Based on the results

from the questionnaires and consultation in Step 1, the work plan and schedule will be

prepared, including budget and the implementing entities. The work plan will be

submitted to CPMU for approval and to WB for review and comment.

I

Step 3: Implementation and annual monitoring. After approval of the work plan, .." activities will be implemented. The implementation progress will be included in the

Project progress report. An annual evaluation will be made by CPMU and the regional

PPD in Ho Chi Minh City.

Step 4: Impact evaluation. This program will be carried out by an independent

consultant to be hired by CPMU.

(c) Tasks and activities

The following tasks and activities will be carried out:

o Task O. Baseline Survey. As the very first step, the baseline survey will be conducted

within the subproject area to assess the current usage of the pesticides and other

agriculture chemicals, and identify the existing environmental and health conditions.

The baseline survey should cover: (a) overall use of the chemicals (through rapid rural

survey, including focus group discussion to identify the vulnerable groups), (b)

measurement of the water quality through sample testing (at least two places), (c)

identification of health issues. The baseline survey shall be presented to the farmer

groups during implementation of Task I below ..

o Task 1. Farmer adoption ofgood [PM practices and safe use ofpesticides: This task will focus on strengthening capacity of farmer organization network on IPM to .,facilitate farmer adoption of good practices in various aspect of IPM approach and

provide knowledge and assistance to farmers regarding safe use of pesticides when necessary. The activities will be built on previous IPM efforts, the GoV policy to

reduce fertilizer and pesticides (3R3G), and current knowledge and available

28 ..

-..

- technology, and they will be developed and implemented in close cooperation with the

extension services, local institutes, and with technical guidance of regional and/or regional/provincial PPD. The extension staff and farmers (after training and with help from technical assistance under Task 2) will discuss the pest management situation in their own areas and identify good practices that could be adopted to ensure that - pesticides are used only when necessary and they will be used safely. Due attention will be given to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizer, increase the number of women participants, increase cost sharing of beneficiaries (especially those who are -

-

better oft), and activities that could lead to sustainability of the farmer adoption. Reduction of 50 percent pesticide use and 10 percent fertilizer used will be considered as a minimum target for the IPM program. Indicators will include: reduction of- pesticides and fertilizer use; increased number of woman participation; increased knowledge on health and the environmental impacts; and/or increased cost sharing from beneficiaries. Bac Lieu provinces will provide counterpart staff, space and utilities, vehicles, and some administrative cost and operational budget in the form of cash and in kind to demonstrate GoV commitment to facilitate sustainability of the IPM efforts. The Project could support technical assistance, training, workshops, public awareness, and small investment on vehicles (motorcycles) and incremental operating costs. Training may include training courses, on-the-job training, and study visits while the public awareness and outreach materials could include effective media and other outreach instrument proven to be effective. -

o Task 2 Adopdon ofnon-chemical uses andfarmer outreach: Based on experience in Bac Lieu, an area of 2,000 m2 has been identified to be developed as a demonstration - area for promoting safety of agriculture products with high quality acceptable to GAP standard. The pilot area will apply IPM approach in comparison with traditional

- cultivation in the subproject area. The basic principles have been identified (.

.. the propaganda and mobilization activities, guiding the controlling measures for harmful diseases. ..o Good implementation of the survey, forecast situation on rice harmful creatures and other type of major crops. Timely organization of rabies prevention and restriction in wide spreading, minimizing damage caused by insects, especially by Rice Yellow Stunt, Rice Ragged Stunt Virus, and simultaneously set out measures to effectively prevent in the direction of ecological safety, production management appropriate to each subject, in specific conditions of each locality in the project area.

o Monitor, better understand the situation of weather, seed structure, and seasonal calendar to .forecast situation arising harmful diseases on major crops. ..o Closely monitor weather conditions, hydrology, improve the quality of forecasting the epidemic,

serving the direction of seed cultivation and implement effective measures to protect production.

