The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American...

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The Smuggler’s Empire I. National Character II. The Tools of Statecraft III. Building an American State IV. Tariff Debate V. Gilded-age Diplomacy VI. Contraband VII. Regulating Trade VIII. National Greatness IX. Expansion X. Empire

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Transcript of The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American...

Page 1: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

The Smuggler’s EmpireI. National CharacterII. The Tools of StatecraftIII. Building an American StateIV. Tariff DebateV. Gilded-age Diplomacy VI. ContrabandVII. Regulating TradeVIII. National GreatnessIX. ExpansionX. Empire

Page 2: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

National

Character • Founding values

are initially hostile

to conquest,

expansion, and

even engagement

with the world:

– Self-determination

– Anti-Diplomacy

– No standing armies

– Constitution

Anti-diplomatic cartoon, 1805

Page 3: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

The Tools of

Statecraft

•Diploma

cy

•Dealing

•War

•TradeAmerican gunboat in Japan.

Hiroshige, 1861

Page 4: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Building an American

State

• Whigs and Nullifiers (1832-54)• Civil War (1860-5)

• Reconstruction (1865-76)

Page 5: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Tariff

Debate •Protectioni

sts

•Reformers

•The Battle

Royal

Harrison versus Cleveland, 1888

Page 6: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Gilded-age Diplomacy

Principles Practices Monroe Doctrine

Promotional State

Open Door Reciprocity

“Keep off! The

Monroe Doctrine must be

respected.”

Judge, 1896.

Page 7: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Contraband

• Gangs

• Individuals

Smuggling on the

Rio Grande.

Harper’s Weekly,

1886

Page 8: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Regulating Trade

• Customs

• Consuls

• Secret

Service

The New York Customhouse, 1884

Page 9: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Enforcing Nationalism

• Fear rising inequality and the emergence of a cosmopolitan upper class, unbound by national loyalties

Harper’s

Weekly,

1879

Page 10: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Gender

• Protectionists

saw women as

social-climbing

consumers,

challenging the

masculine

producers’

republic.Female agent inspecting

traveler.National Police Gazette,

1879

Page 11: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Anglo-Saxonism

•Religion•Race

Jewish Smugglers

National Police Gazette, 1879

Black soldiers

Brownsville, TX, ca. 1906

Page 12: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Morality• High tariffs

on opium, liquor, sugar, and tobacco

• Comstock law (1873) bars importation of contraceptives and objects deemed obscene Searching Chinese immigrants for

opium, San Francisco, January 1882

Page 13: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

National

Greatness

•Gender

•Frontier

•Race

Theodore Roosevelt, NYC, 1885

Page 14: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

New Interests

• Manufacturi

ng

• Farming

• Merchandisi

ng

• Consumption

Candy label, 1868

Page 15: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Expansion

•Buildup

•Revoluti

ons

•Conques

tThe New Navy of the US, 1892

Page 16: The Smuggler’s Empire I.National Character II.The Tools of Statecraft III.Building an American State IV.Tariff Debate V.Gilded-age Diplomacy VI.Contraband.

Empire

• Resistanc

e

• Insular

Cases

• AmbiguityRings seized from Pvt. Emil J. Pepke by Chicago Customs

officials , 1901


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