o Local authorities need to improve investment efficiency in irrigation systems and promote the

existing irrigation system, while enhancing the dredging itself, reinforced embankments, enclosing

the deteriorated irrigation system to ensure irrigation water capacity, initiative drainage, limitation

in late winter-spring and early summer-autumn crops. ..II o Task 3 Special assistance to pOOl' farmers and vulnerable groups: This task will

promote awareness of health risk related to pesticide uses by providing free health examination service (at least annually for two years) and access to safety equipment to .. poor farmers and those who are hired to spray pesticides and chemicals e.g. spraying .. workers. The process and mechanism for provide this assistance will be established by the IPM farmer organization through consultation among farmers and stakeholders. ..II Eligible farmers should be identified through the registration process (Steps 0 and 1)

and all of them must attend proper training on safe use of pesticides. Type and nature

of equipment to be procured will be identified by the provincial PPD (PPPD) and

acceptable by the famers. It is likely that health checking program, including

equipment, will be managed by the farmer organizations and details will be discussed

and finalized during implementation. Health examination and/or treatment (if needed)

will be made by qualified specialists. Priority will be given to those who are

negatively affected by the Project as well as ethnic minority will have high priority to

benefitfrom this assistance.

o Task 4 Strengthen regulatory measures: Bac Lieu PPPD will delegated by the bac ".. Lieu PPMU to implement this task in the implementation of these activities and detailed activities will be prepared during the implementation. The activities will be designed to compliment other IPM activities described in Tasks 1-3 above. At a minimum the following activities will be made (a) update the registration of suppliers and retailers in the project areas as well as in Bac Lieu provinces. Training will be provided to these suppliers to ensure that they are aware of the GOV regulations (especially those listed in Annex 2), understand the toxicity of pesticides and its consequence to the human health and local environment, and build their cooperation with the agencies and responsibility to the farmers. Efforts will be made to seek cooperation of chemical suppliers to promote the use of non-toxic chemicals, and organic materials as well as to provide correct information to farmers in their ..advertisement.

(d) Basic principles * During the finalization of the IPM program and the implementation, the principles described in the PMF will be applied as follows:

a) In line with OP 4.09, the Project will not finance procurement of large amount of

pesticides. However, if serious infestation occurs in the area, procurement of small

amount of pesticides could be carried out with support from the Project; Type of " ..

30 ..

-- pesticides, procurement, storage, and transportation will be in accordance with the government regulation as described in Section II. WB no objection will be required

- before the procurement ofsuch pesticide can take place. ... b) IPM program and Project support: The IPM program of the DNR subproject will include technical assistance (consultants), safety equipment, materials necessary for implementation of non-chemical options, and support for priority extension services, including incremental operating cost. Detailed work plan will be finalized through - close consultation with the farmers, local agencies, and local institutionslNGOs.

c) The DNR subproject will adopt an IPM approach as a mean to minimize the potential

-- negative impacts due to potential increase in fertilizer and chemical uses. However,

emphasis will be given to enhance knowledge and experience through in country study visit and training (courses and on-the-job) on safe selection and use of chemicals as well as on demonstration of various non-chemical options, especially the use of rice straw, organic wastes, and other techniques, being investigated and/or applied in Vietnam. Given that many different people use IPM in a different ways, the subproject will adopt the IPM approach and technical guidelines provided in the PMF. -

d) The IPM activities will be finalized in close coordination with the government policy to promote "Three Reduction, Three Gains and/or One Must, Five Reduction"- however the target will focus on reduction of fertilizer and pesticides uses.

e) Under normal condition, if pesticide usage is considered necessary as one of a- necessary option, only the ones registered with the government and acceptable internationally will be used and the subproject will also provide technical and economic justification in line with the technical guidelines provided in PMF on the - needs for such chemicals considering the options available for non-chemical pest management techniques that could also reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Strengthening of regulatory and monitoring measures have been incorporated into the IPM program to reduce risks associated with the handling and -- use of pesticides to a level that can be managed by the users (see (f) below). .. f) Planning and implementation of regulatory measures and other complimentary actions will be made in close consultations with key agencies and stakeholders, including chemical suppliers, to facilitate their cooperation and understanding. -- (e) Implementation arrangement/or the IPM-

Bac Lieu PPMU will be responsible for the implementation of the IPM program, including .. preparation of progress report to be submitted to CPMU. Bac Lieu PPMU will engage Bac Lieu PPPD for undertaking activities identified in task 4 (regulatory measures). The Regional -.. Plant Protection Department in Ho Chi Minh will provide policy and technical guidance for the implementation of the IPM program. A group of national consultants will be hired to assist in the implementation process and facilitate achievement of the of the IPM program. - The final plan and budget will be finalized and discussed with CPMU. All documents will be .. kept in the project file . (f) Budget estimation: $300,000 -- The cost will be used to finance technical assistance, training, public outreach, and pilot - activities that promote non-chemical agriculture as well as support for safety equipment and ..

-.. 31

capacity building and training to the poor who will be the most affected by unsafe use of pesticides in exchange to their active participation in the IPM program, especially on monitoring and reporting on the amount ofchemical used. .. 5.3 Environmental Monitoring program .. The environmental monitoring program would comprise of two types of monitoring: .. monitoring of contractor performance and ambient water quality monitoring of the subproject .. area. Objectives and scope of the monitoring are described below.

5.3.1 Contractor performance monitoring

Monitoring performance of contractor will be carried out during construction. PPMU will hire a group of national consultant to conduct periodical monitoring in line with the detailed ..design and the construction plan and schedule, including locations of dredge materials " disposal areas. Below provides a guideline for monitoring ofcontractor performance: II

Conduct periodic monitoring of the compliance with regulations on environmental

protection with the following contents: :

+ Ensure environmental sanitation in camp areas: toilets, collection and treatment of solid waste and wastewater. + Make sure the life and health of workers, prevent diseases and social diseases + Make sure the regulations on occupational safety .. + Ensure environmental sanitation in and surrounding areas such as covering material transport truck, watering for dust-resistant and construction time, reasonable transportation to reduce the impacts of noise to the surrounding residential areas.

Monitoring frequency: Quarterly (3months per year)

Monitoring supervisor: Project owner and independent environmental supervisor

It is a normal practice in Vietnam that local community will also set up team to monitor potential negative impacts during construction. This is to ensure that the potential negative impacts are adequately mitigated from the local resident point of view. When the environmental deterioration happens, people and local administration will report to the project owner. For this subproject, it is anticipated that the local community will also monitor the contractor performance. Details discussion will be made before commencement of the construction of each contract. PPMU will coordinate connection between the contractor and ..local community.

.1

5.3.2. Ambient water quality monitoring III.The objective of the DNR subproject is to protect and enhance the utilization of water resources and prevention of salinity intrusion in the subproject area. Therefore, it is necesary to monitor water quality in various stages of the project, especially in construction and operation. This program aims to monitor quality of water flow in to and out from the subproject area. Locations of water sampling and water parameters are summarized in Table

and Figure 5.1. Table 5.2 provides an estimated cost for water quality analysis. ."I. 32

-

--

.

-

-

-

-

--

--

-

..

-

-

-

PPMU will hire qualified technical experts to assist in the monitoring. The estimated cost is only for water quality analysis. It is anticipated that additional water quality monitoring within the subproject area would be conducted as needed during the project implementation.

[n parallel to this monitoring, PPMU will also ensure compliance with the GOV requirement regarding environmental quality monitoring which was approved as part of the EIA process .

Table 5.1: Surface water quality monitoring for the DNR subproject

Detail Location Frequency hnplementing Total cost of observation sampling at a

supply water system

Cost (VND)

all work (VND)

Surface water monitoring during construction phase

VTl: in the Ranh canal, where water resources from Soc Trang province come into subproject area; VT2: in the Nang Ren canal VT3: near to Hung Thanh sluice, where saline water input. The Hung Thanh sluice has been built to

4 sampling

locations per

year x 2

times

08 Samples/a

year x 705.000

VND/sample

5.640.000 VND x 3 years

(According to

16,920,000

prevent saline intrusion. VT4: at the end ofBac Lieu and Ca Mau canal, where water discharge to other outside subproject area See Figure 5

Circular

No.232120091T

TIBTC dated on

9/1212009 of Ministry of

Finance

Surface water during operation phase

VTl: in the Ranh canal, where water resources from Soc Trang province come into subproject area; VT2: in the Nang Ren canal; VT3: near to Hung Thanh sluice, where saline water input. The Hung Thanh sluice has been built to prevent saline intrusion; VT4: at the end ofBac Lieu and Ca Mau canal, where water discharge to other outside subproject area; VT5: near to Mac Day bridge; VT6: near to Thong Luu sluice, where saline water can input and output. See Figure 5

6 sampling locations per

yearx2

times

12 Samples/a year x 705.000

VND/sample = 8.460.000 VND x 2 years (According to Circular

NO.232120091T TIBTC dated on 9/1212009 of Ministry of

Finance

16,920,000

Total 33,840,000

Total cost is 33,840,000 VND equivalents to US$ 1,692

-.. 33

I

I

2

II

I

2

III

I. ~ !~' "'!->N"t,

..

Table 5.2. Tentative cost for environemntal monitoring

Description

Construction stage 66,920,000

Water Quality Monitoring Program

Costs for Building Capacity on Safety and

PPMU

PPMU

16,920,000

50.000.000

.. Environmental Protection Operation stage 36,920,000 '"... Cost for water quality analysis in 2 years. Costs for Building Capacity on Safety and

Environmental Operation in the first year.

Total (I,ll)

Responsibility

PPMU

PPMU

Total cost is VND 103,840,000, equivalents to US$ 5,193.

Figure 5.1 Water quality locations for the DNR subprojetc area

hHSOCTRANG ...... DONG NANG REN PROJECT .:s-I ... ~" --- I - T1..... ..

'1; "'-, ''".~ ~~ \ ,~ ~,'" ... ' " .. all

Ii

II., C]Projedlloundaria El Expecled Dyke " 00 Exis!in& Sluice B []i] EJ!!l'CIedSluice E:l B Expected lJrod8e

5.4 Consultation and Information Disclosure

Pre-meeting: During detailed design and before bidding, Bac Lieu PPMU will carry out a consultation with the local authority and community and inform them about the status of the - subproject and how to access to safeguard information which has been disclosed both in English and Vietnamese.

- In the meeting, the detailed design, the potential negative impacts and mitigation measures proposed for the subproject will be discussed to facilitate effective implementation of the subproject and cooperation of local authorities and communities. If needed, the mitigation - measures should be adjusted in line with the final agreement and the revised mitigation plan should be disclosed. to the public locally. The results will be included in the subproject progress report.

VI. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT -6.1. Organization and Responsibilities

...

-The subproject owner: The Bac Lieu PPMU is the subproject owner and will be responsible for ensuring effective implementation of safeguard measures and timely reporting the implementation progress. The PPMU will set up an Environment and Social Unit (ESU) comprising at least one full time staff to be responsible for forging effective implementation of safeguard measures.

The safeguard consultant: To ensure effective implementation of safeguard measures, a team - of qualified national consultant (Environmental Management Consultant or EMC) will be hired to assist the ESUIPPMU during the implementation of safeguard activities for all the subprojects to be implemented by the Bac Lieu PPMU under the project. The EMC will also - be responsible for periodic monitoring of the contractor's safeguard performance and provide technical guidance and safeguard training to ESU staff and field engineers. - The Central Project Management Unit (CPMU): CPMU and its safeguard consultant will be - responsible for periodic monitoring the implementation progress of the safeguard measures of the subproject, including providing clarification on issues related to safeguard policies and requirements and safeguard training to the subproject staff/consultant.

Other entities: The Provincial and District's People Committees and the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) are responsible for ensur